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Chacón RD, Sánchez-Llatas CJ, L Pajuelo S, Diaz Forero AJ, Jimenez-Vasquez V, Médico JA, Soto-Ugaldi LF, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Molecular characterization of the meq oncogene of Marek's disease virus in vaccinated Brazilian poultry farms reveals selective pressure on prevalent strains. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-13. [PMID: 38465827 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2318198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV) has become an increasingly virulent pathogen in the poultry industry despite vaccination efforts to control it. Brazil has experienced a significant rise of Marek's disease (MD) outbreaks in recent years. Our study aimed to analyze the complete meq gene sequences to understand the molecular epidemiological basis of MD outbreaks in Brazilian vaccinated layer farms. We detected a high incidence rate of visceral MD (67.74%) and multiple circulating MDV strains. The most prevalent and geographically widespread genotype presented several clinical and molecular characteristics of a highly virulent strain and evolving under positive selective pressure. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis revealed a closer relationship with strains from the USA and Japan. This study sheds light on the circulation of MDV strains capable of infecting vaccinated birds. We emphasize the urgency of adopting preventive measures to manage MDV outbreaks threatening the poultry farming industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruy D Chacón
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christian J Sánchez-Llatas
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Andrea J Diaz Forero
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jack A Médico
- Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luis F Soto-Ugaldi
- Tri-Institutional Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Nuñez LFN, Chacón RD, Charlys da Costa A, Santander-Parra SH, da Costa Pereira Innocentini R, Sánchez-Llatas CJ, Cea-Callejo P, Ichillumpa SV, Astolfi Ferreira CS, de Sá LRM, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Detection and molecular characterization of chicken parvovirus and chicken megrivirus in layer breeders affected by intestinal dilatation syndrome. Avian Pathol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38916258 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2372486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS IDS presented pathognomonic dilatation of the jejunum up to Meckel's diverticulum.IDS caused weight loss, decreased egg production, and increased culling and mortality.Chicken parvovirus (ChPV) was consistently detected through PCR assays.Chicken megrivirus (ChMV) was consistently detected through viral metagenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fabian N Nuñez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ruy D Chacón
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Silvana H Santander-Parra
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Christian J Sánchez-Llatas
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Cea-Callejo
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefhany Valdeiglesias Ichillumpa
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), Amazonas, Peru
| | - Claudete S Astolfi Ferreira
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Rose Marques de Sá
- Laboratory of Diagnostic and Environmental Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio J Piantino Ferreira
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Emad A, El-Kenawy AA, El-Tholoth M. Molecular characterization of Marek's Disease virus reveals reticuloendotheliosis virus-long terminal repeat integration in the genome of the field isolates in Egypt. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103722. [PMID: 38626691 PMCID: PMC11036097 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The highly contagious, immunosuppressive, and cancer-causing Marek's disease virus (MDV) infects chickens. The financial costs of Marek's disease (MD) are significant for the chicken industry. In this study, a total of 180 samples from chicken farms suspected to be MDV-infected were collected. The chickens were sampled during the period between the months of October 2016 and February 2018 at Dakahlia and Damietta Governorates, Egypt. A total of 36 pooled samples were created. The prepared samples were inoculated into embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs). Indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT) and ICP4 gene-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for MDV identification. For the genetic characterization of the identified virus, The ICP4 gene sequence was identified and compared with the sequences available from various regions of the world. Furthermore, the genomes of all detected MDVs were screened for the long terminal repeat (LTR) region of reticuloendotheliosis (REV) in their genomes. The results showed that 31 out of 36 pooled samples (86.1%) inoculated into ECEs displayed the characteristic pock lesions. By using IFAT and PCR to identify MDV in ECEs, positive results were found in 27 samples (75%). The Egyptian virus is thought to be genetically closely related to MDVs circulating in Ethiopia, China, and India. REV-LTR was amplified from 6 out of 27 field isolates genomes (22.2 %) while MDV vaccine strains were free from REV-LTR insertion. The integrated REV-LTRs depicted a close genetic relationship with those integrated in fowl poxvirus (FWPV) circulating in Egypt as well as those integrated in FWPVs and MDVs from China, USA, South Africa, and Australia. To the best of our knowledge, this investigation represents the first identification and characterization of REV-LTR insertions in Egyptian MDV field isolates. Given the findings above, additional research in the future seems crucial to determine how the REV-LTR insertions affect MDV pathogenesis, virulence, and insufficient vaccination protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Emad
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ali A. El-Kenawy
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Tholoth
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Veterinary Science Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Al Ain Men's Campus, Higher Colleges of Technology, 17155, UAE
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Boaventura ICR, Ribeiro VL, de Souza AJS, Chacón RD, Ferreira AJP, Marutani VHB, Guimarães JP, Sá LRM. Lymphomas in seabirds: case reports in a black skimmer (Rynchops niger) and a brown booby (Sula leucogaster). J Comp Pathol 2024; 211:12-16. [PMID: 38643606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2024.03.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
A black skimmer (Rynchops niger) and a brown booby (Sula leucogaster) were rescued and gross, histopathological, immunohistochemical and polymerase chain reaction evaluations were conducted to investigate the cause of death. There were neoplastic infiltrations of CD3+ PAX5- lymphocytes in the black skimmer and CD3- PAX5+ lymphocytes in the brown booby. Molecular assays for viral agents were negative in both cases. This is the first report of disseminated lymphoma as the cause of stranding and death in these species in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella C R Boaventura
- Instituto Biopesca, R. Carlos Eduardo Conte de Castro, 93 - Canto do Forte, Praia Grande, São Paulo, 11700-430, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Vanessa L Ribeiro
- Instituto Biopesca, R. Carlos Eduardo Conte de Castro, 93 - Canto do Forte, Praia Grande, São Paulo, 11700-430, Brazil
| | - Alex J S de Souza
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Ruy D Chacón
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Antônio J P Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Victor H B Marutani
- State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana P Guimarães
- Instituto Biopesca, R. Carlos Eduardo Conte de Castro, 93 - Canto do Forte, Praia Grande, São Paulo, 11700-430, Brazil
| | - Lilian R M Sá
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil.
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De la Torre D, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Chacón RD, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Molecular characterization of chicken astrovirus from high embryonic mortality based on the capsid protein (ORF2) gene, in Brazil. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:457-464. [PMID: 35791746 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2098691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTIn recent years, reports of chicken astrovirus (CAstV) infections in commercial birds have increased, affecting the poultry industries in Brazil and worldwide. The objective of this study was to use molecular methods to characterize the CAstV found in one breeding and three different incubation companies that reported increased embryonic mortality and the appearance of birds with white chick syndrome (WCS). RT-qPCR with SyBR green chemistry were used to determine the presence of the virus in the feces of breeders, organs of newborn chickens, and unhatched embryos. By sequencing the ORF2 that codes for the viral capsid, the strains responsible for these clinical signs were characterized using strains previously reported in Brazil, North America, Europe, and Asia. The percentage of identity of the amino acid sequences compared with those from group A was less than 41% (37.01% to 40.52%) and the identity with those from subgroups Bi, Bii, and Biii was less than 90% (81.81% to 89.85%). Therefore, the sequences were characterized within subgroup Biv with identity greater than 95% (95.26% to 99.59%), together with CAstV strains previously found in Brazil, Canada, and the United States. Using antigenicity prediction tools, 14 highly conserved peptides located on the surface of the capsid protein were considered potentially responsible for inducing the immune response in the host. Our data provide important information related to the increase in embryo mortality in vertically infected birds, reinforcing the potential association of WCS with CAstV Biv subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- David De la Torre
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,LABIGEN, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Quito EC170521, Ecuador
| | - Claudete S Astolfi-Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ruy D Chacón
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Inter-units Program in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio J Piantino Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Special Issue "Emerging Viruses 2021: Surveillance, Prevention, Evolution and Control". Viruses 2022; 14:v14040815. [PMID: 35458545 PMCID: PMC9031074 DOI: 10.3390/v14040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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