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Carella F, Prado P, De Vico G, Palić D, Villari G, García-March JR, Tena-Medialdea J, Cortés Melendreras E, Giménez-Casalduero F, Sigovini M, Aceto S. A widespread picornavirus affects the hemocytes of the noble pen shell ( Pinna nobilis), leading to its immunosuppression. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1273521. [PMID: 38164394 PMCID: PMC10758234 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1273521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The widespread mass mortality of the noble pen shell (Pinna nobilis) has occurred in several Mediterranean countries in the past 7 years. Single-stranded RNA viruses affecting immune cells and leading to immune dysfunction have been widely reported in human and animal species. Here, we present data linking P. nobilis mass mortality events (MMEs) to hemocyte picornavirus (PV) infection. This study was performed on specimens from wild and captive populations. Methods We sampled P. nobilis from two regions of Spain [Catalonia (24 animals) and Murcia (four animals)] and one region in Italy [Venice (6 animals)]. Each of them were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to describe the morphology and self-assembly of virions. Illumina sequencing coupled to qPCR was performed to describe the identified virus and part of its genome. Results and discussion In 100% of our samples, ultrastructure revealed the presence of a virus (20 nm diameter) capable of replicating within granulocytes and hyalinocytes, leading to the accumulation of complex vesicles of different dimensions within the cytoplasm. As the PV infection progressed, dead hemocytes, infectious exosomes, and budding of extracellular vesicles were visible, along with endocytic vesicles entering other cells. The THC (total hemocyte count) values observed in both captive (eight animals) (3.5 × 104-1.60 × 105 ml-1 cells) and wild animals (14 samples) (1.90-2.42 × 105 ml-1 cells) were lower than those reported before MMEs. Sequencing of P. nobilis (six animals) hemocyte cDNA libraries revealed the presence of two main sequences of Picornavirales, family Marnaviridae. The highest number of reads belonged to animals that exhibited active replication phases and abundant viral particles from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. These sequences correspond to the genus Sogarnavirus-a picornavirus identified in the marine diatom Chaetoceros tenuissimus (named C. tenuissimus RNA virus type II). Real-time PCR performed on the two most abundant RNA viruses previously identified by in silico analysis revealed positive results only for sequences similar to the C. tenuissimus RNA virus. These results may not conclusively identify picornavirus in noble pen shell hemocytes; therefore, further study is required. Our findings suggest that picornavirus infection likely causes immunosuppression, making individuals prone to opportunistic infections, which is a potential cause for the MMEs observed in the Mediterranean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Carella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Patricia Prado
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA)-Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gionata De Vico
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Dušan Palić
- Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Grazia Villari
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - José Rafael García-March
- Instituto de Investigación en Medio Ambiente y Ciencia Marina, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Calpe, Spain
| | - José Tena-Medialdea
- Instituto de Investigación en Medio Ambiente y Ciencia Marina, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Calpe, Spain
| | | | - Francisca Giménez-Casalduero
- Department of Marine Science and Applied Biology, Research Marine Centre in Santa Pola (CIMAR), University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Marco Sigovini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze Marine, Venice, Italy
| | - Serena Aceto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Zhu P, Liu G, Liu C, Yang L, Liu M, Xie K, Shi S, Shi M, Jiang J. Novel RNA viruses in oysters revealed by virome. IMETA 2022; 1:e65. [PMID: 38867911 PMCID: PMC10989897 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Eighteen novel RNA viruses were found in Crassostrea hongkongensis. Phylogenic analysis shows evidence of recombination between major genes of viruses. Picobirnaviruses are ubiquitous and abundant in oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- College of Marine Ecology and EnvironmentShanghai Ocean UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Guang‐Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Li‐Ling Yang
- One Health Biotechnology (Suzhou) Co., Ltd.JiangsuChina
| | - Min Liu
- College of Marine Ecology and EnvironmentShanghai Ocean UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ke‐Ming Xie
- College of Life Science and BiopharmacyGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Shao‐Kun Shi
- Ministry of Fisheries TechnologyShenzhen Fisheries Development Research CenterShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Mang Shi
- School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Jing‐Zhe Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- College of Marine Ecology and EnvironmentShanghai Ocean UniversityShanghaiChina
- College of Life Science and BiopharmacyGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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Cruz-Flores R, Andrade TP, Mai HN, Alenton RRR, Dhar AK. Identification of a Novel Solinvivirus with Nuclear Localization Associated with Mass Mortalities in Cultured Whiteleg Shrimp ( Penaeus vannamei). Viruses 2022; 14:v14102220. [PMID: 36298775 PMCID: PMC9610163 DOI: 10.3390/v14102220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of disease-causing viruses in shrimp aquaculture is not uncommon. Since 2016, unusual mortalities have been affecting the Brazilian shrimp industry and we have associated these unusual mortalities with a novel variant of infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV). The transcriptome analysis of these diseased shrimp showed an additional divergent viral sequence that we have assigned to the family Solinviviridae. The novel virus has been tentatively termed Penaeus vannamei solinvivirus (PvSV) (GenBank accession: OP265432). The full-length genome of the PvSV is 10.44 kb (excluding the poly A tail) and codes for a polyprotein of 3326 aa. Five conserved domains coding for a helicase, RdRp, calicivirus coat protein, G-patch and tegument protein were identified. The genome organization of the PvSV is similar to other (Nylan deria fulva virus 1) solinvivirus. A unique feature of this virus that differs from other members of the Solinviviridae is the presence of putative nuclear localization signals. The tissue tropism of this virus is wide, infecting cells of the hepatopancreas, gastrointestinal tract, lymphoid organ and muscle tissue. Another unique feature is that it is the only RNA virus of penaeid shrimp that shows a nuclear localization by in situ hybridization. The PvSV has a wide distribution in Brazil and has been found in the states of Maranhão State (Perizes de Baixo), Piaui State (Mexeriqueira), Ceará State (Camocim, Jaguaruana, Aracati and Alto Santo) and Pará State where it has been detected in coinfections with IMNV. The diagnostic methods developed here (real-time RT-PCR and in situ hybridization) are effective for the detection of the pathogen and should be employed to limit its spread. Furthermore, the identification of the PvSV shows the increasing host range of the relatively new family Solinviviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cruz-Flores
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico
- Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, School of Animal & Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Thales P.D. Andrade
- Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, School of Animal & Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico de Enfermidades de Crustáceos, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, 1000 Tirirical, São Luis 65055-970, MA, Brazil
| | - Hung N. Mai
- Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, School of Animal & Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Rod Russel R. Alenton
- Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, School of Animal & Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Arun K. Dhar
- Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, School of Animal & Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Correspondence:
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Claus-Desbonnet H, Nikly E, Nalbantova V, Karcheva-Bahchevanska D, Ivanova S, Pierre G, Benbassat N, Katsarov P, Michaud P, Lukova P, Delattre C. Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives as Potential Antiviral Molecules. Viruses 2022; 14:426. [PMID: 35216019 PMCID: PMC8879384 DOI: 10.3390/v14020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic, it appears that our scientific resources and the medical community are not sufficiently developed to combat rapid viral spread all over the world. A number of viruses causing epidemics have already disseminated across the world in the last few years, such as the dengue or chinkungunya virus, the Ebola virus, and other coronavirus families such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV). The outbreaks of these infectious diseases have demonstrated the difficulty of treating an epidemic before the creation of vaccine. Different antiviral drugs already exist. However, several of them cause side effects or have lost their efficiency because of virus mutations. It is essential to develop new antiviral strategies, but ones that rely on more natural compounds to decrease the secondary effects. Polysaccharides, which have come to be known in recent years for their medicinal properties, including antiviral activities, are an excellent alternative. They are essential for the metabolism of plants, microorganisms, and animals, and are directly extractible. Polysaccharides have attracted more and more attention due to their therapeutic properties, low toxicity, and availability, and seem to be attractive candidates as antiviral drugs of tomorrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrien Claus-Desbonnet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (H.C.-D.); (E.N.); (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Elsa Nikly
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (H.C.-D.); (E.N.); (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Vanya Nalbantova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (D.K.-B.); (N.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Diana Karcheva-Bahchevanska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (D.K.-B.); (N.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Stanislava Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (D.K.-B.); (N.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Guillaume Pierre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (H.C.-D.); (E.N.); (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Niko Benbassat
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (D.K.-B.); (N.B.); (P.L.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Plamen Katsarov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (H.C.-D.); (E.N.); (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Paolina Lukova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.N.); (D.K.-B.); (N.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (H.C.-D.); (E.N.); (G.P.); (P.M.)
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 Rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
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