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LaPointe A, Gale M, Kell AM. Orthohantavirus Replication in the Context of Innate Immunity. Viruses 2023; 15:1130. [PMID: 37243216 PMCID: PMC10220641 DOI: 10.3390/v15051130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses are rodent-borne, negative-sense RNA viruses that are capable of causing severe vascular disease in humans. Over the course of viral evolution, these viruses have tailored their replication cycles in such a way as to avoid and/or antagonize host innate immune responses. In the rodent reservoir, this results in life long asymptomatic infections. However, in hosts other than its co-evolved reservoir, the mechanisms for subduing the innate immune response may be less efficient or absent, potentially leading to disease and/or viral clearance. In the case of human orthohantavirus infection, the interaction of the innate immune response with viral replication is thought to give rise to severe vascular disease. The orthohantavirus field has made significant advancements in understanding how these viruses replicate and interact with host innate immune responses since their identification by Dr. Ho Wang Lee and colleagues in 1976. Therefore, the purpose of this review, as part of this special issue dedicated to Dr. Lee, was to summarize the current knowledge of orthohantavirus replication, how viral replication activates innate immunity, and how the host antiviral response, in turn, impacts viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn LaPointe
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, 915 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alison M. Kell
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, 915 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Menke L, Sperber HS, Aji AK, Chiantia S, Schwarzer R, Sieben C. Advances in fluorescence microscopy for orthohantavirus research. Microscopy (Oxf) 2023:6987530. [PMID: 36639937 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfac075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses are important zoonotic pathogens responsible for a considerable disease burden globally. Partly due to our incomplete understanding of orthohantavirus replication, there is currently no effective antiviral treatment available. Recently, novel microscopy techniques and cutting-edge, automated image analysis algorithms have emerged, enabling to study cellular, subcellular and even molecular processes in unprecedented detail and depth. To date, fluorescence light microscopy allows us to visualize viral and cellular components and macromolecular complexes in live cells which in turn enables the study of specific steps of the viral replication cycle such as particle entry or protein trafficking at high temporal and spatial resolution. In this review, we highlight how fluorescence microscopy has provided new insights and improved our understanding of orthohantavirus biology. We discuss technical challenges such as studying live infected cells, give alternatives with recombinant protein expression and highlight future opportunities for example the application of super-resolution microscopy techniques, which has shown great potential in studies of different cellular processes and viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Menke
- Nanoscale Infection Biology Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hannah S Sperber
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Amit Koikkarah Aji
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Physical Biochemistry, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Salvatore Chiantia
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Physical Biochemistry, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Roland Schwarzer
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Sieben
- Nanoscale Infection Biology Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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3
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Flórez-Álvarez L, de Souza EE, Botosso VF, de Oliveira DBL, Ho PL, Taborda CP, Palmisano G, Capurro ML, Pinho JRR, Ferreira HL, Minoprio P, Arruda E, de Souza Ferreira LC, Wrenger C, Durigon EL. Hemorrhagic fever viruses: Pathogenesis, therapeutics, and emerging and re-emerging potential. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1040093. [PMID: 36386719 PMCID: PMC9640979 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever viruses (HFVs) pose a threat to global public health owing to the emergence and re-emergence of highly fatal diseases. Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) caused by these viruses are mostly characterized by an acute febrile syndrome with coagulation abnormalities and generalized hemorrhage that may lead to life-threatening organ dysfunction. Currently, the events underlying the viral pathogenicity associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome still underexplored. In this minireview, we address the current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying VHFs pathogenesis and discuss the available development of preventive and therapeutic options to treat these infections. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of HFVs to cause worldwide emergencies along with factors that favor their spread beyond their original niches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paulo Lee Ho
- Virology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- Albert Einstein Institute for Teaching and Research (IIEP), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil,Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Lage Ferreira
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eurico Arruda
- Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos de Souza Ferreira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carsten Wrenger
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Carsten Wrenger, ; Edison Luiz Durigon,
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Carsten Wrenger, ; Edison Luiz Durigon,
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Gallo G, Kotlik P, Roingeard P, Monot M, Chevreux G, Ulrich RG, Tordo N, Ermonval M. Diverse susceptibilities and responses of human and rodent cells to orthohantavirus infection reveal different levels of cellular restriction. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010844. [PMID: 36223391 PMCID: PMC9591050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses are rodent-borne emerging viruses that may cause severe diseases in humans but no apparent pathology in their small mammal reservoirs. However, the mechanisms leading to tolerance or pathogenicity in humans and persistence in rodent reservoirs are poorly understood, as is the manner in which they spread within and between organisms. Here, we used a range of cellular and molecular approaches to investigate the interactions of three different orthohantaviruses-Puumala virus (PUUV), responsible for a mild to moderate form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans, Tula virus (TULV) with low pathogenicity, and non-pathogenic Prospect Hill virus (PHV)-with human and rodent host cell lines. Besides the fact that cell susceptibility to virus infection was shown to depend on the cell type and virus strain, the three orthohantaviruses were able to infect Vero E6 and HuH7 human cells, but only the former secreted infectious particles. In cells derived from PUUV reservoir, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus), PUUV achieved a complete viral cycle, while TULV did not enter the cells and PHV infected them but did not produce infectious particles, reflecting differences in host specificity. A search for mature virions by electron microscopy (EM) revealed that TULV assembly occurred in part at the plasma membrane, whereas PHV particles were trapped in autophagic vacuoles in cells of the heterologous rodent host. We described differential interactions of orthohantaviruses with cellular factors, as supported by the cellular distribution of viral nucleocapsid protein with cell compartments, and proteomics identification of cellular partners. Our results also showed that interferon (IFN) dependent gene expression was regulated in a cell and virus species dependent manner. Overall, our study highlighted the complexity of the host-virus relationship and demonstrated that orthohantaviruses are restricted at different levels of the viral cycle. In addition, the study opens new avenues to further investigate how these viruses differ in their interactions with cells to evade innate immunity and how it depends on tissue type and host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gallo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Département de Virologie, Unité des Stratégies Antivirales, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Doctorale Complexité du Vivant, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (ME); (GG)
| | - Petr Kotlik
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Philippe Roingeard
- INSERM U1259 et plateforme IBISA de Microscopie Electronique, Université et CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Marc Monot
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biomics Platform, C2RT, Paris, France
| | | | - Rainer G. Ulrich
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Noël Tordo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Département de Virologie, Unité des Stratégies Antivirales, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conakry, Guinée
| | - Myriam Ermonval
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Département de Virologie, Unité des Stratégies Antivirales, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (ME); (GG)
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Welke RW, Sperber HS, Bergmann R, Koikkarah A, Menke L, Sieben C, Krüger DH, Chiantia S, Herrmann A, Schwarzer R. Characterization of Hantavirus N Protein Intracellular Dynamics and Localization. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030457. [PMID: 35336863 PMCID: PMC8954124 DOI: 10.3390/v14030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses are enveloped viruses that possess a tri-segmented, negative-sense RNA genome. The viral S-segment encodes the multifunctional nucleocapsid protein (N), which is involved in genome packaging, intracellular protein transport, immunoregulation, and several other crucial processes during hantavirus infection. In this study, we generated fluorescently tagged N protein constructs derived from Puumalavirus (PUUV), the dominant hantavirus species in Central, Northern, and Eastern Europe. We comprehensively characterized this protein in the rodent cell line CHO-K1, monitoring the dynamics of N protein complex formation and investigating co-localization with host proteins as well as the viral glycoproteins Gc and Gn. We observed formation of large, fibrillar PUUV N protein aggregates, rapidly coalescing from early punctate and spike-like assemblies. Moreover, we found significant spatial correlation of N with vimentin, actin, and P-bodies but not with microtubules. N constructs also co-localized with Gn and Gc albeit not as strongly as the glycoproteins associated with each other. Finally, we assessed oligomerization of N constructs, observing efficient and concentration-dependent multimerization, with complexes comprising more than 10 individual proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert-William Welke
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Humboldt University, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (R.-W.W.); (R.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Hannah Sabeth Sperber
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Ronny Bergmann
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Humboldt University, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (R.-W.W.); (R.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Amit Koikkarah
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (A.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Laura Menke
- Nanoscale Infection Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (L.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Christian Sieben
- Nanoscale Infection Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (L.M.); (C.S.)
- Institute for Genetics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Detlev H. Krüger
- Institut für Virologie, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Gliedkörperschaft der Freien Universität Berlin und der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Salvatore Chiantia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (A.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Humboldt University, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (R.-W.W.); (R.B.); (A.H.)
- Biophysikalische Chemie, Freie Universität, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Schwarzer
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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Zhang Y, Ma R, Wang Y, Sun W, Yang Z, Han M, Han T, Wu XA, Liu R. Viruses Run: The Evasion Mechanisms of the Antiviral Innate Immunity by Hantavirus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:759198. [PMID: 34659193 PMCID: PMC8516094 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.759198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantavirus can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Eurasia and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in America, with high mortality and unknown mechanisms. Innate immunity is the host's first-line defense to bridge the acquired immunity against viral infections. However, hantavirus has evolved various strategies in both molecular and cellular aspects to evade the host's natural immune surveillance. The Interferon-I (IFN-I) signaling pathway, a central link of host defense, induces various antiviral proteins to control the infection. This paper summarizes the molecular mechanisms of hantavirus evasion mechanisms of the IFN signaling pathway and cellular processes such as regulated cell death and cell stress. Besides, hantavirus could also evade immune surveillance evasion through cellular mechanisms, such as upregulating immune checkpoint molecules interfering with viral infections. Understanding hantavirus's antiviral immune evasion mechanisms will deepen our understanding of its pathogenesis and help us develop more effective methods to control and eliminate hantavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi΄an, China
| | - Ruixue Ma
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi΄an, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi΄an, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi΄an, China
| | - Ziwei Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi΄an, China
| | - Mingwei Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi΄an, China
| | - Tixin Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi΄an, China
| | - Xing-an Wu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi΄an, China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi΄an, China
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Kell AM. Innate Immunity to Orthohantaviruses: Could Divergent Immune Interactions Explain Host-specific Disease Outcomes? J Mol Biol 2021; 434:167230. [PMID: 34487792 PMCID: PMC8894506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The genus Orthohantavirus (family Hantaviridae, order Bunyavirales) consists of numerous genetic and pathologically distinct viral species found within rodent and mammalian insectivore populations world-wide. Although reservoir hosts experience persistent asymptomatic infection, numerous rodent-borne orthohantaviruses cause severe disease when transmitted to humans, with case-fatality rates up to 40%. The first isolation of an orthohantavirus occurred in 1976 and, since then, the field has made significant progress in understanding the immune correlates of disease, viral interactions with the human innate immune response, and the immune kinetics of reservoir hosts. Much still remains elusive regarding the molecular mechanisms of orthohantavirus recognition by the innate immune response and viral antagonism within the reservoir host, however. This review provides a summary of the last 45 years of research into orthohantavirus interaction with the host innate immune response. This summary includes discussion of current knowledge involving human, non-reservoir rodent, and reservoir innate immune responses to viruses which cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus cardio-pulmonary syndrome. Review of the literature concludes with a brief proposition for the development of novel tools needed to drive forward investigations into the molecular mechanisms of innate immune activation and consequences for disease outcomes in the various hosts for orthohantaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Kell
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, 915 Camino de Salud, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
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Binder F, Gallo G, Bendl E, Eckerle I, Ermonval M, Luttermann C, Ulrich RG. Inhibition of interferon I induction by non-structural protein NSs of Puumala virus and other vole-associated orthohantaviruses: phenotypic plasticity of the protein and potential functional domains. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2999-3012. [PMID: 34389893 PMCID: PMC8362652 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The orthohantavirus Puumala virus (PUUV), which is transmitted by bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus), and other vole-borne hantaviruses contain in their small (S) genome segment two overlapping open reading frames, coding for the nucleocapsid protein and the non-structural protein NSs, a putative type I interferon (IFN-I) antagonist. To investigate the role of NSs of PUUV and other orthohantaviruses, the expression pattern of recombinant NSs constructs and their ability to inhibit human IFN-I promoter activity were investigated. The NSs proteins of PUUV and related cricetid-borne orthohantaviruses showed strong inhibition of IFN-I promoter induction. We identified protein products originating from three and two methionine initiation codons in the NSs ORF of PUUV during transfection and infection, respectively. The three putative start codons are conserved in all PUUV strains analysed. Translation initiation at these start codons influenced the inhibitory activity of the NSs products, with the wild-type (wt) construct expressing two proteins starting at the first and second methionine and showing strong inhibition activity. Analysis of in vitro-generated variants and naturally occurring PUUV NSs proteins indicated that amino acid variation in the NSs protein is well tolerated, suggesting its phenotypic plasticity. The N-terminal 20-amino-acid region of the NSs protein was found to be associated with strong inhibition and to be highly vulnerable to amino acid exchanges and tag fusions. Infection studies using human, bank vole, and Vero E6 cells did not show obvious differences in the replication capacity of PUUV Sotkamo wt and a strain with a truncated NSs protein (NSs21Stop), showing that the lack of a full-length NSs might be compensated by its N-terminal peptide, as seen in transfection experiments. These results contribute to our understanding of virus-host interactions and highlight the importance of future innate immunity studies in reservoir hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Binder
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Giulia Gallo
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Antiviral Strategies, Paris, France
| | - Elias Bendl
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.,University Hospital Freiburg, Institute of Virology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Isabella Eckerle
- University of Bonn, Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany.,Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Ermonval
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Antiviral Strategies, Paris, France
| | - Christine Luttermann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Immunology, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Rainer G Ulrich
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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