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Huynh LT, Otsuka M, Kobayashi M, Ngo HD, Hew LY, Hiono T, Isoda N, Sakoda Y. Assessment of the Safety Profile of Chimeric Marker Vaccine against Classical Swine Fever: Reversion to Virulence Study. Viruses 2024; 16:1120. [PMID: 39066282 PMCID: PMC11281528 DOI: 10.3390/v16071120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric marker vaccine candidates, vGPE-/PAPeV Erns and vGPE-/PhoPeV Erns, have been generated and their efficacy and capability to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals were confirmed in previous studies. The safety profile of the two chimeric marker vaccine candidates, particularly in the potential reversion to virulence, was evaluated. Each virus was administered to pigs with a dose equivalent to the vaccination dose, and pooled tonsil homogenates were subsequently inoculated into further pigs. Chimeric virus vGPE-/PAPeV Erns displayed the most substantial attenuation, achieving this within only two passages, whereas vGPE-/PhoPeV Erns was detectable until the third passage and disappeared entirely by the fourth passage. The vGPE- strain, assessed alongside, consistently exhibited stable virus recovery across each passage without any signs of increased virulence in pigs. In vitro assays revealed that the type I interferon-inducing capacity of vGPE-/PAPeV Erns was significantly higher than that of vGPE-/PhoPeV Erns and vGPE-. In conclusion, the safety profile of the two chimeric marker vaccine candidates was affirmed. Further research is essential to ensure the stability of their attenuation and safety in diverse pig populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loc Tan Huynh
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; (L.T.H.); (M.K.); (H.D.N.); (L.Y.H.); (T.H.); (N.I.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| | - Mikihiro Otsuka
- The Gifu Hida Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Gifu 506-8688, Japan;
| | - Maya Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; (L.T.H.); (M.K.); (H.D.N.); (L.Y.H.); (T.H.); (N.I.)
| | - Hung Dinh Ngo
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; (L.T.H.); (M.K.); (H.D.N.); (L.Y.H.); (T.H.); (N.I.)
| | - Lim Yik Hew
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; (L.T.H.); (M.K.); (H.D.N.); (L.Y.H.); (T.H.); (N.I.)
| | - Takahiro Hiono
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; (L.T.H.); (M.K.); (H.D.N.); (L.Y.H.); (T.H.); (N.I.)
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Norikazu Isoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; (L.T.H.); (M.K.); (H.D.N.); (L.Y.H.); (T.H.); (N.I.)
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; (L.T.H.); (M.K.); (H.D.N.); (L.Y.H.); (T.H.); (N.I.)
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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Pang F, Long Q, Wei M. Immune evasion strategies of bovine viral diarrhea virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1282526. [PMID: 37900320 PMCID: PMC10613064 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1282526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a significant pathogen that causes great economic losses in the global livestock industry. During the long-term interactions between BVDV and its hosts, the virus has evolved multiple strategies to evade the host's innate immunity and adaptive immunity, thereby promoting viral survival and replication. This review focuses on the most recent research on immune evasion strategies employed by BVDV, including evading type I IFN signaling pathway, evading host adaptive immunity, mediating NF-κB signaling pathway, mediating cell apoptosis and inducing autophagy. Unraveling BVDV's immune evasion strategies will enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of BVDV and contribute to the development of more effective therapies for the prevention, control and eradication of BVDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Pang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Hong T, Yang Y, Wang P, Zhu G, Zhu C. Pestiviruses infection: Interferon-virus mutual regulation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1146394. [PMID: 36936761 PMCID: PMC10018205 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1146394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pestiviruses are a class of viruses that in some cases can cause persistent infection of the host, thus posing a threat to the livestock industry. Interferons (IFNs) are a group of secreted proteins that play a crucial role in antiviral defense. In this review, on the one hand, we elaborate on how pestiviruses are recognized by the host retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I), melanoma-differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), and Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) proteins to induce the synthesis of IFNs. On the other hand, we focus on reviewing how pestiviruses antagonize the production of IFNs utilizing various strategies mediated by self-encoded proteins, such as the structural envelope protein (Erns) and non-structural protein (Npro). Hence, the IFN signal transduction pathway induced by pestiviruses infection and the process of pestiviruses blockade on the production of IFNs intertwines into an intricate regulatory network. By reviewing the interaction between IFN and pestiviruses (based on studies on BVDV and CSFV), we expect to provide a theoretical basis and reference for a better understanding of the mechanisms of induction and evasion of the innate immune response during infection with these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Pengzhi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guoqiang Zhu, ; Congrui Zhu,
| | - Congrui Zhu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guoqiang Zhu, ; Congrui Zhu,
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Song Q, Zhao X, Cao C, Duan M, Shao C, Jiang S, Zhou B, Zhou Y, Dong W, Yang Y, Wang X, Song H. Research advances on interferon (IFN) response during BVDV infection. Res Vet Sci 2022; 149:151-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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