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Farrukee R, Schwab LSU, Barnes JB, Brooks AG, Londrigan SL, Hartmann G, Zillinger T, Reading PC. Induction and antiviral activity of ferret myxovirus resistance (Mx) protein 1 against influenza A viruses. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13524. [PMID: 38866913 PMCID: PMC11169552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Myxovirus resistance (Mx) proteins are products of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) and Mx proteins of different species have been reported to mediate antiviral activity against a number of viruses, including influenza A viruses (IAV). Ferrets are widely considered to represent the 'gold standard' small animal model for studying pathogenesis and immunity to human IAV infections, however little is known regarding the antiviral activity of ferret Mx proteins. Herein, we report induction of ferret (f)Mx1/2 in a ferret lung cell line and in airway tissues from IAV-infected ferrets, noting that fMx1 was induced to higher levels that fMx2 both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression confirmed cytoplasmic expression of fMx1 as well as its ability to inhibit infection and replication of IAV, noting that this antiviral effect of fMx1was modest when compared to cells overexpressing either human MxA or mouse Mx1. Together, these studies provide the first insights regarding the role of fMx1 in cell innate antiviral immunity to influenza viruses. Understanding similarities and differences in the antiviral activities of human and ferret ISGs provides critical context for evaluating results when studying human IAV infections in the ferret model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubaiyea Farrukee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth St., Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Lara S U Schwab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth St., Victoria, 3000, Australia
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - James B Barnes
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth St., Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Sarah L Londrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth St., Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Zillinger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrick C Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth St., Victoria, 3000, Australia.
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Victoria, 3000, Australia.
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