1
|
Liu K, Wang C, Zhou X, Guo X, Yang Y, Liu W, Zhao R, Song H. Bacteriophage therapy for drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1336821. [PMID: 38357445 PMCID: PMC10864608 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1336821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus stands as a prominent pathogen in nosocomial and community-acquired infections, capable of inciting various infections at different sites in patients. This includes Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SaB), which exhibits a severe infection frequently associated with significant mortality rate of approximately 25%. In the absence of better alternative therapies, antibiotics is still the main approach for treating infections. However, excessive use of antibiotics has, in turn, led to an increase in antimicrobial resistance. Hence, it is imperative that new strategies are developed to control drug-resistant S. aureus infections. Bacteriophages are viruses with the ability to infect bacteria. Bacteriophages, were used to treat bacterial infections before the advent of antibiotics, but were subsequently replaced by antibiotics due to limited theoretical understanding and inefficient preparation processes at the time. Recently, phages have attracted the attention of many researchers again because of the serious problem of antibiotic resistance. This article provides a comprehensive overview of phage biology, animal models, diverse clinical case treatments, and clinical trials in the context of drug-resistant S. aureus phage therapy. It also assesses the strengths and limitations of phage therapy and outlines the future prospects and research directions. This review is expected to offer valuable insights for researchers engaged in phage-based treatments for drug-resistant S. aureus infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Zhou
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- College of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wanying Liu
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Rongtao Zhao
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Song
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- College of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Choe J, Kim SH, Han JM, Kim JH, Kwak MS, Jeong DW, Park MK. Prevalence of Indigenous Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella Isolates and Their Application to Explore a Lytic Phage vB_SalS_KFSSM with an Intra-Broad Specificity. J Microbiol 2023; 61:1063-1073. [PMID: 38165607 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The consumption of fresh produce has led to increase in antibiotic-resistant (AR) Salmonella outbreaks. In this study, indigenous Salmonella was isolated from a total of two hundred-two samples including fresh produce and agricultural environmental samples in Korea. After biochemical confirmation using the Indole, Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate tests, presumable Salmonella isolates were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Identified Salmonella isolates were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility against twenty-two antibiotics. The specificity and the efficiency of plating (EOP) of vB_SalS_KFSSM were evaluated against fifty-three bacterial strains. Twenty-five suspected Salmonella were isolated and confirmed by the positive result for methyl red and citrate, of which ten were identified as Salmonella spp. through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Eight Salmonella isolates (4.0%, n = 8/202) were resistant to at least one antibiotic, among which five were multi-drug resistant. As a lytic phage against Salmonella spp. CMGS-1, vB_SalS_KFSSM was isolated from cow manure. The phage was observed as a tailed phage belonging to the class Caudoviricetes. It exhibited an intra-broad specificity against four indigenous AR Salmonella isolates, two indigenous Salmonella isolates, and five other Salmonella serotypes with great efficiencies (EOP ≥ 0.75). Thus, this study suggested the potential of vB_SalS_KFSSM to combat indigenous AR Salmonella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaein Choe
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyeon Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Han
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- KookminBio Corporation, Seoul, 02826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Kwak
- KookminBio Corporation, Seoul, 02826, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Won Jeong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Park
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yao L, Bao Y, Hu J, Zhang B, Wang Z, Wang X, Guo W, Wang D, Qi J, Tian M, Bao Y, Li H, Wang S. A lytic phage to control multidrug-resistant avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1253815. [PMID: 37743864 PMCID: PMC10513416 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1253815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. Bacteriophages (phages) have gained renewed attention as promising alternatives or supplements to antibiotics. In this study, a lytic avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) phage designated as PEC9 was isolated and purified from chicken farm feces samples. The morphology, genomic information, optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI), one-step growth curve, thermal stability, pH stability, in vitro antibacterial ability and biofilm formation inhibition ability of the phage were determined. Subsequently, the therapeutic effects of the phages were investigated in the mice model. The results showed that PEC9 was a member of the siphovirus-like by electron microscopy observation. Biological characterization revealed that it could lyse two serotypes of E. coli, including O1 (9/20) and O2 (6/20). The optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) of phage PEC9 was 0.1. Phage PEC9 had a latent period of 20 min and a burst period of 40 min, with an average burst size of 68 plaque-forming units (PFUs)/cell. It maintained good lytic activity at pH 3-11 and 4-50°C and could efficiently inhibit the bacterial planktonic cell growth and biofilm formation, and reduce bacterial counts within the biofilm, when the MOI was 0.01, 0.1, and 1, respectively. Whole-genome sequencing showed that PEC9 was a dsDNA virus with a genome of 44379 bp and GC content of 54.39%. The genome contains 56 putative ORFs and no toxin, virulence, or resistance-related genes were detected. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that PEC9 is closely related to E. coli phages vB_EcoS_Zar3M, vB_EcoS_PTXU06, SECphi18, ZCEC10, and ZCEC11, but most of these phages exhibit different gene arrangement. The phage PEC9 could successfully protect mice against APEC infection, including improved survival rate, reduced bacterial loads, and organ lesions. To conclude, our results suggest that phage PEC9 may be a promising candidate that can be used as an alternative to antibiotics in the control of APEC infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinli Bao
- Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis of Fujian Province University, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Fujian, China
| | - Jiangang Hu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyang Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqi Guo
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxing Tian
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqing Bao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihua Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Yuan W, Wang D, Zhu W. Biological and genomic characterization of a polyvalent bacteriophage (S19cd) strongly inhibiting Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis. Vet Microbiol 2023; 284:109822. [PMID: 37437367 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages are a promising alternative for the control of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we isolated a virulent bacteriophage, S19cd, from pig gut that could infect both a non-pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli 44 (EC44) and two pathogenic bacterial strains (ATCC 13312 (SC13312) and CICC 21493 (SC21493)) of Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis (SC). S19cd exhibited strong lytic ability in both SC13312 and SC21493 with an optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10-6 and 10-5, respectively, and inhibited their growth at an MOI of 10-7 within 24 h. Mice pre-treated with S19cd exhibited protection against the SC13312 challenge. Moreover, S19cd has good heat resistance (80 ℃) and pH tolerance (pH 3-12). Genome analysis revealed that S19cd belongs to the Felixounavirus genus and does not contain any virulence or drug-resistance-related genes. Additionally, S19cd encodes an adenine-specific methyltransferase that has no similarity to methyltransferases from other Felixounavirus phages and shares limited similarity with other methyltransferases in the NCBI protein database. Metagenomic analysis of S19cd genomes from 500 pigs revealed that S19cd-like phages may be widespread in Chinese pig gut. In conclusion, S19cd can be a potential phage therapy targeting SC infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yankun Liu
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenyuan Yuan
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dongyang Wang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li R, Li Z, Huang C, Ding Y, Wang J, Wang X. Phage-Based Biosensing for Rapid and Specific Detection of Staphylococcus aureus. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2098. [PMID: 37630658 PMCID: PMC10458643 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major foodborne pathogen. Rapid and specific detection is crucial for controlling staphylococcal food poisoning. This study reported a Staphylococcus phage named LSA2302 showing great potential for applications in the rapid detection of S. aureus. Its biological characteristics were identified, including growth properties and stability under different pH and temperature conditions. The genomic analysis revealed that the phage has no genes associated with pathogenicity or drug resistance. Then, the phage-functionalized magnetic beads (pMB), serving as a biological recognition element, were integrated with ATP bioluminescence assays to establish a biosensing method for S. aureus detection. The pMB enrichment brought high specificity and a tenfold increase in analytical sensitivity during detection. The whole detection process could be completed within 30 min, with a broad linear range of 1 × 104 to 1 × 108 CFU/mL and a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.43 × 103 CFU/mL. After a 2 h pre-cultivation, this method is capable of detecting bacteria as low as 1 CFU/mL. The recoveries of S. aureus in spiked skim milk and chicken samples were 81.07% to 99.17% and 86.98% to 104.62%, respectively. Our results indicated that phage-based biosensing can contribute to the detection of target pathogens in foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruining Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chenxi Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yifeng Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
RecT Affects Prophage Lifestyle and Host Core Cellular Processes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0106822. [PMID: 36073944 PMCID: PMC9499030 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01068-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a notorious pathogen that causes various nosocomial infections. Several prophage genes located on the chromosomes of P. aeruginosa have been reported to contribute to bacterial pathogenesis via host phenotype transformations, such as serotype conversion and antibiotic resistance. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanism behind host phenotype shifts induced by prophage genes remains largely unknown. Here, we report a systematic study around a hypothetical recombinase, Pg54 (RecT), located on a 48-kb putative prophage (designated PP9W) of a clinical P. aeruginosa strain P9W. Using a ΔrecT mutant (designated P9D), we found that RecT promoted prophage PP9W excision and gene transcription via the inhibition of the gene expression level of pg40, which encodes a CI-like repressor protein. Further transcriptomic profiling and various phenotypic tests showed that RecT modulated like a suppressor to some transcription factors and vital genes of diverse cellular processes, providing multiple advantages for the host, including cell growth, biofilm formation, and virulence. The versatile functions of RecT hint at a strong impact of phage proteins on host P. aeruginosa phenotypic flexibility. IMPORTANCE Multidrug-resistant and metabolically versatile P. aeruginosa are difficult to eradicate by anti-infective therapy and frequently lead to significant morbidity and mortality. This study characterizes a putative recombinase (RecT) encoded by a prophage of a clinical P. aeruginosa strain isolated from severely burned patients, altering prophage lifestyle and host core cellular processes. It implies the potential role of RecT in the coevolution arm race between bacteria and phage. The excised free phages from the chromosome of host bacteria can be used as weapons against other sensitive competitors in diverse environments, which may increase the lysogeny frequency of different P. aeruginosa subgroups. Subsequent analyses revealed that RecT both positively and negatively affects different phenotypic traits of the host. These findings concerning RecT functions of host phenotypic flexibility improve our understanding of the association between phage recombinases and clinical P. aeruginosa, providing new insight into mitigating the pathogen infection.
Collapse
|