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Cho G, Kim H, Kim DW, Hwang SY, Hwang JH, Chae YR, Lee YH, Jeong OM, Park JW, Park SH, Park JH. Establishment of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Type Asia1 Expressing the HiBiT Protein: A Useful Tool for a NanoBiT Split Luciferase Assay. Viruses 2024; 16:1002. [PMID: 39066165 PMCID: PMC11281472 DOI: 10.3390/v16071002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious virus that affects cloven-hoofed animals and causes severe economic losses in the livestock industry. Given that this high-risk pathogen has to be handled in a biosafety level (BSL)-3 facility for safety reasons and the limited availability of BSL-3 laboratories, experiments on FMDV call for more attention. Therefore, we aimed to develop an FMDV experimental model that can be handled in BSL-2 laboratories. The NanoBiT luciferase (Nano-luc) assay is a well-known assay for studying protein-protein interactions. To apply the NanoBiT split luciferase assay to the diagnosis and evaluation of FMD, we developed an inactivated HiBiT-tagged Asia1 Shamir FMDV (AS-HiBiT), a recombinant Asia1 shamir FMDV with HiBiT attached to the VP1 region of Asia1 shamir FMDV. In addition, we established LgBiT-expressing LF-BK cell lines, termed LgBit-LF-BK cells. It was confirmed that inactivated AS-HiBiT infected LgBiT-LF-BK cells and produced a luminescence signal by binding to the intracellular LgBiT of LgBiT-LF-BK cells. In addition, the luminescence signal became stronger as the number of LgBiT-LF-BK cells increased or the concentration of inactivated AS-HiBiT increased. Moreover, we confirmed that inactivated AS-HiBiT can detect seroconversion in sera positive for FMDV-neutralizing antibodies. This NanoBiT split luciferase assay system can be used for the diagnosis and evaluation of FMD and expanded to FMD-like virus models to facilitate the evaluation of FMDV vaccines and antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sung-Han Park
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (G.C.); (H.K.); (D.-W.K.); (S.Y.H.); (J.-H.H.); (Y.R.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (O.-M.J.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (G.C.); (H.K.); (D.-W.K.); (S.Y.H.); (J.-H.H.); (Y.R.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (O.-M.J.); (J.-W.P.)
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Yang ZC, Wang WL, Jing ZB, Jiang YQ, Zhang HQ, Lee MY, Peng L, Wu QY. Ozone, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxymonosulfate disinfection of MS2 coliphage in water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:824-831. [PMID: 38323647 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00527e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The control of viruses in water is critical to preventing the spread of infectious viral diseases. Many oxidants can inactivate viruses, and this study aims to systematically compare the disinfection effects of ozone (O3), peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on MS2 coliphage. The effects of oxidant dose and contact time on disinfection were explored, as were the disinfection effects of three oxidizing agents in secondary effluent. The 4-log inactivation of MS2 coliphage required 0.05 mM O3, 0.5 mM PMS, or 25 mM H2O2 with a contact time of 30 min. All three oxidants achieved at least 4-log disinfection within 30 min, and O3 required only 0.5 min. In secondary effluent, all three oxidants also achieved 4-log inactivation of MS2 coliphage. Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) results indicate that all three oxidants removed dissolved organic matter synchronously and O3 oxidized dissolved organic matter more thoroughly while maintaining disinfection efficacy. Considering the criteria of oxidant dose, contact time, and disinfection efficacy in secondary effluent, O3 is the best choice for MS2 coliphage disinfection among the three oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Zi-Bo Jing
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yi-Qing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - He-Qing Zhang
- CSCEC Scimee Sci.&Tech. Co., Ltd., Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Min-Yong Lee
- National Institute of Environment Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Lu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Oettler MJ, Conraths FJ, Roesler U, Reiche S, Homeier-Bachmann T, Denzin N. Efficiency of Virucidal Disinfectants on Wood Surfaces in Animal Husbandry. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1019. [PMID: 38792848 PMCID: PMC11124466 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the inactivation of viruses on germ carriers of different types of wood using a disinfectant in order to assess the biosafety of wood as a building material in animal husbandry. The laboratory disinfectant efficacy tests were based on German testing guidelines and current European standards. Five different types of wood germ carriers, i.e., spruce (Picea abies), pine (Pinus sylvestris), poplar (Populus sp.), beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), were inoculated with enveloped or non-enveloped viruses and then treated with one of three different disinfectants. The results revealed that intact, fine-sawn timber with a low roughness depth can be effectively inactivated. Peracetic acid proved to be the most effective disinfectant across all tests. Regardless of the pathogen and the type of wood, a concentration of 0.1% of the pure substance at a temperature of 10 °C and an exposure time of one hour can be recommended. At a temperature of -10 °C, a concentration of 0.75% is recommended. The basic chemicals formic acid and glutaraldehyde demonstrated only limited effectiveness overall. The synergistic effects of various wood components on the inactivation of viruses offer potential for further investigation. Disinfectant tests should also be conclusively verified in field trials to ensure that the results from standardised laboratory tests can be transferred to real stable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. Oettler
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.J.O.); (F.J.C.); (T.H.-B.)
| | - Franz J. Conraths
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.J.O.); (F.J.C.); (T.H.-B.)
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Sven Reiche
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany;
| | - Timo Homeier-Bachmann
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.J.O.); (F.J.C.); (T.H.-B.)
| | - Nicolai Denzin
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.J.O.); (F.J.C.); (T.H.-B.)
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Oettler MJ, Conraths FJ, Roesler U, Reiche S, Homeier-Bachmann T, Denzin N. Tenacity of Animal Disease Viruses on Wood Surfaces Relevant to Animal Husbandry. Viruses 2024; 16:789. [PMID: 38793669 PMCID: PMC11125591 DOI: 10.3390/v16050789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the hygienic suitability of wood often used in animal husbandry. To this end, the inactivation of viruses (Enterovirus E as a surrogate for non-enveloped viruses and Newcastle disease virus as a surrogate for enveloped viruses) on germ carriers consisting of various types of wood was studied over an extended period to assess the biosafety of wood as an agricultural building material. The study was designed to assess the intrinsic biocidal activity of the wood itself, without the use of a disinfectant. The laboratory tests were based on German test guidelines and current European standards. Five different types of wood germ carriers, i.e., spruce (Picea abies), pine (Pinus sylvestris), poplar (Populus sp.), beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), as well as stainless-steel carriers, were inoculated with enveloped and non-enveloped viruses and stored for up to four months, and the remaining infectivity of the viruses was continuously assessed. The results showed that intact, finely sawn timber with a low depth of roughness had an inactivating effect on the viruses up to 7.5 decadal logarithmic levels. For the non-enveloped virus, inactivation was fastest on Douglas fir wood, with the target reduction for effective inactivation (reduction by factor 4.0 log10) being achieved after two weeks, and for the enveloped virus on pine wood, it was already achieved from the day of drying. The hygienic effects of the wood carriers may be due to their hygroscopic properties and wood constituents. These effects offer potential for further investigation, including tests with other wood species rich in extractives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. Oettler
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (F.J.C.); (T.H.-B.); (N.D.)
| | - Franz J. Conraths
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (F.J.C.); (T.H.-B.); (N.D.)
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Sven Reiche
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Timo Homeier-Bachmann
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (F.J.C.); (T.H.-B.); (N.D.)
| | - Nicolai Denzin
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Germany; (F.J.C.); (T.H.-B.); (N.D.)
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