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Zhao S, Zhang X, da Silva-Júnior EF, Zhan P, Liu X. Computer-aided drug design in seeking viral capsid modulators. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103581. [PMID: 37030533 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Approved or licensed antiviral drugs have limited applications because of their drug resistance and severe adverse effects. By contrast, by stabilizing or destroying the viral capsid, compounds known as capsid modulators prevent viral replication by acting on new targets and, therefore, overcoming the problem of clinical drug resistance. For example. computer-aided drug design (CADD) methods, using strategies based on structures of biological targets (structure-based drug design; SBDD), such as docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and virtual screening (VS), have provided opportunities for fast and effective development of viral capsid modulators. In this review, we summarize the application of CADD in the discovery, optimization, and mechanism prediction of capsid-targeting small molecules, providing new insights into antiviral drug discovery modalities. Teaser: Computer-aided drug design will accelerate the development of viral capsid regulators, which brings new hope for the treatment of refractory viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xujie Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Júnior
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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Geppe NA, Zaplatnikov AL, Kondyurina EG, Chepurnaya MM, Kolosova NG. The Common Cold and Influenza in Children: To Treat or Not to Treat? Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040858. [PMID: 37110281 PMCID: PMC10146091 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The common cold, which is mostly caused by respiratory viruses and clinically represented by the symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) with mainly upper respiratory tract involvement, is an important problem in pediatric practice. Due to the high prevalence, socio-economic burden, and lack of effective prevention measures (except for influenza and, partially, RSV infection), ARVI require strong medical attention. The purpose of this descriptive literature review was to analyze the current practical approaches to the treatment of ARVI to facilitate the choice of therapy in routine practice. This descriptive overview includes information on the causative agents of ARVI. Special attention is paid to the role of interferon gamma as a cytokine with antiviral and immunomodulatory effects on the pathogenesis of ARVI. Modern approaches to the treatment of ARVI, including antiviral, pathogenesis-directed and symptomatic therapy are presented. The emphasis is on the use of antibody-based drugs in the immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy of ARVI. The data presented in this review allow us to conclude that a modern, balanced and evidence-based approach to the choice of ARVI treatment in children should be used in clinical practice. The published results of clinical trials and systematic reviews with meta-analyses of ARVI in children allow us to conclude that it is possible and expedient to use broad-spectrum antiviral drugs in complex therapy. This approach can provide an adequate response of the child’s immune system to the virus without limiting the clinical possibilities of using only symptomatic therapy.
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Ruggiero E, Richter SN. Targeting G-quadruplexes to achieve antiviral activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 79:129085. [PMID: 36423824 PMCID: PMC9760570 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence of new viruses in the human population and the fast mutation rates of existing viruses, new antiviral targets and compounds are needed. Most existing antiviral drugs are active against proteins of a handful of viruses. Most of these proteins in the end affect viral nucleic acid processing, but direct nucleic acid targeting is less represented due to the difficulty of selectively acting at the nucleic acid of interest. Recently, nucleic acids have been shown to fold in structures alternative to the classic double helix and Watson and Crick base-pairing. Among these non-canonical structures, G-quadruplexes (G4s) have attracted interest because of their key biological roles that are being discovered. Molecules able to selectively target G4s have been developed and since G4s have been investigated as targets in several human pathologies, including viral infections. Here, after briefly introducing viruses, G4s and the G4-binding molecules with antiviral properties, we comment on the mechanisms at the base of the antiviral activity reported for G4-binding molecules. Understanding how G4-ligands act in infected cells will possibly help designing and developing next-generation antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara N Richter
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Italy; Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy.
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Shetnev AA, Volobueva AS, Panova VA, Zarubaev VV, Baykov SV. Design of 4-Substituted Sulfonamidobenzoic Acid Derivatives Targeting Coxsackievirus B3. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1832. [PMID: 36362987 PMCID: PMC9694965 DOI: 10.3390/life12111832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 4-substituted sulfonamidobenzoic acid derivatives was synthesized as the structural evolution of 4-(4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)phenylsulfonamido)benzoic acid, which is the known inhibitor of the enterovirus life cycle. Antiviral properties of prepared compounds were evaluated in vitro using phenotypic screening and viral yield reduction assay. Their capsid binding properties were verified in thermostability assay. We identified two new hit-compounds (4 and 7a) with high activity against the coxsackievirus B3 (Nancy, CVB3) strain with potencies (IC50 values of 4.29 and 4.22 μM, respectively) which are slightly superior to the reference compound 2a (IC50 5.54 μM). Both hits changed the heat inactivation of CVB3 in vitro to higher temperatures, suggesting that they are capsid binders, as 2a is. The results obtained can serve as a basis for further development of the lead compounds for novel drug design to combat enterovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton A. Shetnev
- Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Center, Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University Named after K.D. Ushinsky, 108 Respublikanskaya St., 150000 Yaroslavl, Russia
| | | | - Valeria A. Panova
- Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Center, Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University Named after K.D. Ushinsky, 108 Respublikanskaya St., 150000 Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Zarubaev
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Mira Street, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Baykov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Sallard E, Schult F, Baehren C, Buedding E, Mboma O, Ahmad-Nejad P, Ghebremedhin B, Ehrhardt A, Wirth S, Aydin M. Viral Infection and Respiratory Exacerbation in Children: Results from a Local German Pediatric Exacerbation Cohort. Viruses 2022; 14:491. [PMID: 35336898 PMCID: PMC8955305 DOI: 10.3390/v14030491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses play an important role in asthma exacerbation, and early exposure can be involved in recurrent bronchitis and the development of asthma. The exact mechanism is not fully clarified, and pathogen-to-host interaction studies are warranted to identify biomarkers of exacerbation in the early phase. Only a limited number of international exacerbation cohorts were studied. Here, we have established a local pediatric exacerbation study in Germany consisting of children with asthma or chronic, recurrent bronchitis and analyzed the viriome within the nasopharyngeal swab specimens derived from the entire cohort (n = 141). Interestingly, 41% of exacerbated children had a positive test result for human rhinovirus (HRV)/human enterovirus (HEV), and 14% were positive for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). HRV was particularly prevalent in asthmatics (56%), wheezers (50%), and atopic (66%) patients. Lymphocytes were decreased in asthmatics and in HRV-infected subjects, and patients allergic to house dust mites were more susceptible to HRV infection. Our study thus confirms HRV infection as a strong 'biomarker' of exacerbated asthma. Further longitudinal studies will show the clinical progress of those children with a history of an RSV or HRV infection. Vaccination strategies and novel treatment guidelines against HRV are urgently needed to protect those high-risk children from a serious course of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Sallard
- Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany; (E.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Frank Schult
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany; (F.S.); (O.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Carolin Baehren
- Laboratory of Experimental Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Faculty of Health, School of Life Sciences (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany; (C.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Eleni Buedding
- Laboratory of Experimental Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Faculty of Health, School of Life Sciences (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany; (C.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Olivier Mboma
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany; (F.S.); (O.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Parviz Ahmad-Nejad
- Institute for Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany;
| | - Beniam Ghebremedhin
- Institute for Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany;
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany; (E.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Stefan Wirth
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany; (F.S.); (O.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Malik Aydin
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany; (F.S.); (O.M.); (S.W.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Faculty of Health, School of Life Sciences (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany; (C.B.); (E.B.)
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