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de Andrés-Torán R, Guidoum L, Zamfir AD, Mora MÁ, Moreno-Vázquez S, García-Arenal F. Tobacco Mild Green Mosaic Virus (TMGMV) Isolates from Different Plant Families Show No Evidence of Differential Adaptation to Their Host of Origin. Viruses 2023; 15:2384. [PMID: 38140625 PMCID: PMC10748040 DOI: 10.3390/v15122384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The relevance of tobamoviruses to crop production is increasing due to new emergences, which cannot be understood without knowledge of the tobamovirus host range and host specificity. Recent analyses of tobamovirus occurrence in different plant communities have shown unsuspectedly large host ranges. This was the case of the tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV), which previously was most associated with solanaceous hosts. We addressed two hypotheses concerning TMGMV host range evolution: (i) ecological fitting, rather than genome evolution, determines TMGMV host range, and (ii) isolates are adapted to the host of origin. We obtained TMGMV isolates from non-solanaceous hosts and we tested the capacity of genetically closely related TMGMV isolates from three host families to infect and multiply in 10 hosts of six families. All isolates systemically infected all hosts, with clear disease symptoms apparent only in solanaceous hosts. TMGMV multiplication depended on the assayed host but not on the isolate's host of origin, with all isolates accumulating to the highest levels in Nicotiana tabacum. Thus, results support that TMGMV isolates are adapted to hosts in the genus Nicotiana, consistent with a well-known old virus-host association. In addition, phenotypic plasticity allows Nicotiana-adapted TMGMV genotypes to infect a large range of hosts, as encountered according to plant community composition and transmission dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Andrés-Torán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP UPM_INIA/CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.A.-T.); (L.G.); (A.D.Z.); (M.Á.M.)
| | - Laura Guidoum
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP UPM_INIA/CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.A.-T.); (L.G.); (A.D.Z.); (M.Á.M.)
| | - Adrian D. Zamfir
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP UPM_INIA/CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.A.-T.); (L.G.); (A.D.Z.); (M.Á.M.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Mora
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP UPM_INIA/CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.A.-T.); (L.G.); (A.D.Z.); (M.Á.M.)
| | - Santiago Moreno-Vázquez
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, E.T.S.I. Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro 2-4, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Fernando García-Arenal
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP UPM_INIA/CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.A.-T.); (L.G.); (A.D.Z.); (M.Á.M.)
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, E.T.S.I. Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro 2-4, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Zamfir AD, Babalola BM, Fraile A, McLeish MJ, García-Arenal F. Tobamoviruses Show Broad Host Ranges and Little Genetic Diversity Among Four Habitat Types of a Heterogeneous Ecosystem. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1697-1707. [PMID: 36916761 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-22-0439-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Host ranges of plant viruses are poorly known, as studies have focused on pathogenic viruses in crops and adjacent wild plants. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) avoids the bias toward plant-virus interactions that result in disease. Here we study the host ranges of tobamoviruses, important pathogens of crops, using HTS analyses of an extensive sample of plant communities in four habitats of a heterogeneous ecosystem. Sequences of 17 virus operational taxonomic units (OTUs) matched references in the Tobamovirus genus, eight had narrow host ranges, and five had wide host ranges. Regardless of host range, the OTU hosts belonged to taxonomically distant families, suggesting no phylogenetic constraints in host use associated with virus adaptation, and that tobamoviruses may be host generalists. The OTUs identified as tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), pepper mild mottle virus, and Youcai mosaic virus had the largest realized host ranges that occurred across habitats and exhibited host use unrelated to the degree of human intervention. This result is at odds with assumptions that contact-transmitted viruses would be more abundant in crops than in wild plant communities and could be explained by effective seed-, contact-, or pollinator-mediated transmission or by survival in the soil. TMGMV and TMV had low genetic diversity that was not structured according to habitat or host plant taxonomy, which indicated that phenotypic plasticity allows virus genotypes to infect new hosts with no need for adaptive evolution. Our results underscore the relevance of ecological factors in host range evolution, in addition to the more often studied genetic factors. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián D Zamfir
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) and Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC) and E.T.S.I. Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Campus de Montegancedo, UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bisola M Babalola
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) and Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC) and E.T.S.I. Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Campus de Montegancedo, UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Fraile
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) and Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC) and E.T.S.I. Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Campus de Montegancedo, UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael J McLeish
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) and Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC) and E.T.S.I. Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Campus de Montegancedo, UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Fernando García-Arenal
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) and Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC) and E.T.S.I. Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Campus de Montegancedo, UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
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Wylie S, Habili N. State-of-the-Art Plant Virus Research in Australasia. Viruses 2023; 15:1311. [PMID: 37376611 DOI: 10.3390/v15061311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Special Issue 'State-of-the-Art Plant Virus Research in Australasia' in Viruses provided a fascinating snapshot of plant and fungus virus research being undertaken in Australasia during the final year of the official COVID-19 pandemic [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Wylie
- The Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Nuredin Habili
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Wine Innovation Central Building, Hartley Grove, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Precinct, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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