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Hutchings CJ, Sato AK. Phage display technology and its impact in the discovery of novel protein-based drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:887-915. [PMID: 39074492 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2367023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phage display technology is a well-established versatile in vitro display technology that has been used for over 35 years to identify peptides and antibodies for use as reagents and therapeutics, as well as exploring the diversity of alternative scaffolds as another option to conventional therapeutic antibody discovery. Such successes have been responsible for spawning a range of biotechnology companies, as well as many complementary technologies devised to expedite the drug discovery process and resolve bottlenecks in the discovery workflow. AREAS COVERED In this perspective, the authors summarize the application of phage display for drug discovery and provide examples of protein-based drugs that have either been approved or are being developed in the clinic. The amenability of phage display to generate functional protein molecules to challenging targets and recent developments of strategies and techniques designed to harness the power of sampling diverse repertoires are highlighted. EXPERT OPINION Phage display is now routinely combined with cutting-edge technologies to deep-mine antibody-based repertoires, peptide, or alternative scaffold libraries generating a wealth of data that can be leveraged, e.g. via artificial intelligence, to enable the potential for clinical success in the discovery and development of protein-based therapeutics.
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Petrenko VA. Phage Display in Cancer Research: Special Issue Editorial. Viruses 2024; 16:968. [PMID: 38932260 PMCID: PMC11209596 DOI: 10.3390/v16060968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Soon after its birth in 1985, following a short lag period [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery A Petrenko
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Asar M, Newton-Northup J, Soendergaard M. Improving Pharmacokinetics of Peptides Using Phage Display. Viruses 2024; 16:570. [PMID: 38675913 PMCID: PMC11055145 DOI: 10.3390/v16040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Phage display is a versatile method often used in the discovery of peptides that targets disease-related biomarkers. A major advantage of this technology is the ease and cost efficiency of affinity selection, also known as biopanning, to identify novel peptides. While it is relatively straightforward to identify peptides with optimal binding affinity, the pharmacokinetics of the selected peptides often prove to be suboptimal. Therefore, careful consideration of the experimental conditions, including the choice of using in vitro, in situ, or in vivo affinity selections, is essential in generating peptides with high affinity and specificity that also demonstrate desirable pharmacokinetics. Specifically, in vivo biopanning, or the combination of in vitro, in situ, and in vivo affinity selections, has been proven to influence the biodistribution and clearance of peptides and peptide-conjugated nanoparticles. Additionally, the marked difference in properties between peptides and nanoparticles must be considered. While peptide biodistribution depends primarily on physiochemical properties and can be modified by amino acid modifications, the size and shape of nanoparticles also affect both absorption and distribution. Thus, optimization of the desired pharmacokinetic properties should be an important consideration in biopanning strategies to enable the selection of peptides and peptide-conjugated nanoparticles that effectively target biomarkers in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Asar
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA;
| | | | - Mette Soendergaard
- Cell Origins LLC, 1601 South Providence Road Columbia, Columbia, MO 65203, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455, USA
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Podlacha M, Węgrzyn G, Węgrzyn A. Bacteriophages-Dangerous Viruses Acting Incognito or Underestimated Saviors in the Fight against Bacteria? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2107. [PMID: 38396784 PMCID: PMC10889324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The steadily increasing number of drug-resistant bacterial species has prompted the search for alternative treatments, resulting in a growing interest in bacteriophages. Although they are viruses infecting bacterial cells, bacteriophages are an extremely important part of the human microbiota. By interacting with eukaryotic cells, they are able to modulate the functioning of many systems, including the immune and nervous systems, affecting not only the homeostasis of the organism, but potentially also the regulation of pathological processes. Therefore, the aim of this review is to answer the questions of (i) how animal/human immune systems respond to bacteriophages under physiological conditions and under conditions of reduced immunity, especially during bacterial infection; (ii) whether bacteriophages can induce negative changes in brain functioning after crossing the blood-brain barrier, which could result in various disorders or in an increase in the risk of neurodegenerative diseases; and (iii) how bacteriophages can modify gut microbiota. The crucial dilemma is whether administration of bacteriophages is always beneficial or rather if it may involve any risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Podlacha
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (M.P.); (G.W.)
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (M.P.); (G.W.)
| | - Alicja Węgrzyn
- Phage Therapy Center, University Center for Applied and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Gdansk, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland
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Szymanski CM. Bacteriophages and their unique components provide limitless resources for exploitation. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1342544. [PMID: 38380101 PMCID: PMC10877033 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1342544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Szymanski
- Department of Microbiology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Hailstock T, Dai C, Aquino J, Walker KE, Chick S, Manirarora JN, Suresh R, Patil V, Renukaradhya GJ, Sullivan YB, LaBresh J, Lunney JK. Production and characterization of anti-porcine CXCL10 monoclonal antibodies. Cytokine 2024; 174:156449. [PMID: 38141459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Research on C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) has been widely reported for humans and select animal species, yet immune reagents are limited for pig chemokines. Our goal is to provide veterinary immunologists and the biomedical community with new commercial immune reagents and standardized assays. Recombinant porcine CXCL10 (rPoCXCL10) protein was produced by yeast expression and used to generate a panel of α CXCL10 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). All mAbs were assessed for cross-inhibition and reactivity to orthologous yeast expressed CXCL10 proteins. Characterization of a panel of nine α PoCXCL10 mAbs identified six distinct antigenic determinants. A sensitive quantitative sandwich ELISA was developed with anti-PoCXCL10-1.6 and -1.9 mAb; reactivity was verified with both rPoCXCL10 and native PoCXCL10, detected in supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with rPoIFNγ or PMA/Ionomycin. Immunostaining of in vitro rPoIFNγ stimulated pig spleen and blood cells verified CXCL10 + cells as CD3-CD4-CD172+, with occasional CD3-CD4 + CD172 + subsets. Comparison studies determined that α PoCXCL10-1.4 mAb was the ideal mAb clone for intracellular staining, whereas with α PoCXCL10-1.1 and -1.2 mAbs were best for immunohistochemistry analyses. These techniques and tools will be useful for evaluating swine immune development, responses to infectious diseases and vaccines, as well as for improving utility of pigs as an important biomedical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Hailstock
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Chaohui Dai
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA; Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jovan Aquino
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Kristen E Walker
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Shannon Chick
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Jean N Manirarora
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Raksha Suresh
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Veerupaxagouda Patil
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Joan K Lunney
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA.
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Ferrara F, Fanni A, Teixeira AAR, Molina E, Leal-Lopes C, DeAguero A, D'Angelo S, Erasmus MF, Spector L, Rodriguez Carnero LA, Li J, Pohl TJ, Suslov N, Desrumeaux K, McMahon C, Kathuria S, Bradbury ARM. A next-generation Fab library platform directly yielding drug-like antibodies with high affinity, diversity, and developability. MAbs 2024; 16:2394230. [PMID: 39192463 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2024.2394230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously described an in vitro single-chain fragment (scFv) library platform originally designed to generate antibodies with excellent developability properties. The platform design was based on the use of clinical antibodies as scaffolds into which replicated natural complementarity-determining regions purged of sequence liabilities were inserted, and the use of phage and yeast display to carry out antibody selection. In addition to being developable, antibodies generated using our platform were extremely diverse, with most campaigns yielding sub-nanomolar binders. Here, we describe a platform advancement that incorporates Fab phage display followed by single-chain antibody-binding fragment Fab (scFab) yeast display. The scFab single-gene format provides balanced expression of light and heavy chains, with enhanced conversion to IgG, thereby combining the advantages of scFvs and Fabs. A meticulously engineered, quality-controlled Fab phage library was created using design principles similar to those used to create the scFv library. A diverse panel of binding scFabs, with high conversion efficiency to IgG, was isolated against two targets. This study highlights the compatibility of phage and yeast display with a Fab semi-synthetic library design, offering an efficient approach to generate drug-like antibodies directly, facilitating their conversion to potential therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adeline Fanni
- Specifica LLC, a Q2 Solutions Company, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | | | - Esteban Molina
- Specifica LLC, a Q2 Solutions Company, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | | | | | - Sara D'Angelo
- Specifica LLC, a Q2 Solutions Company, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | | | - Laura Spector
- Specifica LLC, a Q2 Solutions Company, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | | | - Jianquan Li
- Specifica LLC, a Q2 Solutions Company, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Thomas J Pohl
- Specifica LLC, a Q2 Solutions Company, Santa Fe, NM, USA
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