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Mao L, Gao Q, Shen Y, Bao C, Xiang H, Chen Q, Gao Q, Huang F, He W, Wang J. EV71 infection alters the lipid composition of human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells-derived extracellular vesicles. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1430052. [PMID: 39301189 PMCID: PMC11411429 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1430052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that EV71-infected cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), facilitating the transfer of viral components to recipient cells and thereby promoting virus spread. Considering lipid signaling plays a crucial role in EVs-mediated cell-to-cell communication, we compared the lipid profile of EVs secreted from uninfected and EV71-infected cells (EVs-Mock and EVs-EV71) using the human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cell model. These two groups of EVs were purified by using size exclusion chromatography (SEC), respectively, and evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking technology (NTA), and Western blotting (WB). In-depth lipidomic analysis of EVs identified 1705 lipid molecules belonging to 43 lipid classes. The data showed a significant increase in the lipid content of EVs after EV71 infection. Meanwhile, we deeply analyzed the changes in lipids and screened for lipid molecules with significant differences compared EVs-EV71 with EVs-Mock EVs. Altogether, we report the alterations in the lipid profile of EVs derived from RD-cells after EV71 infection, which may affect the function of the EVs in the recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiang Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxuan Shen
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenxuan Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huayuan Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianqian Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyuan He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
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Salgado B, Izquierdo B, Zapata A, Sastre I, Kristen H, Terreros J, Mejías V, Bullido MJ, Aldudo J. Cholesterol Modulation Attenuates the AD-like Phenotype Induced by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection. Biomolecules 2024; 14:603. [PMID: 38786010 PMCID: PMC11117519 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol, a crucial component of cell membranes, influences various biological processes, including membrane trafficking, signal transduction, and host-pathogen interactions. Disruptions in cholesterol homeostasis have been linked to congenital and acquired conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous research from our group has demonstrated that herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) induces an AD-like phenotype in several cell models of infection. This study explores the interplay between cholesterol and HSV-1-induced neurodegeneration. The impact of cholesterol was determined by modulating its levels with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MβCD) using the neuroblastoma cell lines SK-N-MC and N2a. We have found that HSV-1 infection triggers the intracellular accumulation of cholesterol in structures resembling endolysosomal/autophagic compartments, a process reversible upon MβCD treatment. Moreover, MβCD exhibits inhibitory effects at various stages of HSV-1 infection, underscoring the importance of cellular cholesterol levels, not only in the viral entry process but also in subsequent post-entry stages. MβCD also alleviated several features of AD-like neurodegeneration induced by viral infection, including lysosomal impairment and intracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau. In conclusion, these findings highlight the connection between cholesterol, neurodegeneration, and HSV-1 infection, providing valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Salgado
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Izquierdo
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Clinico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Zapata
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sastre
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Henrike Kristen
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Terreros
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Mejías
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalunya (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Bullido
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Aldudo
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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Negi G, Sharma A, Chaudhary M, Parveen N. Disruption Mechanisms of Enveloped Viruses by Ionic and Nonionic Surfactants. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:768-780. [PMID: 38228291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The world has witnessed multiple pandemics and endemics caused by enveloped viruses in the past century. To name a few, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and other pandemics/endemics caused by coronaviruses, influenza viruses, HIV-1, etc. The external and topical applications of surfactants have been effective in limiting the spread of viruses. While it is well-known that surfactants inactivate virus particles (virions), the mechanism of action of surfactants against enveloped virions has not yet been established. In this work, we have evaluated the surfactant-induced disruption mechanism of a cocktail of enveloped viruses containing particles of mumps, measles, and rubella viruses. We applied the total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy technique to trace the temporal changes in the fluorescence signal from single virions upon the addition of a surfactant solution. We report that surfactants solubilize either the viral lipid membrane, proteins, or both. Ionic surfactants, depending on their charge and interaction type with the viral lipids and proteins, can cause bursting or perforation of the viral envelope, whereas a nonionic surfactant can cause either symmetric expansion or perforation of the viral envelope depending on the surfactant concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Negi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208016 Kanpur, India
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208016 Kanpur, India
| | - Monika Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208016 Kanpur, India
| | - Nagma Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208016 Kanpur, India
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Cortes-Galvez D, Dangerfield JA, Metzner C. Extracellular Vesicles and Their Membranes: Exosomes vs. Virus-Related Particles. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:397. [PMID: 37103824 PMCID: PMC10146078 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cells produce nanosized lipid membrane-enclosed vesicles which play important roles in intercellular communication. Interestingly, a certain type of extracellular vesicle, termed exosomes, share physical, chemical, and biological properties with enveloped virus particles. To date, most similarities have been discovered with lentiviral particles, however, other virus species also frequently interact with exosomes. In this review, we will take a closer look at the similarities and differences between exosomes and enveloped viral particles, with a focus on events taking place at the vesicle or virus membrane. Since these structures present an area with an opportunity for interaction with target cells, this is relevant for basic biology as well as any potential research or medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cortes-Galvez
- AG Histology and Embryology, Institute of Morphology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Zhang L, Yi Y, Wang T, Song M, Guo K, Zhang Y. 25-hydroxycholesterol inhibits classical swine fever virus entry into porcine alveolar macrophages by depleting plasma membrane cholesterol. Vet Microbiol 2023; 278:109668. [PMID: 36709687 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is an enveloped positive-sense RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. The virus utilizes cellular lipids and manipulates host lipid metabolism to ensure its replication, especially during virus invasion and replication steps. Therefore, identification of the molecular lipid metabolism pathways that are suitable targets is critical for the development of anti-CSFV therapeutics. In this study, we screened the anti-CSFV activity of 12 compounds targeting synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, cholesterol esters, and cholesterol transport. We found that 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), a regulator of cholesterol metabolism and transport, has potent anti-CSFV activity. Mechanistically, we showed that 25HC inhibited CSFV proliferation by blocking the entry of virions into porcine alveolar macrophages (3D4/21) by decreasing cholesterol abundance in the plasma membrane through activation of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). Finally, we revealed that cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H), a redox enzyme that mediates 25HC production, also restricted CSFV infection via both enzyme activity-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Collectively, our results shed light on the mechanisms by which 25HC inhibits CSFV entry into cells and suggests a potential new therapeutic method against CSFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanyan Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mengzhao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Kangkang Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Yanming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Fantini J, Azzaz F, Chahinian H, Yahi N. Electrostatic Surface Potential as a Key Parameter in Virus Transmission and Evolution: How to Manage Future Virus Pandemics in the Post-COVID-19 Era. Viruses 2023; 15:284. [PMID: 36851498 PMCID: PMC9964723 DOI: 10.3390/v15020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-cell interactions involve fundamental parameters that need to be considered in strategies implemented to control viral outbreaks. Among these, the surface electrostatic potential can give valuable information to deal with new epidemics. In this article, we describe the role of this key parameter in the hemagglutination of red blood cells and in the co-evolution of synaptic receptors and neurotransmitters. We then establish the functional link between lipid rafts and the electrostatic potential of viruses, with special emphasis on gangliosides, which are sialic-acid-containing, electronegatively charged plasma membrane components. We describe the common features of ganglioside binding domains, which include a wide variety of structures with little sequence homology but that possess key amino acids controlling ganglioside recognition. We analyze the role of the electrostatic potential in the transmission and intra-individual evolution of HIV-1 infections, including gatekeeper and co-receptor switch mechanisms. We show how to organize the epidemic surveillance of influenza viruses by focusing on mutations affecting the hemagglutinin surface potential. We demonstrate that the electrostatic surface potential, by modulating spike-ganglioside interactions, controls the hemagglutination properties of coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) as well as the structural dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 evolution. We relate the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of repositioned molecules to their ability to disrupt virus-raft interactions, challenging the old concept that an antibiotic or anti-parasitic cannot also be an antiviral. We propose a new concept based on the analysis of the electrostatic surface potential to develop, in real time, therapeutic and vaccine strategies adapted to each new viral epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Fantini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Aix-Marseille, INSERM UMR_S 1072, 13015 Marseille, France
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Nainu F, Ophinni Y, Shiratsuchi A, Nakanishi Y. Apoptosis and Phagocytosis as Antiviral Mechanisms. Subcell Biochem 2023; 106:77-112. [PMID: 38159224 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-40086-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Viruses are infectious entities that make use of the replication machinery of their hosts to produce more progenies, causing disease and sometimes death. To counter viral infection, metazoan hosts are equipped with various defense mechanisms, from the rapid-evoking innate immune responses to the most advanced adaptive immune responses. Previous research demonstrated that cells in fruit flies and mice infected with Drosophila C virus and influenza, respectively, undergo apoptosis, which triggers the engulfment of apoptotic virus-infected cells by phagocytes. This process involves the recognition of eat-me signals on the surface of virus-infected cells by receptors of specialized phagocytes, such as macrophages and neutrophils in mice and hemocytes in fruit flies, to facilitate the phagocytic elimination of virus-infected cells. Inhibition of phagocytosis led to severe pathologies and death in both species, indicating that apoptosis-dependent phagocytosis of virus-infected cells is a conserved antiviral mechanism in multicellular organisms. Indeed, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying apoptosis-dependent phagocytosis of virus-infected cells has shed a new perspective on how hosts defend themselves against viral infection. This chapter explores the mechanisms of this process and its potential for developing new treatments for viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
| | - Youdiil Ophinni
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Laboratory of Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiko Shiratsuchi
- Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Biological Function and Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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