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Harada M, Matsuu A, Park ES, Inoue Y, Uda A, Kaku Y, Okutani A, Posadas-Herrera G, Ishijima K, Inoue S, Maeda K. Construction of Vero cell-adapted rabies vaccine strain by five amino acid substitutions in HEP-Flury strain. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12559. [PMID: 38822013 PMCID: PMC11143356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Rabies virus (RABV) causes fatal neurological disease. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) using inactivated-virus vaccines are the most effective measures to prevent rabies. In Japan, HEP-Flury, the viral strain, used as a human rabies vaccine, has historically been propagated in primary fibroblast cells derived from chicken embryos. In the present study, to reduce the cost and labor of vaccine production, we sought to adapt the original HEP-Flury (HEP) to Vero cells. HEP was repeatedly passaged in Vero cells to generate ten- (HEP-10V) and thirty-passaged (HEP-30V) strains. Both HEP-10V and HEP-30V grew significantly better than HEP in Vero cells, with virulence and antigenicity similar to HEP. Comparison of the complete genomes with HEP revealed three non-synonymous mutations in HEP-10V and four additional non-synonymous mutations in HEP-30V. Comparison among 18 recombinant HEP strains constructed by reverse genetics and vesicular stomatitis viruses pseudotyped with RABV glycoproteins indicated that the substitution P(L115H) in the phosphoprotein and G(S15R) in the glycoprotein improved viral propagation in HEP-10V, while in HEP-30V, G(V164E), G(L183P), and G(A286V) in the glycoprotein enhanced entry into Vero cells. The obtained recombinant RABV strain, rHEP-PG4 strain, with these five substitutions, is a strong candidate for production of human rabies vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Harada
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Aya Matsuu
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Eun-Sil Park
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Akihiko Uda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kaku
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Akiko Okutani
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Guillermo Posadas-Herrera
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Keita Ishijima
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
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Harada M, Matsuu A, Kaku Y, Okutani A, Inoue Y, Posadas-Herrera G, Inoue S, Maeda K. Single Amino Acid Substitution in the Matrix Protein of Rabies Virus Is Associated with Neurovirulence in Mice. Viruses 2024; 16:699. [PMID: 38793581 PMCID: PMC11125599 DOI: 10.3390/v16050699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Rabies is a fatal encephalitic infectious disease caused by the rabies virus (RABV). RABV is highly neurotropic and replicates in neuronal cell lines in vitro. The RABV fixed strain, HEP-Flury, was produced via passaging in primary chicken embryonic fibroblast cells. HEP-Flury showed rapid adaptation when propagated in mouse neuroblastoma (MNA) cells. In this study, we compared the growth of our previously constructed recombinant HEP (rHEP) strain-based on the sequence of the HEP (HEP-Flury) strain-with that of the original HEP strain. The original HEP strain exhibited higher titer than rHEP and a single substitution at position 80 in the matrix (M) protein M(D80N) after incubation in MNA cells, which was absent in rHEP. In vivo, intracerebral inoculation of the rHEP-M(D80N) strain with this substitution resulted in enhanced viral growth in the mouse brain and a significant loss of body weight in the adult mice. The number of viral antigen-positive cells in the brains of adult mice inoculated with the rHEP-M(D80N) strain was significantly higher than that with the rHEP strain at 5 days post-inoculation. Our findings demonstrate that a single amino acid substitution in the M protein M(D80N) is associated with neurovirulence in mice owing to adaptation to mouse neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Harada
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (A.M.); (Y.K.); (A.O.); (Y.I.); (G.P.-H.); (S.I.)
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Aya Matsuu
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (A.M.); (Y.K.); (A.O.); (Y.I.); (G.P.-H.); (S.I.)
| | - Yoshihiro Kaku
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (A.M.); (Y.K.); (A.O.); (Y.I.); (G.P.-H.); (S.I.)
| | - Akiko Okutani
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (A.M.); (Y.K.); (A.O.); (Y.I.); (G.P.-H.); (S.I.)
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (A.M.); (Y.K.); (A.O.); (Y.I.); (G.P.-H.); (S.I.)
| | - Guillermo Posadas-Herrera
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (A.M.); (Y.K.); (A.O.); (Y.I.); (G.P.-H.); (S.I.)
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (A.M.); (Y.K.); (A.O.); (Y.I.); (G.P.-H.); (S.I.)
| | - Ken Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (M.H.); (A.M.); (Y.K.); (A.O.); (Y.I.); (G.P.-H.); (S.I.)
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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Li S, Xu B, Luo Y, Luo J, Huang S, Guo X. Autophagy and Apoptosis in Rabies Virus Replication. Cells 2024; 13:183. [PMID: 38247875 PMCID: PMC10814280 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rabies virus (RABV) is a single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus belonging to the Rhabdoviridae family and Lyssavirus genus, which is highly neurotropic and can infect almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Autophagy and apoptosis are two evolutionarily conserved and genetically regulated processes that maintain cellular and organismal homeostasis, respectively. Autophagy recycles unnecessary or dysfunctional intracellular organelles and molecules in a cell, whereas apoptosis eliminates damaged or unwanted cells in an organism. Studies have shown that RABV can induce both autophagy and apoptosis in target cells. To advance our understanding of pathogenesis of rabies, this paper reviews the molecular mechanisms of autophagy and apoptosis induced by RABV and the effects of the two cellular events on RABV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Bowen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Yongwen Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jun Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA;
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.)
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Zorzan M, Castellan M, Gasparotto M, Dias de Melo G, Zecchin B, Leopardi S, Chen A, Rosato A, Angelini A, Bourhy H, Corti D, Cendron L, De Benedictis P. Antiviral mechanisms of two broad-spectrum monoclonal antibodies for rabies prophylaxis and therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186063. [PMID: 37638057 PMCID: PMC10449259 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabies is an acute and lethal encephalomyelitis caused by lyssaviruses, among which rabies virus (RABV) is the most prevalent and important for public health. Although preventable through the post-exposure administration of rabies vaccine and immunoglobulins (RIGs), the disease is almost invariably fatal since the onset of clinical signs. Two human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), RVC20 and RVC58, have been shown to be effective in treating symptomatic rabies. To better understand how these mAbs work, we conducted structural modeling and in vitro assays to analyze their mechanisms of action, including their ability to mediate Fc-dependent effector functions. Our results indicate that both RVC20 and RVC58 recognize and lock the RABV-G protein in its pre-fusion conformation. RVC58 was shown to neutralize more potently the extra-cellular virus, while RVC20 mainly acts by reducing viral spreading from infected cells. Importantly, RVC20 was more effective in promoting effector functions compared to RVC58 and 17C7-RAB1 mAbs, the latter of which is approved for human rabies post-exposure treatment. These results provide valuable insights into the multiple mechanisms of action of RVC20 and RVC58 mAbs, offering relevant information for the development of these mAbs as treatment for human rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Zorzan
- Laboratory for Emerging Viral Zoonoses, FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, Department for Research and Innovation, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Martina Castellan
- Laboratory for Emerging Viral Zoonoses, FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, Department for Research and Innovation, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Guilherme Dias de Melo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Zecchin
- Laboratory for Emerging Viral Zoonoses, FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, Department for Research and Innovation, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Leopardi
- Laboratory for Emerging Viral Zoonoses, FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, Department for Research and Innovation, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alex Chen
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics, Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Angelini
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Mestre, Italy
- European Centre for Living Technology (ECLT), Venice, Italy
| | - Hervé Bourhy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris, France
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Laura Cendron
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola De Benedictis
- Laboratory for Emerging Viral Zoonoses, FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, Department for Research and Innovation, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
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Faisal S, Badshah SL, Kubra B, Emwas AH, Jaremko M. Alkaloids as potential antivirals. A comprehensive review. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:4. [PMID: 36598588 PMCID: PMC9812014 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Alkaloids are a diverse group of natural phytochemicals. These phytochemicals in plants provide them protection against pests, and herbivorous organisms and also control their development. Numerous of these alkaloids have a variety of biological effects, and some have even been developed into medications with different medicinal properties. This review aims to provide a broad overview of the numerous naturally occurring alkaloids (isolated from both terrestrial and aquatic species) along with synthetically produced alkaloid compounds having prominent antiviral properties. Previous reviews on this subject have focused on the biological actions of both natural and synthetic alkaloids, but they have not gone into comprehensive detail about their antiviral properties. We reviewed here several antiviral alkaloids that have been described in the literature in different investigational environments i.e. (in-vivo, in-ovo, in-vitro, and in-silico), and found that these alkaloid compounds have significant antiviral properties against several infectious viruses. These alkaloids repressed and targeted various important stages of viral infection at non-toxic doses while some of the alkaloids reported here also exhibited comparable inhibitory activities to commercially used drugs. Overall, these anti-viral effects of alkaloids point to a high degree of specificity, implying that they could serve as effective and safe antiviral medicines if further pursued in medicinal and pharmacological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Faisal
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Syed Lal Badshah
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Bibi Kubra
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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Leme J, Guardalini LGO, Bernardino TC, Astray RM, Tonso A, Núñez EGF, Jorge SAC. Sf9 Cells Metabolism and Viability When Coinfected with Two Monocistronic Baculoviruses to Produce Rabies Virus-like Particles. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 65:970-982. [PMCID: PMC9672645 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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