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Trifonova I, Korsun N, Madzharova I, Alexiev I, Ivanov I, Levterova V, Grigorova L, Stoikov I, Donchev D, Christova I. Epidemiological and Genetic Characteristics of Respiratory Viral Coinfections with Different Variants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Viruses 2024; 16:958. [PMID: 38932250 PMCID: PMC11209099 DOI: 10.3390/v16060958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the incidence and etiological, seasonal, and genetic characteristics of respiratory viral coinfections involving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Between October 2020 and January 2024, nasopharyngeal samples were collected from 2277 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. Two multiplex approaches were used to detect and sequence SARS-CoV-2, influenza A/B viruses, and other seasonal respiratory viruses: multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and multiplex next-generation sequencing. Coinfections of SARS-CoV-2 with other respiratory viruses were detected in 164 (7.2%) patients. The most common co-infecting virus was respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (38 cases, 1.7%), followed by bocavirus (BoV) (1.2%) and rhinovirus (RV) (1.1%). Patients ≤ 16 years of age had the highest rate (15%) of mixed infections. Whole-genome sequencing produced 19 complete genomes of seasonal respiratory viral co-pathogens, which were subjected to phylogenetic and amino acid analyses. The detected influenza viruses were classified into the genetic groups 6B.1A.5a.2a and 6B.1A.5a.2a.1 for A(H1N1)pdm09, 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.1 and 3C.2a.2b for A(H3N2), and V1A.3a.2 for the B/Victoria lineage. The RSV-B sequences belonged to the genetic group GB5.0.5a, with HAdV-C belonging to type 1, BoV to genotype VP1, and PIV3 to lineage 1a(i). Multiple amino acid substitutions were identified, including at the antibody-binding sites. This study provides insights into respiratory viral coinfections involving SARS-CoV-2 and reinforces the importance of genetic characterization of co-pathogens in the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivelina Trifonova
- Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria; (N.K.); (I.M.); (I.A.); (L.G.); (I.C.)
| | - Neli Korsun
- Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria; (N.K.); (I.M.); (I.A.); (L.G.); (I.C.)
| | - Iveta Madzharova
- Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria; (N.K.); (I.M.); (I.A.); (L.G.); (I.C.)
| | - Ivailo Alexiev
- Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria; (N.K.); (I.M.); (I.A.); (L.G.); (I.C.)
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Microbiology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (V.L.); (I.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Viktoria Levterova
- Department of Microbiology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (V.L.); (I.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Lyubomira Grigorova
- Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria; (N.K.); (I.M.); (I.A.); (L.G.); (I.C.)
| | - Ivan Stoikov
- Department of Microbiology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (V.L.); (I.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Dean Donchev
- Department of Microbiology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (V.L.); (I.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Iva Christova
- Department of Virology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria; (N.K.); (I.M.); (I.A.); (L.G.); (I.C.)
- Department of Microbiology, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (V.L.); (I.S.); (D.D.)
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Peng L, Yang F, Shi J, Pan L, Liu Y, Mao D, Luo Y. Molecular characterization of human bocavirus in municipal wastewaters using amplicon target sequencing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170674. [PMID: 38316309 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is an emerging health concern worldwide, associated with range of clinical manifestations, including gastroenteritis and respiratory infections. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend and minimize their prevalence in different systems. In this study, we conducted regular sampling throughout the year in two different sizes and work processes of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Tianjin, China. Our objective was to investigate the occurrence, prevalence, and endurance of HBoV in wastewater, while also evaluating the efficacy of amplicon target sequencing in directly detecting HBoV in wastewater. At two WWTPs, HBoV2 (45.51 %-45.67 %) and HBoV3 (38.30 %-40.25 %) were the most common genotypes identified, and the mean concentration range of HBoV was 2.54-7.40 log10 equivalent copies/l as determined by multiplex real-time quantitative PCR assay. A positive rate of HBoV was found in 96.6 % (29/30) samples of A-WWTP, and 96.6 % (26/27) samples of B-WWTP. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the nucleotide similarity between the HBoV DNA sequences to the reference HBoV sequences published globally ranged from 90.14 %-100 %. A significant variation in the read abundance of HBoV2 and HBoV3 in two wastewater treatment plants (p < 0.05) was detected, specifically in the Winter and Summer seasons. The findings revealed a strong correlation between the genotypes detected in wastewater and the clinical data across various regions in China. In addition, it is worth mentioning that HBoV4 was exclusively detected in wastewater and not found in the clinical samples from patients. This study highlights the high prevalence of human bocavirus in municipal wastewater. This finding illustrates that amplicon target sequencing can amplify a wide variety of viruses, enabling the identification of newly discovered viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fengxia Yang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Jingliang Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Liuzhu Pan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Daqing Mao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yi Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing university, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Li Y, Miyani B, Faust RA, David RE, Xagoraraki I. A broad wastewater screening and clinical data surveillance for virus-related diseases in the metropolitan Detroit area in Michigan. Hum Genomics 2024; 18:14. [PMID: 38321488 PMCID: PMC10845806 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodic bioinformatics-based screening of wastewater for assessing the diversity of potential human viral pathogens circulating in a given community may help to identify novel or potentially emerging infectious diseases. Any identified contigs related to novel or emerging viruses should be confirmed with targeted wastewater and clinical testing. RESULTS During the COVID-19 pandemic, untreated wastewater samples were collected for a 1-year period from the Great Lakes Water Authority Wastewater Treatment Facility in Detroit, MI, USA, and viral population diversity from both centralized interceptor sites and localized neighborhood sewersheds was investigated. Clinical cases of the diseases caused by human viruses were tabulated and compared with data from viral wastewater monitoring. In addition to Betacoronavirus, comparison using assembled contigs against a custom Swiss-Prot human virus database indicated the potential prevalence of other pathogenic virus genera, including: Orthopoxvirus, Rhadinovirus, Parapoxvirus, Varicellovirus, Hepatovirus, Simplexvirus, Bocaparvovirus, Molluscipoxvirus, Parechovirus, Roseolovirus, Lymphocryptovirus, Alphavirus, Spumavirus, Lentivirus, Deltaretrovirus, Enterovirus, Kobuvirus, Gammaretrovirus, Cardiovirus, Erythroparvovirus, Salivirus, Rubivirus, Orthohepevirus, Cytomegalovirus, Norovirus, and Mamastrovirus. Four nearly complete genomes were recovered from the Astrovirus, Enterovirus, Norovirus and Betapolyomavirus genera and viral species were identified. CONCLUSIONS The presented findings in wastewater samples are primarily at the genus level and can serve as a preliminary "screening" tool that may serve as indication to initiate further testing for the confirmation of the presence of species that may be associated with human disease. Integrating innovative environmental microbiology technologies like metagenomic sequencing with viral epidemiology offers a significant opportunity to improve the monitoring of, and predictive intelligence for, pathogenic viruses, using wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, 1449 Engineering Research Ct, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Brijen Miyani
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, 1449 Engineering Research Ct, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Russell A Faust
- Oakland County Health Division, 1200 Telegraph Rd, Pontiac, MI, 48341, USA
| | - Randy E David
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48282, USA
| | - Irene Xagoraraki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, 1449 Engineering Research Ct, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
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Gamiño-Arroyo AE, Arellano-Galindo J, Del Carmen Guerra-de-Blas P, Ortega-Villa AM, Mateja A, Llamosas-Gallardo B, Ortíz-Hernández AA, Valdéz-Vázquez R, Ramírez-Venegas A, Galindo-Fraga A, Guerrero ML, Ramos-Cervantes P, Mendoza-Garcés L, González-Matus M, Marroquín-Rojas C, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J, Ochoa SA, Cruz-Córdova A, Powers JH, Ruiz-Palacios GM, Beigel J, Moreno-Espinosa S. Clinical and molecular characterization of children and adults with respiratory bocavirus infection in Mexico: a cross-sectional nested study within the ILI002 prospective observational study. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2024; 29:100647. [PMID: 38187006 PMCID: PMC10770596 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Human Bocaviruses (HBoV) can cause acute respiratory tract infections. High coinfection rates cloud its pathogenicity. This study sought to describe the clinical features of HBoV1 disease in children and adults with Influenza-like illness (ILI), exploring associations between viral load, clinical features, and seasonality. Methods Patients who tested positive for HBoV1 by polymerase chain reaction, enrolled from April 2010 to March 2014 in the ILI002 prospective observational cohort study were included in this cross-sectional nested study. Participants were included in ILI002 if they presented with signs and/or symptoms suggestive of influenza-like illness. Samples were tested for viral load, and NP1 and VP1/VP2 phylogenetic analyses, except for the samples lacking suitable and viable clinical material for genotyping. Findings We identified HBoV1 in 157 (2.8%) of participants. Prevalence was 4.5% in children and 1.8% in adults. Single HBoV1 detection occurred in 41.1% and 46.3% of children and adults, respectively. Children commonly experienced fever (83.3%), cough with sputum (74.4%), and shortness of breath (72.2%). In the multivariate analysis of children, significant positive associations were detected between viral loads and age (0.20 [95% CI: 0.07, 0.33]), and the presence of fever (2.64 [95% CI: 1.35, 3.94]), nasal congestion (1.03 [95% CI: 0.07, 1.99]), dry cough (1.32 [95% CI: 0.42, 2.22]), chest congestion (1.57 [95% CI: 0.33, 2.80]), red eyes (1.25 [95% CI: 0.35, 2.14]), cough with sputum (1.79 [95% CI: 0.80, 2.78]), and other signs and symptoms such as chills, dizziness, and diaphoresis (1.73 [95% CI: 0.19, 3.27]). In contrast, significant negative associations were found between viral loads and percent neutrophils on the blood count (-0.04 [95% CI: -0.06, -0.02]), fatigue (-1.60 [95% CI: -2.46, -0.74]) and the presence of other symptoms or signs, including adenopathy and rash (-1.26 [95% CI: -2.31, -0.21]). Adults commonly experienced sore throat (73.1%), fatigue (77.4%), and headache (73.1%). In the multivariate analysis of adults, significant positive associations were detected between viral load and body mass index (0.13 [95% CI: 0.04, 0.21]), and the presence of confusion (1.54 [95% CI: 0.55, 2.53]), and sore throat (1.03 [95% CI: 0.20, 1.85]), and significant negative associations were detected between viral load and chest congestion (-1.16 [95% CI: -2.07, -0.24]). HBoV1 was detected throughout the year irrespective of season, temperature, and humidity. Interpretation This study demonstrated the importance of detecting HBoV1 in patients with influenza-like illness either as single infection or co-infection, in both adults and children, and improves the characterization of HBoV1 seasonality, clinical features, and viral load. Phylogenetic analyses show a high conservation. Funding The Mexican Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network (LaRed), CONACYT (Fondo Sectorial SSA/IMSS/ISSSTE, Projects No. 71260 and No. 127088), Fondos federales no. HIM/2015/006, NIAID, NIH through a contract with Westat, Inc. (HHSN2722009000031, HHSN27200002), NCI, NIH (75N91019D00024, 75N91019F00130). Additional information at the end of the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Arellano-Galindo
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Allyson Mateja
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick County, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Arturo Galindo-Fraga
- Departamento de Epidemiología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ma Lourdes Guerrero
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pilar Ramos-Cervantes
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Mendoza-Garcés
- The Mexican Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network (LaRed), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica González-Matus
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carmen Marroquín-Rojas
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Sara A. Ochoa
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ariadna Cruz-Córdova
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - John H. Powers
- Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick County, MD, USA
| | | | - John Beigel
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Mexican Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network (LaRed)
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
- The Mexican Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network (LaRed), Mexico City, Mexico
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick County, MD, USA
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Epidemiología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick County, MD, USA
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Trapani S, Caporizzi A, Ricci S, Indolfi G. Human Bocavirus in Childhood: A True Respiratory Pathogen or a "Passenger" Virus? A Comprehensive Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1243. [PMID: 37317217 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, human bocavirus (HBoV) has appeared as an emerging pathogen, with an increasing number of cases reported worldwide. HBoV is mainly associated with upper and lower respiratory tract infections in adults and children. However, its role as a respiratory pathogen is still not fully understood. It has been reported both as a co-infectious agent (predominantly with respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza viruses, and adenovirus), and as an isolated viral pathogen during respiratory tract infections. It has also been found in asymptomatic subjects. The authors review the available literature on the epidemiology of HBoV, the underlying risk factors associated with infection, the virus's transmission, and its pathogenicity as a single pathogen and in co-infections, as well as the current hypothesis about the host's immune response. An update on different HBoV detection methods is provided, including the use of quantitative single or multiplex molecular methods (screening panels) on nasopharyngeal swabs or respiratory secretions, tissue biopsies, serum tests, and metagenomic next-generations sequencing in serum and respiratory secretions. The clinical features of infection, mainly regarding the respiratory tract but also, though rarely, the gastrointestinal one, are extensively described. Furthermore, a specific focus is dedicated to severe HBoV infections requiring hospitalization, oxygen therapy, and/or intensive care in the pediatric age; rare fatal cases have also been reported. Data on tissue viral persistence, reactivation, and reinfection are evaluated. A comparison of the clinical characteristics of single infection and viral or bacterial co-infections with high or low HBoV rates is carried out to establish the real burden of HBoV disease in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Trapani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Viale Pieraccini, 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Alice Caporizzi
- Pediatric Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Viale Pieraccini, 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Ricci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Viale Pieraccini, 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Indolfi
- Pediatric Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Viale Pieraccini, 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
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Mijač M, Ljubin-Sternak S, Ivković-Jureković I, Vraneš J. Comparison of MT-PCR with Quantitative PCR for Human Bocavirus in Respiratory Samples with Multiple Respiratory Viruses Detection. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050846. [PMID: 36899990 PMCID: PMC10001063 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is an important respiratory pathogen, especially in children, but it is often found in co-detection with other respiratory viruses, which makes the diagnostic approach challenging. We compared multiplex PCR and quantitative PCR for HBoV with multiplex tandem PCR (MT-PCR) in 55 cases of co-detection of HBoV and other respiratory viruses. In addition, we investigated whether there is a connection between the severity of the disease, measured by the localization of the infection, and amount of virus detected in the respiratory secretions. No statistically significant difference was found, but children with large amount of HBoV and other respiratory virus had a longer stay in hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Mijač
- Molecular Microbiology Department, Dr. Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Medical Microbiology Department, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| | - Sunčanica Ljubin-Sternak
- Molecular Microbiology Department, Dr. Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Medical Microbiology Department, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Ivković-Jureković
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty for Dental Medicine and Healthcare, School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Vraneš
- Molecular Microbiology Department, Dr. Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Medical Microbiology Department, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Tang X, Dai G, Wang T, Sun H, Jiang W, Chen Z, Yan Y. Comparison of the clinical features of human bocavirus and metapneumovirus lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children in Suzhou, China. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1074484. [PMID: 36704137 PMCID: PMC9871608 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1074484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We compared the clinical data of hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract infections caused by human bocavirus (HBoV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV). METHODS In total, 8,430 children admitted to the Department of Respiration, Children's Hospital of Soochow University for lower respiratory tract infections from January 2017 to October 2021 were enrolled. Seven common respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus A, influenza virus B, parainfluenza virus (PIV) I, PIV II, PIV III, and adenovirus, were detected by direct immunofluorescence assay, whereas human rhinovirus and hMPV were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and HBoV were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Bacteria was detected in blood, nasopharyngeal secretion, bronchoalveolar lavage specimen or pleural fluid by culture. In parallel, MP was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, we performed metagenomic testing of alveolar lavage fluid from some of the patients in our study. RESULTS The detection rate of HBoV was 6.62% (558/8430), whereas that of hMPV was 2.24% (189/ 8430). The detection rate of HBoV was significantly higher in children aged 1 to <3 years than in other age groups, but there were no significant differences in positivity rates for hMPV by age. Before 2020, the incidence of HBoV infection peaked in summer and autumn, whereas that of hMPV peaked in spring. The epidemiology of both HBoV and hMPV has changed because of the impact of the novel coronavirus. Among the positive cases, the HBoV mixed infection rate was 51.6%, which was similar to that for hMPV mixed infection (44.4%). Comparing clinical characteristics between HBoV and hMPV single infection, the median age of children was 17 months in the HBoV group and 11 months in the hMPV group. In the HBoV single infection group, 31 patients (11.5%) had pulse oxygen saturation of less than 92% on admission, 47 (17.4%) had shortness of breath, and 26 (9.6%) presented with dyspnea. Meanwhile, four patients (3.8%) in the hMPV single infection group had pulse oxygen saturation of less than 92% on admission, eight (7.6%) displayed shortness of breath, and three (2.9%) had dyspnea. The proportion of patients requiring mechanical ventilation and the rate of PICU admission were higher in the HBoV group than in the hMPV group. CONCLUSION The prevalence of HBoV infection is higher than that of hMPV infection in children with lower respiratory tract infection in Suzhou, and HBoV is more likely to cause severe infection than hMPV. Public health interventions for COVID-19 outbreaks have affected the prevalence of HBoV and hMPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yan Cheng, Yancheng, China
| | - Ge Dai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huiming Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wujun Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengrong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongdong Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Karaaslan A, Çetin C, Tekol S, Yükselmiş U, Köle M, Akin Y. Human bocavirus infection in children hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections: Does viral load affect disease course? ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.354421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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