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Luong QXT, Hoang PT, Lee Y, Ayun RQ, Na K, Park S, Lin C, Ho PT, Lee TK, Lee S. An RNA-hydrolyzing recombinant minibody prevents both influenza A virus and coronavirus in co-infection models. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8472. [PMID: 38605110 PMCID: PMC11009316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
With the lifting of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions, the resurgence of common viral respiratory infections was recorded in several countries worldwide. It facilitates viral co-infection, further burdens the already over-stretched healthcare systems. Racing to find co-infection-associated efficacy therapeutic agents need to be rapidly established. However, it has encountered numerous challenges that necessitate careful investigation. Here, we introduce a potential recombinant minibody-associated treatment, 3D8 single chain variable fragment (scFv), which has been developed as a broad-spectrum antiviral drug that acts via its nucleic acid catalytic and cell penetration abilities. In this research, we demonstrated that 3D8 scFv exerted antiviral activity simultaneously against both influenza A viruses (IAVs) and coronaviruses in three established co-infection models comprising two types of coronaviruses [beta coronavirus-human coronavirus OC43 (hCoV-OC43) and alpha coronavirus-porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)] in Vero E6 cells, two IAVs [A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1 (H1N1/PR8) and A/X-31 (H3N2/X-31)] in MDCK cells, and a combination of coronavirus and IAV (hCoV-OC43 and adapted-H1N1) in Vero E6 cells by a statistically significant reduction in viral gene expression, proteins level, and approximately around 85%, 65%, and 80% of the progeny of 'hCoV-OC43-PEDV', 'H1N1/PR8-H3N2/X-31', and 'hCoV-OC43-adapted-H1N1', respectively, were decimated in the presence of 3D8 scFv. Taken together, we propose that 3D8 scFv is a promising broad-spectrum drug for treatment against RNA viruses in co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Xuan Thi Luong
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Phuong Thi Hoang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Yongjun Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | | | - Kyungho Na
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Seonhyeon Park
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Chengmin Lin
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Phuong Thi Ho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Taek-Kyun Lee
- Ecological Risk Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, 53201, Korea.
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
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Lim EH, Lim SI, Kim MJ, Kwon M, Kim MJ, Lee KB, Choe S, An DJ, Hyun BH, Park JY, Bae YC, Jeoung HY, Lee KK, Lee YH. First Detection of Influenza D Virus Infection in Cattle and Pigs in the Republic of Korea. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1751. [PMID: 37512923 PMCID: PMC10386134 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza D virus (IDV) belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family, which also include the influenza A, B and C virus genera. IDV was first detected and isolated in 2011 in the United States from pigs with respiratory illness. IDV circulates in mammals, including pigs, cattle, camelids, horses and small ruminants. Despite the broad host range, cattle are thought to be the natural reservoir of IDV. This virus plays a role as a causative agent of the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). IDV has been identified in North America, Europe, Asia and Africa. However, there has been no information on the presence of IDV in the Republic of Korea (ROK). In this study, we investigated the presence of viral RNA and seroprevalence to IDV among cattle and pigs in the ROK in 2022. Viral RNA was surveyed by the collection and testing of 999 cattle and 2391 pig nasal swabs and lung tissues using a real-time RT-PCR assay. IDV seroprevalence was investigated by testing 742 cattle and 1627 pig sera using a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. The viral RNA positive rate was 1.4% in cattle, but no viral RNA was detected in pigs. Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin-esterase-fusion (HEF) gene was further conducted for a selection of samples. All sequences belonged to the D/Yamagata/2019 lineage. The seropositivity rates were 54.7% in cattle and 1.4% in pigs. The geometric mean of the antibody titer (GMT) was 68.3 in cattle and 48.5 in pigs. This is the first report on the detection of viral RNA and antibodies to IDV in the ROK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui Hyeon Lim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-In Lim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - MiJung Kwon
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Bok Lee
- Chungnam Veterinary Research Institute, 37 Gulpo-gil, Taean 32138, Republic of Korea
| | - SeEun Choe
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jun An
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Yong Park
- Import Risk Assessment Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Chan Bae
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Jeoung
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ki Lee
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Lee
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
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Laloli L, Licheri MF, Probst L, Licheri M, Gultom M, Holwerda M, V’kovski P, Dijkman R. Time-resolved characterization of the innate immune response in the respiratory epithelium of human, porcine, and bovine during influenza virus infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:970325. [PMID: 36059535 PMCID: PMC9437644 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.970325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral cross-species transmission is recognized to be a major threat to both human and animal health, however detailed information on determinants underlying virus host tropism and susceptibility is missing. Influenza C and D viruses (ICV, IDV) are two respiratory viruses that share up to 50% genetic similarity, and both employ 9-O-acetylated sialic acids to enter a host cell. While ICV infections are mainly restricted to humans, IDV possesses a much broader host tropism and has shown to have a zoonotic potential. This suggests that additional virus–host interactions play an important role in the distinct host spectrum of ICV and IDV. In this study, we aimed to characterize the innate immune response of the respiratory epithelium of biologically relevant host species during influenza virus infection to identify possible determinants involved in viral cross-species transmission. To this end, we performed a detailed characterization of ICV and IDV infection in primary airway epithelial cell (AEC) cultures from human, porcine, and bovine origin. We monitored virus replication kinetics, cellular and host tropism, as well as the host transcriptional response over time at distinct ambient temperatures. We observed that both ICV and IDV predominantly infect ciliated cells, independently from host and temperature. Interestingly, temperature had a profound influence on ICV replication in both porcine and bovine AEC cultures, while IDV replicated efficiently irrespective of temperature and host. Detailed time-resolved transcriptome analysis revealed both species-specific and species uniform host responses and highlighted 34 innate immune-related genes with clear virus-specific and temperature-dependent profiles. These data provide the first comprehensive insights into important common and species-specific virus-host dynamics underlying the distinct host tropism of ICV and IDV, as well as possible determinants involved in viral cross-species transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Laloli
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Lukas Probst
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Licheri
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mitra Gultom
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Melle Holwerda
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philip V’kovski
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ronald Dijkman
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Ronald Dijkman,
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Robinson E, Schulein C, Jacobson BT, Jones K, Sago J, Huber V, Jutila M, Bimczok D, Rynda-Apple A. Pathophysiology of Influenza D Virus Infection in Specific-Pathogen-Free Lambs with or without Prior Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae Exposure. Viruses 2022; 14:1422. [PMID: 35891403 PMCID: PMC9321583 DOI: 10.3390/v14071422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymicrobial pneumonias occur frequently in cattle, swine, and sheep, resulting in major economic losses. Individual pathogens comprising these complex infections may be mild on their own but can instead exhibit synergism or increase host susceptibility. Two examples of such pathogens, Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (M. ovipneumoniae) and influenza D viruses (IDVs), naturally infect domestic sheep. In sheep, the role of M. ovipneumoniae in chronic nonprogressive pneumonia is well-established, but the pathogenesis of IDV infection has not previously been studied. We utilized a specific-pathogen-free sheep flock to study the clinical response to IDV infection in naïve vs. M. ovipneumoniae-exposed lambs. Lambs were inoculated intranasally with M. ovipneumoniae or mock infection, followed after four weeks by infection with IDV. Pathogen shedding was tracked, and immunological responses were evaluated by measuring acute phase response and IDV-neutralizing antibody titers. While lamb health statuses remained subclinical, M. ovipneumoniae-exposed lambs had significantly elevated body temperatures during IDV infection compared to M. ovipneumoniae-naïve, IDV-infected lambs. Moreover, we found a positive correlation between prior M. ovipneumoniae burden, early-infection IDV shedding, and IDV-neutralizing antibody response. Our findings suggest that IDV infection may not induce clinical symptoms in domestic sheep, but previous M. ovipneumoniae exposure may promote mild IDV-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Robinson
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, 2155 Analysis Drive, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA; (E.R.); (C.S.); (B.T.J.); (K.J.); (M.J.); (D.B.)
| | - Clyde Schulein
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, 2155 Analysis Drive, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA; (E.R.); (C.S.); (B.T.J.); (K.J.); (M.J.); (D.B.)
| | - B. Tegner Jacobson
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, 2155 Analysis Drive, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA; (E.R.); (C.S.); (B.T.J.); (K.J.); (M.J.); (D.B.)
| | - Kerri Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, 2155 Analysis Drive, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA; (E.R.); (C.S.); (B.T.J.); (K.J.); (M.J.); (D.B.)
| | - Jonathon Sago
- Montana State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, 1911 West Lincoln Street, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA;
| | - Victor Huber
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA;
| | - Mark Jutila
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, 2155 Analysis Drive, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA; (E.R.); (C.S.); (B.T.J.); (K.J.); (M.J.); (D.B.)
| | - Diane Bimczok
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, 2155 Analysis Drive, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA; (E.R.); (C.S.); (B.T.J.); (K.J.); (M.J.); (D.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Rynda-Apple
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, 2155 Analysis Drive, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA; (E.R.); (C.S.); (B.T.J.); (K.J.); (M.J.); (D.B.)
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Obermeier PE, Seeber LD, Alchikh M, Schweiger B, Rath BA. Incidence, Disease Severity, and Follow-Up of Influenza A/A, A/B, and B/B Virus Dual Infections in Children: A Hospital-Based Digital Surveillance Program. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030603. [PMID: 35337010 PMCID: PMC8955128 DOI: 10.3390/v14030603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus (IV) coinfection, i.e., simultaneous infection with IV and other viruses, is a common occurrence in humans. However, little is known about the incidence and clinical impact of coinfection with two different IV subtypes or lineages (“dual infections”). We report the incidence, standardized disease severity, and follow-up of IV dual infections from a hospital-based digital surveillance cohort, comprising 6073 pediatric patients fulfilling pre-defined criteria of influenza-like illness in Berlin, Germany. All patients were tested for IV A/B by PCR, including subtypes/lineages. We assessed all patients at the bedside using the mobile ViVI ScoreApp, providing a validated disease severity score in real-time. IV-positive patients underwent follow-up assessments until resolution of symptoms. Overall, IV dual infections were rare (4/6073 cases; 0.07%, incidence 12/100,000 per year) but showed unusual and/or prolonged clinical presentations with slightly above-average disease severity. We observed viral rebound, serial infection, and B/Yamagata-B/Victoria dual infection. Digital tools, used for instant clinical assessments at the bedside, combined with baseline/follow-up virologic investigation, help identify coinfections in cases of prolonged and/or complicated course of illness. Infection with one IV does not necessarily prevent consecutive or simultaneous (co-/dual) infection, highlighting the importance of multivalent influenza vaccination and enhanced digital clinical and virological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E. Obermeier
- Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Infectious Diseases & Vaccines, D-10437 Berlin, Germany; (P.E.O.); (L.D.S.); (M.A.)
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement LCE, UMR CNRS 6249, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Lea D. Seeber
- Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Infectious Diseases & Vaccines, D-10437 Berlin, Germany; (P.E.O.); (L.D.S.); (M.A.)
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement LCE, UMR CNRS 6249, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Maren Alchikh
- Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Infectious Diseases & Vaccines, D-10437 Berlin, Germany; (P.E.O.); (L.D.S.); (M.A.)
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement LCE, UMR CNRS 6249, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Brunhilde Schweiger
- National Reference Center for Influenza, Robert Koch-Institute, D-13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Barbara A. Rath
- Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Infectious Diseases & Vaccines, D-10437 Berlin, Germany; (P.E.O.); (L.D.S.); (M.A.)
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement LCE, UMR CNRS 6249, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
- Correspondence:
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