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Diakoudi G, Buonavoglia A, Pellegrini F, Capozza P, Vasinioti VI, Cardone R, Catella C, Camero M, Parisi A, Capozzi L, Mendoza-Roldan JA, Otranto D, Bànyai K, Martella V, Lanave G. Identification of new astroviruses in synanthropic squamates. Res Vet Sci 2023; 161:103-109. [PMID: 37331242 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Astroviruses have been identified in a wide variety of animal species and are associated with gastro-intestinal disease in humans. Pathologies due to extra-intestinal localization are known in different hosts. We report the detection of astroviruses in synanthropic squamate reptile species (Podercis siculus and Tarentola mauritanica). Fecal samples were collected from 100 squamates from urban and peri-urban areas of three regions in South Italy and tested for the presence of astroviruses using a broadly reactive (pan-astrovirus) RT-PCR protocol targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Astrovirus RNA was detected in 11% of the samples and for six strains a 3 kb-long fragment at the 3' end of the genome was sequenced, obtaining information on the complete capsid-encoding ORF2 sequence. Viral RNA was also detected in the brain of one of the positive animals. The sequences generated from the astrovirus strains shared low nucleotide identities in the ORF2 (< 43.7%) with other known reptilian astrovirus sequences, hinting to the massive genetic diversity of members of this viral family. Based on the partial RdRp gene of the sequenced strains, however, we observed species-specific patterns, regardless of the geographic origin of the animals, and we also identified a possible inter-species transmission event between geckoes and lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Cardone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Cristiana Catella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Antonio Parisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Putignano, Italy
| | - Loredana Capozzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Putignano, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Krisztián Bànyai
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary; University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
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2
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Le SJ, Xin GY, Wu WC, Shi M. Genetic Diversity and Evolution of Viruses Infecting Felis catus: A Global Perspective. Viruses 2023; 15:1338. [PMID: 37376637 DOI: 10.3390/v15061338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cats harbor many important viral pathogens, and the knowledge of their diversity has been greatly expanded thanks to increasingly popular molecular sequencing techniques. While the diversity is mostly described in numerous regionally defined studies, there lacks a global overview of the diversity for the majority of cat viruses, and therefore our understanding of the evolution and epidemiology of these viruses was generally inadequate. In this study, we analyzed 12,377 genetic sequences from 25 cat virus species and conducted comprehensive phylodynamic analyses. It revealed, for the first time, the global diversity for all cat viruses known to date, taking into account highly virulent strains and vaccine strains. From there, we further characterized and compared the geographic expansion patterns, temporal dynamics and recombination frequencies of these viruses. While respiratory pathogens such as feline calicivirus showed some degree of geographical panmixes, the other viral species are more geographically defined. Furthermore, recombination rates were much higher in feline parvovirus, feline coronavirus, feline calicivirus and feline foamy virus than the other feline virus species. Collectively, our findings deepen the understanding of the evolutionary and epidemiological features of cat viruses, which in turn provide important insight into the prevention and control of cat pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jia Le
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Gen-Yang Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Wei-Chen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Mang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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Zou J, Yu J, Mu Y, Xie X, Wang R, Wu H, Liu X, Xu F, Wang J, Wang Y. Development of a TaqMan-based multiplex real-time PCR for simultaneous detection of four feline diarrhea-associated viruses. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1005759. [PMID: 36406081 PMCID: PMC9669448 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1005759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their recent discovery, the prevalence of novel feline enteric viruses, including feline bocavirus 1 (FBoV-1), feline astrovirus (FeAstV), and feline kobuvirus (FeKoV), has been reported in China. Co-infections of these viruses with feline parvovirus (FPV) are common causes of diarrhea in cats. Viral co-infections are difficult to identify because of their non-specific clinical signs. To detect and identify these viruses, a quick and specific pathogen-testing approach is required. Here, we establish a real-time PCR (qPCR) based on multiple TaqMan probes for the simultaneous detection of FBoV-1, FeAstV, FeKoV, and FPV. Specific primers and TaqMan fluorescent probes were designed to ensure specificity. The results showed that the detection limit of single qPCR was up to 10 copies, and the detection limit of multiplex qPCR was up to 100 copies, with correlation coefficients >0.995 in all cases. Clinical sample detection revealed a 25.19% (34/135) total rate of co-infection among the viruses and a 1.48% (2/135) quadruple infection rate. Thus, this multiplex qPCR approach can serve as a quick, sensitive, and specific diagnostic tool for FBoV-1, FeAstV, FeKoV, and FPV identification, and it may be utilized for routine surveillance of these emerging and reemerging feline enteric viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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4
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Huang X, Zhou J, Hou Y, Wang R, Li Q, Wang Y, Yuan R, Chen P, Wang B, Xia X. Diversity and Genetic Characteristics of Astroviruses from Animals in Yunnan Province. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102234. [PMID: 36298789 PMCID: PMC9607396 DOI: 10.3390/v14102234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astroviruses (AstVs) are single-stranded RNA viruses, including two main genera: Mamastroviruses (MAstVs) and Avastroviruses (AAstVs). AstVs have been detected in more than 80 different mammals and birds, with the characteristics of multiple cross-species transmission and gene recombination. All these have accelerated the process of virus mutation and posed a potential threat to human beings and animal husbandry. Yunnan province is a global hotspot with rich biodiversity and abundant animal resources and an important area with significance for public health and security because it neighbors a few Southeast Asian countries. This study collected 860 samples from 13 species of animals in Yunnan province for AstVs detection. The results showed that the positive rate of AstVs was 6.05%, and its extremely high genetic diversity was observed in different animal species. Potential cross-species transmission events were also detected from rodents to birds. Therefore, AstVs, which are widely distributed with highly diverse genes and the risk of cross-species transmission to people, deserve more attention in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Huang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jiuxuan Zhou
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yutong Hou
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qian Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ruiling Yuan
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Binghui Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (X.X.)
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (X.X.)
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Van Brussel K, Wang X, Shi M, Carrai M, Feng S, Li J, Holmes EC, Beatty JA, Barrs VR. The enteric virome of cats with feline panleukopenia differs in abundance and diversity from healthy cats. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2952-e2966. [PMID: 35765950 PMCID: PMC9796298 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Feline panleukopenia (FPL) is a severe, often fatal disease caused by feline panleukopenia virus (FPV). How infection with FPV might impact the composition of the entire eukaryotic enteric virome in cats has not been characterized. We used meta-transcriptomic and viral particle enrichment metagenomic approaches to characterize the enteric viromes of 23 cats naturally infected with FPV (FPV-cases) and 36 age-matched healthy shelter cats (healthy controls). Sequencing reads from mammalian infecting viral families largely belonged to the Coronaviridae, Parvoviridae and Astroviridae. The most abundant viruses among the healthy control cats were feline coronavirus, Mamastrovirus 2 and Carnivore bocaparvovirus 3 (feline bocavirus), with frequent coinfections of all three. Feline chaphamaparvovirus was only detected in healthy controls (6 out of 36, 16.7%). Among the FPV-cases, in addition to FPV, the most abundant viruses were Mamastrovirus 2, feline coronavirus and C. bocaparvovirus 4 (feline bocaparvovirus 2). The latter and feline bocaparvovirus 3 were detected significantly more frequently in FPV-cases than in healthy controls. Feline calicivirus was present in a higher proportion of FPV-cases (11 out of 23, 47.8%) compared to healthy controls (5 out of 36, 13.9%, p = 0.0067). Feline kobuvirus infections were also common among FPV-cases (9 out of 23, 39.1%) and were not detected in any healthy controls (p < .0001). While abundant in both groups, astroviruses were more frequently present in FPV-cases (19 out of 23, 82.6%) than in healthy controls (18 out of 36, p = .0142). The differences in eukaryotic virome composition revealed here indicate that further investigations are warranted to determine associations between enteric viral co-infections on clinical disease severity in cats with FPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Van Brussel
- School of Veterinary ScienceFaculty of ScienceUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia,Sydney Institute for Infectious DiseasesSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Xiuwan Wang
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine & Life SciencesCentre for Animal Health and WelfareCity University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong KongChina
| | - Mang Shi
- Sydney Institute for Infectious DiseasesSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia,School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Maura Carrai
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine & Life SciencesCentre for Animal Health and WelfareCity University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong KongChina
| | - Shuo Feng
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine & Life SciencesCentre for Animal Health and WelfareCity University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong KongChina
| | - Jun Li
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine & Life SciencesCentre for Animal Health and WelfareCity University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong KongChina,School of Data ScienceCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Edward C. Holmes
- Sydney Institute for Infectious DiseasesSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Julia A. Beatty
- School of Veterinary ScienceFaculty of ScienceUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia,Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine & Life SciencesCentre for Animal Health and WelfareCity University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong KongChina,Centre for Animal Health and WelfareCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Vanessa R. Barrs
- School of Veterinary ScienceFaculty of ScienceUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia,Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine & Life SciencesCentre for Animal Health and WelfareCity University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong KongChina,Centre for Animal Health and WelfareCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina
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Luan Q, Han Y, Yin Y, Wang J. Genetic diversity and pathogenicity of novel chicken astrovirus in China. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:488-498. [PMID: 35838631 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2102966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFive novel chicken astrovirus (CAstV) strains, designated ZDF, MHC, WSC, WSW and MHW, were successfully isolated from chickens with gout and were subjected to full genome sequencing characterization and tested for their pathogenic effects on Specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken embryos and chickens. The complete genomes of the 5 isolated strains were approximately 7436 nt to 7511 nt in length. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strains ZDF and MHC were clustered in a clade with strains isolated in China and that the others were clustered with strains from other countries. Based on the amino acids of ORF2, strains MHW and WSW belonged to subgroup Ai, strain WSC belonged to Bii, and strains ZDF and MHC belonged to Bi. The pathogenicity of strains MHW, MHC and WSC belonging to different subgroups was studied. The results showed that the mortality of the chicken embryos was 100% when infected with any strain more than 103 TCID50, 35% in SPF chickens infected with strain WSC, 25% with MHC and 15% with MHW. The body weights of chickens infected and embryos infected with 0.2 mL 10 TCID50 were significantly reduced after hatching. SPF chickens infected with any of the strains had similar lesions characterized by urate deposits on the epicardium and kidney and necrotic spots on the liver. This study identified the three kinds of genotypic CAstV prevalent in China, with high mortality in embryonated chicken eggs and leading to white chick syndrome, retarded growth and visceral gout in infected chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Luan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University (QAU), Qingdao, 266109, China.,Qingdao Bolong Genetic Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266041, China
| | - Yijun Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University (QAU), Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yanbo Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University (QAU), Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University (QAU), Qingdao, 266109, China
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Special Issue: Viral Infections in Companion Animals. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020320. [PMID: 35215913 PMCID: PMC8878503 DOI: 10.3390/v14020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Companion animals, such as cats, dogs, horses and exotic species, play an important role in society; more than 600 million cats and 900 million dogs live closely with humans worldwide [...].
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