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Wang D, Gao H, Zhao L, Lv C, Dou W, Zhang X, Liu Y, Kang X, Guo K. Detection of the dominant pathogens in diarrheal calves of Ningxia, China in 2021-2022. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1155061. [PMID: 37138922 PMCID: PMC10149748 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1155061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Calf diarrhea is a complex disease that has long been an unsolved problem in the cattle industry. Ningxia is at the forefront of China in the scale of cattle breeding, and calf diarrhea gravely restricts the development of Ningxia's cattle industry. Methods From July 2021 to May 2022, we collected diarrhea stool samples from calves aged 1-103 days from 23 farms in five cities in Ningxia, and performed PCR using specific primers for 15 major reported pathogens of calf diarrhea, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The effect of different seasons on the occurrence of diarrhea in calves was explored, the respective epidemic pathogens in different seasons were screened, and more detailed epidemiological investigations were carried out in Yinchuan and Wuzhong. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between different ages, river distributions and pathogen prevalence. Results Eventually, 10 pathogens were detected, of which 9 pathogens were pathogenic and 1 pathogen was non-pathogenic. The pathogens with the highest detection rate were Cryptosporidium (50.46%), Bovine rotavirus (BRV) (23.18%), Escherichia coli (E. coli) K99 (20.00%), and Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) (11.82%). The remaining pathogens such as Coccidia (6.90%), Bovine Astrovirus (BoAstV) (5.46%), Bovine Torovirus (BToV) (4.09%), and Bovine Kobuvirus (BKoV) (3.18%) primarily existed in the form of mixed infection. Discussion The analysis showed that different cities in Ningxia have different pathogens responsible for diarrhea, with Cryptosporidium and BRV being the most important pathogens responsible for diarrhea in calves in all cities. Control measures against those pathogens should be enforced to effectively prevent diarrhea in calves in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haihui Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Long Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changrong Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Dou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaodong Kang
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaodong Kang
| | - Kangkang Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
- Kangkang Guo
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Qin YF, Gong QL, Zhang M, Sun ZY, Wang W, Wei XY, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Jiang J. Prevalence of bovine rotavirus among Bovidae in China during 1984-2021: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105661. [PMID: 35817280 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bovine rotavirus (BRV) is a potential zoonotic intestinal pathogen that brings a serious threat to calf health, and has resulted in huge economic losses to China's breeding industry. Here, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of BRV among Bovidae from 1984 to 2021 in China. A total of 64 publications on BRV investigation in China were screened from the databases Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang Database, Technology Periodical Database (VIP), PubMed, and ScienceDirect. The random-effect model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence of BRV, and the analyzed data were derived from 25 provinces in China. The estimated pooled prevalence of BRV in China was 35.7% (8176/17,292). In addition, the prevalence of BRV in Southwestern China (77.1%; 2924/3600) was significantly higher than that in other regions of China. Regarding geographic and climatic factors, the prevalence of BRV in the subgroup of latitude 30-35° (76.8%; 3303/4659) was significantly higher than that in the subgroup of latitude less than 30° (37.0%; 485/1275) or more than 35° (32.6%; 1703/5722), while the prevalence of BRV in the subgroup of longitude 100-105° (75.4%; 2513/3849) was significantly higher than that in the subgroup of longitude less than 100° (32.6%; 619/2255) or more than 105° (48.9%; 2359/5552). Rainfall was positively correlated with the prevalence of BRV, whereas temperature was negatively correlated with the positive rate of BRV (P < 0.05). Our data showed that the prevalence of BRV was strongly correlated with geographical and climatic conditions. Thus, we recommend that the corresponding prevention and control programs should be formulated according to different geographical conditions. The strengthening of BRV surveillance in areas with high altitude, low temperature, and heavy rainfall may contribute to the decrease of the incidence of BRV infection among Bovidae herds in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Qin
- College of Life Science, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Shuangyang, Jilin Province, 130600, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, China
| | - Qing-Long Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Zheng-Yao Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, China.
| | - Quan Zhao
- College of Life Science, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Shuangyang, Jilin Province, 130600, China.
| | - Jing Jiang
- College of Life Science, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Shuangyang, Jilin Province, 130600, China.
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Cho HC, Kim EM, Shin SU, Park J, Choi KS. Molecular surveillance of rotavirus A associated with diarrheic calves from the Republic of Korea and full genomic characterization of bovine-porcine reassortant G5P[7] strain. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 100:105266. [PMID: 35276340 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Group A rotavirus (RVA) is the most common diarrhea-causing pathogen among humans and animals worldwide. Rotavirus infection in neonatal calves causes major problems in the livestock industry. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of bovine rotavirus (BoRVA) infections in calves with diarrhea and to perform whole genome analysis of an unusual strain, designated as RVA/Calf-wt/KOR/KNU-GJ2/2020/G5P[7], that was detected in a 2-day-old diarrheic calf. From 459 diarrheic calves aged 1-40 days, fecal samples were collected and BoRVA infections were screened using real-time RT-PCR targeting VP6 gene. BoRVA was detected in 195 (42.4%) samples and was most prevalent in calves aged 1-10 days (47.2%). No significant difference in the BoRVA infection rate was observed between calves born in herds that were (42.1%) and were not (42.6%) vaccinated against BoRVA. A binomial regression analysis revealed that calves aged 1-10 days (95% confidence intervals [CI]:1.18-24.34; P = 0.000) and 11-20 days (95% CI: 0.76-16.83, P = 0.000) had a 5.37- and 3.58-fold higher BoRVA prevalence in comparison to those aged 31-40 days, respectively. The RVA-positive samples were subsequently subjected to amplification of the VP7 and VP4 genes for determining G and P genotypes. Overall, 45 (23.1%, 45/195) and 63 (32.3, 63/195) sequences for VP7 and VP4 were obtained. In this study, four G and three P genotypes were identified. G6 (86.7%) was the most prevalent genotype, followed by G8 (8.9%), G10 (2.2%), and G5 (2.2%). P[5] (92.1%) was the most frequently detected, followed by P[11] (6.3%), and P[7] (1.6%). The G6P[5] (82.2%) is the most common combination found in Korean native calves with diarrhea, whereas G6P[11] (4.4%) and G10P[11] (2.2%) had relatively low prevalence. G8P[5] (8.9%) was identified for the first time in diarrheic calves in the KOR. The uncommon strain KNU-GJ2 exhibited a G5-P[7]-I5-R1-C1-M2-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1 genotype constellation possessing a typical porcine RVA backbone, with the exception of the VP3 gene, which is derived from bovine. Phylogenetically, except for VP3, ten gene segments of KNU-GJ2 were closely related to porcine, porcine-like, and reassortant bovine strains. Interestingly, the VP3-M2 gene of KNU-GJ2 clustered with bovine-like strains as well as reassortant porcine and bovine strains. Comparison of the NSP4s within a species-specific region of amino acids 131-141 demonstrated that KNU-GJ2 belonged to genotype B with porcine RVAs; however, it differed from porcine RVAs by one to three amino acids. The present study is fundamental to understanding the epidemiology and genotypes of circulating RVAs throughout the KOR and underscoring the importance of continuous monitoring and molecular characterization of RVAs circulating within animal populations for future vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Chul Cho
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Uk Shin
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seong Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea.
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Alotaibi MA, Al-Amad S, Chenari Bouket A, Al-Aqeel H, Haider E, Hijji AB, Belbahri L, Alenezi FN. High Occurrence Among Calves and Close Phylogenetic Relationships With Human Viruses Warrants Close Surveillance of Rotaviruses in Kuwaiti Dairy Farms. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:745934. [PMID: 35356787 PMCID: PMC8959109 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.745934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus, one of the main pathogens causing morbidity and mortality in neonatal dairy calves worldwide, is responsible for 30–44% of cattle deaths. It is considered to be the most common etiologic agent of diarrhea in neonatal dairy calves and children, the dominant type being group A. Two hundred seventy animals from 27 farms from 2 regions of Kuwait were tested for the presence of Rotavirus serogroup A (RVA) using latex agglutination test (LAT) and reverse transcription–polymerase chain (RT-PCR) testing. RVA non-structural proteins NSP1-2, NSP4-5 and capsid protein genes VP1-7 were characterized by next generation sequencing. LAT was positive in 15.56% of the animals, and RT-PCR in 28.89%. Using RT-PCR as a reference method, LAT was 100% specific but only 83.33% sensitive. ANOVA analysis showed correlation only with the location of the farms but no significant correlation with the age and sex of the animals. Although there was a tendency of clustering of RVA positive animals, it did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.035 for LAT). The phylogenetic analysis showed that Kuwaiti isolates of group A rotavirus clustered with human rotaviruses. Taken together, it seems that rotavirus was present in most of the dairy farms in Kuwait. The high occurrence of the virus in calves in Kuwaiti dairy farms and the close phylogenetic affinity with human isolates warrants urgent action to minimize and control its spread between calves in farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Alotaibi
- Biotechnology Program, Environmental and Life Sciences and Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- *Correspondence: Mohammad A. Alotaibi
| | - S. Al-Amad
- Biotechnology Program, Environmental and Life Sciences and Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ali Chenari Bouket
- East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Plant Protection Research Department, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran
| | - H. Al-Aqeel
- Biotechnology Program, Environmental and Life Sciences and Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - E. Haider
- Biotechnology Program, Environmental and Life Sciences and Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - A. Bin Hijji
- Biotechnology Program, Environmental and Life Sciences and Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Lassaad Belbahri
- Laboratory of Soil Biology, University of Neuchatel, Neuchatel, Switzerland
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da Silva MTL, Deodato RM, Villar LM. Exploring the potential usefulness of IgY for antiviral therapy: A current review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:785-791. [PMID: 34416265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin yolk (IgY) is therapeutic antibodies presented in yolk eggs of birds, reptiles, and amphibians. These proteins produced by the immune system of the animal, are capable of neutralizing antigenic molecules, including viral antigens, fulfilling a role in the body defense. The specificity of these antibodies and the facility for their production, make these molecules capable of being used as tools for diagnosis and immunotherapy. Regarding this last aspect, it is common knowledge that the field of virology, is racing against time in the development of new drugs and vaccines to try to contain pandemics and local epidemics and, in counterproposal, avian antibodies are neutralizing molecules that can help in the control and spread of disease. These molecules have been explored for years and currently chicken eggs are produced in large quantities from the animal's immunization against a specific pathogen. Thus, on this subject, this review made a survey of these researches and presents a summary of all the successful cases and perspectives in the use of IgYs as tools for viral immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raissa Martins Deodato
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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