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Nyenhuis DA, Watanabe S, Bernstein R, Swenson RE, Raju N, Sabbasani VR, Mushti C, Lee D, Carter C, Tjandra N. Structural Relationships to Efficacy for Prazole-Derived Antivirals. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308312. [PMID: 38447164 PMCID: PMC11095225 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Here, an in vitro characterization of a family of prazole derivatives that covalently bind to the C73 site on Tsg101 and assay their ability to inhibit viral particle production is presented. Structurally, increased steric bulk on the 4-pyridyl of the prazole expands the prazole site on the UEV domain toward the β-hairpin in the Ub-binding site and is coupled to increased inhibition of virus-like particle production in HIV-1. Increased bulk also increased toxicity, which is alleviated by increasing flexibility. Further, the formation of a novel secondary Tsg101 adduct for several of the tested compounds and the commercial drug lansoprazole. The secondary adduct involved the loss of the 4-pyridyl substituent to form an irreversible species, with implications for increasing the half-life of the active species or its specificity toward Tsg101 UEV. It is also determined that sulfide derivatives display effective viral inhibition, presumably through cellular sulfoxidation, allowing for delayed conversion within the cellular environment, and identify SARS-COV-2 as a target of prazole inhibition. These results open multiple avenues for the design of prazole derivatives for antiviral applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Nyenhuis
- Biochemistry and Biophysics CenterNHLBINIH50 South Drive, Bld 50, Rm 3503BethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Susan Watanabe
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyRenaissance School of MedicineStonybrook UniversityLife Sciences Bldg, Rm 248StonybrookNY11790USA
| | - Rebecca Bernstein
- Biochemistry and Biophysics CenterNHLBINIH50 South Drive, Bld 50, Rm 3503BethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Rolf E. Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis CenterNHLBINIH9800 Medical Center Drive, Bldg B, #2034RockvilleMD20850USA
| | - Natarajan Raju
- Chemistry and Synthesis CenterNHLBINIH9800 Medical Center Drive, Bldg B, #2034RockvilleMD20850USA
| | - Venkata R. Sabbasani
- Chemistry and Synthesis CenterNHLBINIH9800 Medical Center Drive, Bldg B, #2034RockvilleMD20850USA
| | - Chandrasekhar Mushti
- Chemistry and Synthesis CenterNHLBINIH9800 Medical Center Drive, Bldg B, #2034RockvilleMD20850USA
| | - Duck‐Yeon Lee
- Biochemistry Core FacilityNHLBINIHBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Carol Carter
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyRenaissance School of MedicineStonybrook UniversityLife Sciences Bldg, Rm 248StonybrookNY11790USA
| | - Nico Tjandra
- Biochemistry and Biophysics CenterNHLBINIH50 South Drive, Bld 50, Rm 3503BethesdaMD20892USA
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Dai J, Feng Y, Liao Y, Tan L, Sun Y, Song C, Qiu X, Ding C. ESCRT machinery and virus infection. Antiviral Res 2024; 221:105786. [PMID: 38147902 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery plays a significant role in the spread of human viruses. However, our understanding of how the host ESCRT machinery responds to viral infection remains limited. Emerging evidence suggests that the ESCRT machinery can be hijacked by viruses of different families to enhance their replication. Throughout their life cycle, these viruses can interfere with or exploit ESCRT-mediated physiological processes to increase their chances of infecting the host. In contrast, to counteract virus infection, the interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) or the E3 ISG15-protein ligase (HERC5) system within the infected cells is activated to degrade the ESCRT proteins. Many retroviral and RNA viral proteins have evolved "late (L) domain" motifs, which enable them to recruit host ESCRT subunit proteins to facilitate virus transport, replication, budding, mature, and even endocytosis, Therefore, the L domain motifs and ESCRT subunit proteins could serve as promising drug targets for antiviral therapy. This review investigated the composition and essential functions of the ESCRT, shedding light on the impact of ESCRT subunits and viral L domain motifs on the replication of viruses. Furthermore, the antiviral effects facilitated by the ESCRT machinery have been investigated, aiming to provide valuable insights to guide the development and utilization of antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dai
- Experimental Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, China; Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Yiyi Feng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Ying Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Lei Tan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Cuiping Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Nyenhuis DA, Rajasekaran R, Watanabe S, Strub MP, Khan M, Powell M, Carter CA, Tjandra N. HECT domain interaction with ubiquitin binding sites on Tsg101-UEV controls HIV-1 egress, maturation, and infectivity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102901. [PMID: 36642186 PMCID: PMC9944984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The HECT domain of HECT E3 ligases consists of flexibly linked N- and C-terminal lobes, with a ubiquitin (Ub) donor site on the C-lobe that is directly involved in substrate modification. HECT ligases also possess a secondary Ub binding site in the N-lobe, which is thought to play a role in processivity, specificity, or regulation. Here, we report the use of paramagnetic solution NMR to characterize a complex formed between the isolated HECT domain of neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4-1 and the ubiquitin E2 variant (UEV) domain of tumor susceptibility gene 101 (Tsg101). Both proteins are involved in endosomal trafficking, a process driven by Ub signaling, and are hijacked by viral pathogens for particle assembly; however, a direct interaction between them has not been described, and the mechanism by which the HECT E3 ligase contributes to pathogen formation has not been elucidated. We provide evidence for their association, consisting of multiple sites on the neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4-1 HECT domain and elements of the Tsg101 UEV domain involved in noncovalent ubiquitin binding. Furthermore, we show using an established reporter assay that HECT residues perturbed by UEV proximity define determinants of viral maturation and infectivity. These results suggest the UEV interaction is a determinant of HECT activity in Ub signaling. As the endosomal trafficking pathway is hijacked by several human pathogens for egress, the HECT-UEV interaction could represent a potential novel target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Nyenhuis
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rohith Rajasekaran
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Watanabe
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Marie-Paule Strub
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mahfuz Khan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael Powell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carol A. Carter
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA,For correspondence: Nico Tjandra; Carol A. Carter
| | - Nico Tjandra
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Abstract
Ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification that regulates a multitude of cellular functions. Pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, have evolved sophisticated mechanisms that evade or counteract ubiquitin-dependent host responses, or even exploit the ubiquitin system to their own advantage. This is largely done by numerous pathogen virulence factors that encode E3 ligases and deubiquitinases, which are often used as weapons in pathogen-host cell interactions. Moreover, upon pathogen attack, host cellular signaling networks undergo major ubiquitin-dependent changes to protect the host cell, including coordination of innate immunity, remodeling of cellular organelles, reorganization of the cytoskeleton, and reprogramming of metabolic pathways to restrict growth of the pathogen. Here we provide mechanistic insights into ubiquitin regulation of host-pathogen interactions and how it affects bacterial and viral pathogenesis and the organization and response of the host cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukmini Mukherjee
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; .,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; .,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Branch Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt, Germany
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Yoon EJ, Choi Y, Kim TM, Choi EK, Kim YB, Park D. The Neuroprotective Effects of Exosomes Derived from TSG101-Overexpressing Human Neural Stem Cells in a Stroke Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179532. [PMID: 36076942 PMCID: PMC9455780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although tissue-type plasminogen activator was approved by the FDA for early reperfusion of occluded vessels, there is a need for an effective neuroprotective drug for stroke patients. In this study, we established tumor susceptibility gene (TSG)101-overexpressing human neural stem cells (F3.TSG) and investigated whether they showed enhanced secretion of exosomes and whether treatment with exosomes during reperfusion alleviated ischemia-reperfusion-mediated brain damage. F3.TSG cells secreted higher amounts of exosomes than the parental F3 cells. In N2A cells subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD), treatment with exosomes or coculture with F3.TSG cells significantly attenuated lactate dehydrogenase release, the mRNA expression of proinflammatory factors, and the protein expression of DNA-damage-related proteins. In a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model, treatment with exosomes, F3 cells, or F3.TSG cells after 2 h of occlusion followed by reperfusion reduced the infarction volume and suppressed inflammatory cytokines, DNA-damage-related proteins, and glial fibrillary acidic protein, and upregulated several neurotrophic factors. Thus, TSG101-overexpressing neural stem cells showed enhanced exosome secretion; exosome treatment protected against MCAO-induced brain damage via anti-inflammatory activities, DNA damage pathway inhibition, and growth/trophic factor induction. Therefore, exosomes and F3.TSG cells can affect neuroprotection and functional recovery in acute stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Yoon
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Korea
- Department of Counseling, Health, and Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, One University Way, San Antonio, TX 78224, USA
| | - Yunseo Choi
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Korea
| | - Tae Myoung Kim
- Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28576, Korea
| | - Ehn-Kyoung Choi
- Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28576, Korea
| | - Yun-Bae Kim
- Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28576, Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Dongsun Park
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-230-3652
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Tsg101/ESCRT-I recruitment regulated by the dual binding modes of K63-linked diubiquitin. Structure 2022; 30:289-299.e6. [PMID: 35120596 PMCID: PMC10015442 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The ESCRT-I protein Tsg101 plays a critical role in viral budding and endocytic sorting. Although Tsg101 is known to recognize monoubiquitin (Ub1), here we show that it can also bind several diubiquitins (K48-Ub2, N-Ub2, and K63-Ub2), with a preference for K63-linked Ub2. The NMR structure of the Tsg101:K63-Ub2 complex showed that while the Ub1-binding site accommodates the distal domain of Ub2, the proximal domain alternatively binds two different sites, the vestigial active site and an N-terminal helix. Mutation of each site results in distinct phenotypes regarding the recruitment of Tsg101 partners. Mutation in the vestigial active site abrogates interaction between Tsg101 and the HIV-1 protein Gag but not Hrs, a cellular protein. Mutation at the N-terminal helix alters Gag but not Hrs-Tsg101 localization. Given the broad involvement of Tsg101 in diverse cellular functions, this discovery advances our understanding of how the ESCRT protein recognizes binding partners and sorts endocytic cargo.
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Novel Tsg101 Binding Partners Regulate Viral L Domain Trafficking. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061147. [PMID: 34203832 PMCID: PMC8232796 DOI: 10.3390/v13061147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Two decades ago, Tsg101, a component of the Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT) complex 1, was identified as a cellular factor recruited by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to facilitate budding of viral particles assembled at the cell periphery. A highly conserved Pro-(Thr/Ser)-Ala-Pro [P(T/S)AP] motif in the HIV-1 structural polyprotein, Gag, engages a P(T/S)AP-binding pocket in the Tsg101 N-terminal domain. Since the same domain in Tsg101 that houses the pocket was found to bind mono-ubiquitin (Ub) non-covalently, Ub binding was speculated to enhance P(T/S)AP interaction. Within the past five years, we found that the Ub-binding site also accommodates di-Ub, with Lys63-linked di-Ub exhibiting the highest affinity. We also identified small molecules capable of disrupting Ub binding and inhibiting budding. The structural similarity of these molecules, prazoles, to nucleosides prompted testing for nucleic acid binding and led to identification of tRNA as a Tsg101 binding partner. Here, we discuss these recently identified interactions and their contribution to the viral assembly process. These new partners may provide additional insight into the control and function of Tsg101 as well as identify opportunities for anti-viral drug design.
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