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Villicaña C, Rubí-Rangel LM, Amarillas L, Lightbourn-Rojas LA, Carrillo-Fasio JA, León-Félix J. Isolation and Characterization of Two Novel Genera of Jumbo Bacteriophages Infecting Xanthomonas vesicatoria Isolated from Agricultural Regions in Mexico. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:651. [PMID: 39061333 PMCID: PMC11273794 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13070651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial spot is a serious disease caused by several species of Xanthomonas affecting pepper and tomato production worldwide. Since the strategies employed for disease management have been inefficient and pose a threat for environmental and human health, the development of alternative methods is gaining relevance. The aim of this study is to isolate and characterize lytic phages against Xanthomonas pathogens. Here, we isolate two jumbo phages, named XaC1 and XbC2, from water obtained from agricultural irrigation channels by the enrichment technique using X. vesicatoria as a host. We determined that both phages were specific for inducing the lysis of X. vesicatoria strains, but not of other xanthomonads. The XaC1 and XbC2 phages showed a myovirus morphology and were classified as jumbo phages due to their genomes being larger than 200 kb. Phylogenetic and comparative analysis suggests that XaC1 and XbC2 represent both different and novel genera of phages, where XaC1 possesses a low similarity to other phage genomes reported before. Finally, XaC1 and XbC2 exhibited thermal stability up to 45 °C and pH stability from 5 to 9. All these results indicate that the isolated phages are promising candidates for the development of formulations against bacterial spot, although further characterization is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Villicaña
- CONAHCYT—Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica Funcional, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C., Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico;
| | - Lucía M. Rubí-Rangel
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica Funcional, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C., Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico;
| | - Luis Amarillas
- Laboratorio de Genética, Instituto de Investigación Lightbourn, A. C., Cd. Jimenez 33981, Chihuahua, Mexico; (L.A.)
| | | | - José Armando Carrillo-Fasio
- Laboratorio de Nematología Agrícola, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C., Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico;
| | - Josefina León-Félix
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica Funcional, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C., Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico;
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Pirnay JP, Merabishvili M, De Vos D, Verbeken G. Bacteriophage Production in Compliance with Regulatory Requirements. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2734:89-115. [PMID: 38066364 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3523-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we discuss production requirements for therapeutic bacteriophage preparations. We review the current regulatory expectancies and focus on pragmatic production processes, implementing relevant controls to ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of the final products. The information disclosed in this chapter can also serve as a basis for discussions with competent authorities regarding the implementation of expedited bacteriophage product development and licensing pathways, taking into account some peculiarities of bacteriophages (as compared to conventional medicines), such as their specificity for, and co-evolution with, their bacterial hosts. To maximize the potential of bacteriophages as natural controllers of bacterial populations, the implemented regulatory frameworks and manufacturing processes should not only cater to defined bacteriophage products. But, they should also facilitate personalized approaches in which bacteriophages are selected ad hoc and even trained to target the patient's infecting bacterial strain(s), whether or not in combination with other antimicrobials such as antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Pirnay
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Maia Merabishvili
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel De Vos
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gilbert Verbeken
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
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Zheng H. Devitrification of lyoprotectants: A critical determinant for bacteriophages inactivation in freeze-drying and storage. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113307. [PMID: 37803616 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages as promising natural antibacterial additives are widely used in food processing and storage. Although freeze-drying is an economical and efficient way to preserve phages, so far there is limited data for phage freeze-drying and key factors that inactivate phages during freeze-drying and storage remain unknown. Here we systemically compared different types of saccharides/polyols (dextran 5000, glucose, sucrose, trehalose, mannitol, and xylitol) as lyoprotectants and their potential ratios for phage freeze-drying. The pH and osmotic pressure tolerance of bacteriophages were determined and all lyoprotectant solutions were within the tolerance range of phages. Combined with thermodynamic data, it was found that only completely vitrified formulations (glucose, sucrose, and trehalose) could preserve phages during freeze-drying. Selected freeze-dried phages were further arranged for an accelerated stability study. Most formulations stored at higher temperatures (≥25 ℃) presented devitrification, resulting in a significant drop in phage titer. 10% (w/v) of sucrose was recommended as the best formulation for freeze-dried phage storage with less devitrification and a better fitting coefficient (R2 = 0.9592) to the Arrhenius equation, predictively reaching shelf-time as 1093.3 days at 4 ℃ storage. These findings implied that the devitrification of lyoprotectants was the critical determinant for bacteriophage inactivation both in freeze-drying and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangliang Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Tabare E, Dauchot T, Cochez C, Glonti T, Antoine C, Laforêt F, Pirnay JP, Delcenserie V, Thiry D, Goole J. Eudragit ® FS Microparticles Containing Bacteriophages, Prepared by Spray-Drying for Oral Administration. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1602. [PMID: 37376051 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phage therapy is recognized to be a promising alternative to fight antibiotic-resistant infections. In the quest for oral dosage forms containing bacteriophages, the utilization of colonic-release Eudragit® derivatives has shown potential in shielding bacteriophages from the challenges encountered within the gastrointestinal tract, such as fluctuating pH levels and the presence of digestive enzymes. Consequently, this study aimed to develop targeted oral delivery systems for bacteriophages, specifically focusing on colon delivery and employing Eudragit® FS30D as the excipient. The bacteriophage model used was LUZ19. An optimized formulation was established to not only preserve the activity of LUZ19 during the manufacturing process but also ensure its protection from highly acidic conditions. Flowability assessments were conducted for both capsule filling and tableting processes. Furthermore, the viability of the bacteriophages remained unaffected by the tableting process. Additionally, the release of LUZ19 from the developed system was evaluated using the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) model. Finally, stability studies demonstrated that the powder remained stable for at least 6 months when stored at +5 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Tabare
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Tiffany Dauchot
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Christel Cochez
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tea Glonti
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Céline Antoine
- Food Science Department, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Fanny Laforêt
- Food Science Department, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Pirnay
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Delcenserie
- Food Science Department, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Damien Thiry
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Goole
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
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Luo J, Dai D, Lv L, Ahmed T, Chen L, Wang Y, An Q, Sun G, Li B. Advancements in the Use of Bacteriophages to Combat the Kiwifruit Canker Phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. Viruses 2022; 14:2704. [PMID: 36560706 PMCID: PMC9785728 DOI: 10.3390/v14122704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last several decades, kiwifruit production has been severely damaged by the bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), resulting in severe economic losses worldwide. Currently, copper bactericides and antibiotics are the main tools used to control this bacterial disease. However, their use is becoming increasingly ineffective due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. In addition, environmental issues and the changes in the composition of soil bacterial communities are also concerning when using these substances. Although biocontrol methods have shown promising antibacterial effects on Psa infection under in vitro conditions, the efficiency of antagonistic bacteria and fungi when deployed under field conditions remains unclear. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a phage-based biocontrol strategy for this bacterial pathogen. Due to the specificity of the target bacteria and for the benefit of the environment, bacteriophages (phages) have been widely regarded as promising biological agents to control plant, animal, and human bacterial diseases. An increasing number of studies focus on the use of phages for the control of plant diseases, including the kiwifruit bacterial canker. In this review, we first introduce the characteristics of the Psa-induced kiwifruit canker, followed by a description of the diversity and virulence of Psa strains. The main focus of the review is the description of recent advances in the isolation of Psa phages and their characterization, including morphology, host range, lytic activity, genome characterization, and lysis mechanism, but we also describe the biocontrol strategies together with potential challenges introduced by abiotic factors, such as high temperature, extreme pH, and UV irradiation in kiwifruit orchards. The information presented in this review highlights the potential role of phages in controlling Psa infection to ensure plant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Luo
- Department of Plant Quarantine, Shanghai Extension and Service Center of Agriculture Technology, Shanghai 201103, China
| | - Dejiang Dai
- Station for the Plant Protection & Quarantine and Control of Agrochemicals Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310004, China
| | - Luqiong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Plant Quarantine, Shanghai Extension and Service Center of Agriculture Technology, Shanghai 201103, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Qianli An
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guochang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Wdowiak M, Paczesny J, Raza S. Enhancing the Stability of Bacteriophages Using Physical, Chemical, and Nano-Based Approaches: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1936. [PMID: 36145682 PMCID: PMC9502844 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phages are efficient in diagnosing, treating, and preventing various diseases, and as sensing elements in biosensors. Phage display alone has gained attention over the past decade, especially in pharmaceuticals. Bacteriophages have also found importance in research aiming to fight viruses and in the consequent formulation of antiviral agents and vaccines. All these applications require control over the stability of virions. Phages are considered resistant to various harsh conditions. However, stability-determining parameters are usually the only additional factors in phage-related applications. Phages face instability and activity loss when preserved for extended periods. Sudden environmental changes, including exposure to UV light, temperature, pH, and salt concentration, also lead to a phage titer fall. This review describes various formulations that impart stability to phage stocks, mainly focusing on polymer-based stabilization, encapsulation, lyophilization, and nano-assisted solutions.
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Korniienko N, Burba P, Poniatovskyi V, Bondarenko O, Zaychenko O, Liutko O, Kharina A. NEW BACTERIOPHAGE OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANT STRAIN OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA. BULLETIN OF TARAS SHEVCHENKO NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF KYIV. SERIES: BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.17721/1728.2748.2022.91.15-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria is one of the most discussed and important theme in healthcare field now. Bacteriophages are known as the most promising alternative to antibiotics and a method of fighting the multi-resistant pathogens. In this study, our main aim was to isolate lytic specific phages of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one of the most dangerous bacterial human pathogens. Methods: Disk-diffusion method, spot-test, agar overlay method, electron microscopy. Results: Antimicrobial resistance range of P. aeruginosa 458 strain was tested and it appeared to be resistant to all available antibiotics. Phages were isolated from waste waters in Kyiv. They appeared to have a typical morphology of Myoviridae family. Isolated viruses successfully lysed all the bacteria in vitro. Conclusions: Considering high effectiveness of isolated phage in vitro, we propose it as a candidate for phage therapy, though further studies on physical and genetic characteristics are required.
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