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Agboli E, Tomazatos A, Maiga-Ascofaré O, May J, Lühken R, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Jöst H. Arbovirus Epidemiology: The Mystery of Unnoticed Epidemics in Ghana, West Africa. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1914. [PMID: 36296190 PMCID: PMC9610185 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is evident that all the countries surrounding Ghana have experienced epidemics of key arboviruses of medical importance, such as the recent dengue fever epidemic in Burkina Faso. Therefore, Ghana is considered a ripe zone for epidemics of arboviruses, mainly dengue. Surprisingly, Ghana never experienced the propounded deadly dengue epidemic. Indeed, it is mysterious because the mosquito vectors capable of transmitting the dengue virus, such as Aedes aegypti, were identified in Ghana through entomological investigations. Additionally, cases may be missed, as the diagnostic and surveillance capacities of the country are weak. Therefore, we review the arbovirus situation and outline probable reasons for the epidemic mystery in the country. Most of the recorded cases of arbovirus infections were usually investigated via serology by detecting IgM and IgG immunoglobulins in clinical samples, which is indicative of prior exposure but not an active case. This led to the identification of yellow fever virus and dengue virus as the main circulating arboviruses among the Ghanaian population. However, major yellow fever epidemics were reported for over a decade. It is important to note that the reviewed arboviruses were not frequently detected in the vectors. The data highlight the necessity of strengthening the diagnostics and the need for continuous arbovirus and vector surveillance to provide an early warning system for future arbovirus epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Agboli
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho PMB 31, Ghana
| | - Alexandru Tomazatos
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oumou Maiga-Ascofaré
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi 039-5028, Ghana
| | - Jürgen May
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renke Lühken
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Jöst
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
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Huang Y, Zhang H, Li X, Zhao L, Cai D, Wang S, Ren N, Ma H, Huang D, Wang F, Yuan Z, Zhang B, Xia H. In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of a New Strain of Mosquito Flavivirus Derived from Culicoides. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061298. [PMID: 35746769 PMCID: PMC9229015 DOI: 10.3390/v14061298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-specific flaviviruses comprise a group of insect-specific viruses with a single positive RNA, which can affect the duplication of mosquito-borne viruses and the life growth of mosquitoes, and which have the potential to be developed as a vaccine platform for mosquito-borne viruses. In this study, a strain of mosquito flavivirus (MFV) YN15-283-02 was detected in Culicoides collected from Yunnan, China. The isolation of the purified MFV YN15-283-02 from cell culture failed, and the virus was then rescued by an infectious clone. To study the biological features of MFV YN15-283-02 in vitro and in vivo, electron microscopy, phylogenetic tree, and viral growth kinetic analyses were performed in both cell lines and mosquitoes. The rescued MFV (rMFV) YN15-283-02 duplicated and reached a peak in C6/36 cells at 6 d.p.i. with approximately 2 × 106 RNA copies/μL (RNA to cell ratio of 0.1), but without displaying a cytopathic effect. In addition, the infection rate for the rMFV in Ae.aegypti show a low level in both larvae (≤15%) and adult mosquitoes (≤12%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (N.R.); (H.M.); (D.H.); (F.W.); (Z.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (N.R.); (H.M.); (D.H.); (F.W.); (Z.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (N.R.); (H.M.); (D.H.); (F.W.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Lu Zhao
- Westlake Disease Modeling Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China;
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Dirui Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Shunlong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (N.R.); (H.M.); (D.H.); (F.W.); (Z.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nanjie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (N.R.); (H.M.); (D.H.); (F.W.); (Z.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haixia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (N.R.); (H.M.); (D.H.); (F.W.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Doudou Huang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (N.R.); (H.M.); (D.H.); (F.W.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (N.R.); (H.M.); (D.H.); (F.W.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (N.R.); (H.M.); (D.H.); (F.W.); (Z.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (N.R.); (H.M.); (D.H.); (F.W.); (Z.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (H.X.); Tel.: +86-27-87197607 (B.Z.); +86-27-87198120 (H.X.)
| | - Han Xia
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (N.R.); (H.M.); (D.H.); (F.W.); (Z.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (H.X.); Tel.: +86-27-87197607 (B.Z.); +86-27-87198120 (H.X.)
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