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Wang Y, Huang H, Weng H, Jia C, Liao B, Long Y, Yu F, Nie Y. Talin mechanotransduction in disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 166:106490. [PMID: 37914021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Talin protein (Talin 1/2) is a mechanosensitive cytoskeleton protein. The unique structure of the Talin plays a vital role in transmitting mechanical forces. Talin proteins connect the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton by linking to integrins and actin, thereby mediating the conversion of mechanical signals into biochemical signals and influencing disease progression as potential diagnostic indicators, therapeutic targets, and prognostic indicators of various diseases. Most studies in recent years have confirmed that mechanical forces also have a crucial role in the development of disease, and Talin has been found to play a role in several diseases. Still, more studies need to be done on how Talin is involved in mechanical signaling in disease. This review focuses on the mechanical signaling of Talin in disease, aiming to summarize the mechanisms by which Talin plays a role in disease and to provide references for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Haozhong Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Huimin Weng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Chunsen Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Bin Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Dysfunction, Luzhou, China
| | - Yang Long
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
| | - Fengxu Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Dysfunction, Luzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Nie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Dysfunction, Luzhou, China.
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Mishra AK, Hossain MM, Umar M, Sata TN, Yadav AK, Sah AK, Ismail M, Nayak B, Shalimar, Venugopal SK. DDX3-mediated miR-34 expression inhibits autophagy and HBV replication in hepatic cells. J Viral Hepat 2023; 30:327-334. [PMID: 36597176 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
HBV entry to the host cells and its successful infection depends on its ability to modulate the host restriction factors. DEAD box RNA helicase, DDX3, is shown to inhibit HBV replication. However, the exact mechanism of inhibition still remains unclear. DDX3 is involved in multitude or RNA metabolism processes including biogenesis of miRNAs. In this study, we sought to determine the mechanism involved in DDX3-mediated HBV inhibition. First, we observed that HBx protein of HBV downregulated DDX3 expression in HBV-infected cells. Overexpression of DDX3 inhibited HBx, HBsAg and total viral load, while its knockdown reversed the result in Hep G2.2.15 cells. Expression of miR-34 was downregulated in HBV-infected cells. Overexpression of pHBV1.3 further confirmed that HBV downregulates miR-34 expression. Consistent with the previous finding that DDX3 is involved in miRNA biogenesis, we observed that expression of miR-34 positively corelated with DDX3 expression. miRNA target prediction tools showed that miR-34 can target autophagy pathway which is hijacked by HBV for the benefit of its own replication. Indeed, transfection with miR-34 oligos downregulated the expression of autophagy marker proteins in HBV-expressing cells. Overexpression of DDX3 in HBV-expressing cells, downregulated expression of autophagy proteins while silencing of DDX3 reversed the results. These results led us to conclude that DDX3 upregulates miR-34 expression and thus inhibits autophagy in HBV-expressing cells while HBx helps HBV evade DDX3-mediated inhibition by downregulating DDX3 expression in HBV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Mishra
- Lab of molecular medicine and Hepatology, FLSB, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Musa Hossain
- Lab of molecular medicine and Hepatology, FLSB, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Umar
- Lab of molecular medicine and Hepatology, FLSB, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Teja Naveen Sata
- Lab of molecular medicine and Hepatology, FLSB, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay K Yadav
- Lab of molecular medicine and Hepatology, FLSB, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Amrendra Kumar Sah
- Lab of molecular medicine and Hepatology, FLSB, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Ismail
- Lab of molecular medicine and Hepatology, FLSB, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Baibaswata Nayak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Mishra AK, Hossain MM, Sata TN, Yadav AK, Zadran S, Sah AK, Nayak B, Shalimar, Venugopal SK. Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Inhibits the Expression of Barrier To Autointegration factor1 via Upregulating miR-203 Expression in Hepatic Cells. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0123522. [PMID: 36519846 PMCID: PMC9927095 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01235-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection targets host restriction factors that inhibit its replication and survival. Previous studies have shown that barriers to autointegration factor1 (BANF1) inhibited the replication of herpes simplex virus and vaccinia virus by binding to phosphate backbone of dsDNA. To date, no reports are available for the interplay between BANF1 and HBV. In this study, we elucidated the mechanisms by which HBV inhibit BANF1. First, the effect of HBV on BANF1 was observed in Huh-7, Hep G2, and Hep G2.2.15 cells. Huh-7 cells were transfected with pHBV1.3 or HBx plasmids. The results showed that there was a decreased expression of BANF1 in Hep G2.2.15 cells (P ≤ 0.005) or in HBV/HBx expressing Huh-7 cells (P ≤ 0.005), whereas BANF1 overexpression decreased viral replication (P ≤ 0.05). To study whether phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of BANF1 was responsible for antiviral activity, mutants were created, and it was found that inhibition due to mutants was less significant compared to BANF1 wild type. Previous studies have shown that HBV, at least in part, could regulate the expression of host miRNAs via HBx. It was found that miR-203 expression was high in Hep G2.2.15 cells (P ≤ 0.005) compared to Hep G2 cells. Next, the effect of HBx on miR-203 expression was studied and result showed that HBx upregulated miR-203 expression (P ≤ 0.005). Overexpression of miR-203 downregulated BANF1 expression (P ≤ 0.05) and viral titer was upregulated (P ≤ 0.05), while inhibition of miR-203, reversed these changes. In conclusion, BANF1 downregulated HBV, whereas HBV inhibited BANF1, at least in part, via HBx-mediated miR-203 upregulation in hepatic cells. IMPORTANCE In this study, for the first time, we found that BANF1 inhibited HBV replication and restricted the viral load. However, as previously reported for other viruses, the results in this study showed that BAF1 phosphorylation/dephosphorylation is not involved in its antiviral activity against HBV. HBV infection inhibited the intracellular expression of BANF1, via HBx-mediated upregulation of miR-203 expression. Overexpression of miR-203 downregulated BANF1 and increased the viral titer, while inhibition of miR-203 reversed these changes. This study helped us to understand the molecular mechanisms by which HBV survives and replicates in the host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Mishra
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Musa Hossain
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India
| | - Teja Naveen Sata
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay K. Yadav
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India
| | - Shahidullah Zadran
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India
| | - Amrendra Kumar Sah
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India
| | - Baibaswata Nayak
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Shalimar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Senthil Kumar Venugopal
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India
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Zhao Y, Lykov N, Tzeng C. Talin‑1 interaction network in cellular mechanotransduction (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:60. [PMID: 35266014 PMCID: PMC8930095 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical signals within the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulate cell growth, proliferation and differentiation, and integrins function as the hub between the ECM and cellular actin. Focal adhesions (FAs) are multi‑protein, integrin‑containing complexes, acting as tension‑sensing anchoring points that bond cells to the extracellular microenvironment. Talin‑1 serves as the central protein of FAs that participates in the activation of integrins and connects them with the actin cytoskeleton. As a cytoplasmic protein, Talin‑1 consists of a globular head domain and a long rod comprised of a series of α‑helical bundles. The unique structure of the Talin‑1 rod domain permits folding and unfolding in response to the mechanical stress, revealing various binding sites. Thus, conformation changes of the Talin‑1 rod domain enable the cell to convert mechanical signals into chemical through multiple signaling pathways. The present review discusses the binding partners of Talin‑1, their interactions, effects on the cellular processes, and their possible roles in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, P.R. China
| | - Nikita Lykov
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, P.R. China
| | - Chimeng Tzeng
- Translational Medicine Research Center-Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Theragnostic and Clinical Translation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
- Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital Medical Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
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Erken R, Andre P, Roy E, Kootstra N, Barzic N, Girma H, Laveille C, Radreau‐Pierini P, Darteil R, Vonderscher J, Scalfaro P, Tangkijvanich P, Flisiak R, Reesink H. Farnesoid X receptor agonist for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: A safety study. J Viral Hepat 2021; 28:1690-1698. [PMID: 34467593 PMCID: PMC9293351 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates bile acid homeostasis and is a drug target for metabolic liver diseases. FXR also plays an important role in hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA transcription. In vitro and in mice, FXR agonist treatment leads to inhibition of viral replication and a decline in viral proteins, pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) and HBV DNA levels. We aimed to translate this to a clinical use by primarily evaluating the safety and secondary the anti-viral effect of Vonafexor, a FXR agonist, in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. In total, 73 CHB patients were enrolled in a two-part Phase Ib double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients were randomized to receive oral Vonafexor (100, 200 and 400 mg once daily, or 200 mg twice daily), placebo, or entecavir (Part A, n = 48) or to receive Vonafexor (300 mg once daily or 150 mg twice daily), or placebo, combined with pegylated-interferon-α2a (Part B, n = 25) for 29 days. Patients were followed up for 35 days. Enrolled CHB patients were mostly HBeAg-negative. Vonafexor was overall well tolerated and safe. The most frequent adverse events were moderate gastrointestinal events. Pruritus was more frequent with twice-daily compared with once-daily regimens (56%-67% vs. 16%, respectively, p < 0.05). Vonafexor monotherapy of 400 mg once daily decreased HBsAg concentrations (-0.1 log10 IU/mL, p < 0.05), and Vonafexor/pegylated-IFN-α2a combination therapy decreased HBcrAg and pgRNA. In conclusion, Vonafexor was safe with a decline in HBV markers observed in CHB patients suggesting a potential anti-viral effect the therapeutic potential of which has to be evaluated in larger trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Erken
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamDuivendrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Patrice Andre
- Inserm U1111CNRS UMR5308Université Lyon 1, and Ecole Normale Supérieure de LyonLyonFrance
| | | | - Neeltje Kootstra
- Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamDepartment of Experimental ImmunologyAmsterdam Infection & Immunity InstituteUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pisit Tangkijvanich
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver CancerFaculty of MedicineChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Robert Flisiak
- Klinika Chorób Zakaźnych I Hepatologii UMBUniwersytecki Szpital Kliniczny w BiałymstokuBiałystokPoland
| | - Henk Reesink
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
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6
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Drechsler Y, Vasconcelos EJR, Griggs LM, Diniz PPPV. CRFK and Primary Macrophages Transcriptomes in Response to Feline Coronavirus Infection Differ Significantly. Front Genet 2020; 11:584744. [PMID: 33343631 PMCID: PMC7745755 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.584744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses are highly infectious and common in many species, including in humans, and agricultural and domestic animals. Host responses play an important role in viral entry, replication, assembly, and pathogenesis, although much is still to be understood, particularly host-virus interactions. Feline coronavirus is highly contagious, and ubiquitous in virtually all cat populations. Host-pathogen interactions have not been studied extensively due to the complex pathogenesis and development of clinical disease. Few studies have investigated cellular host responses to feline coronavirus infection, particularly at early time points. Transcriptome studies based on next-generation sequencing have the potential to elucidate the early responses of cells after viral infection and, consequently, give further insight into the pathogenesis of viruses. The current study aims to characterize and compare the viral- and immune-related differentially expressed genes in response to the coronavirus FIPV across different time points in a cell line which is permissive for productive replication versus primary cells implicated in pathogenesis. When comparing host responses in Crandell-Rees Feline Kidney (CRFK) cells to primary macrophages, many differences were observed with regards to expressed genes and their enrichments for both KEGG pathways and GO terms. CRFK cells which are permissive for productive replication of feline infectious peritonitis virus, showed induction of a large network of immunological and virally induced pathways. In contrast, Macrophages did not show similar host responses, with stronger pathway enrichment in downregulated transcripts. This study provides insights to better understand gene transcription in immune cells compared to epithelial cells discerning pathways relevant to pathogenesis in the early stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Drechsler
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | | | - Lisa M Griggs
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Pedro P P V Diniz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
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7
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Lobov AA, Yudintceva NM, Mittenberg AG, Shabelnikov SV, Mikhailova NA, Malashicheva AB, Khotin MG. Proteomic Profiling of the Human Fetal Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Secretome. Molecules 2020; 25:E5283. [PMID: 33198321 PMCID: PMC7716221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretome of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is actively used in biomedical applications such as alveolar bone regeneration, treatment of cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders. Nevertheless, hMSCs have low proliferative potential and production of the industrial quantity of their secretome might be challenging. Human fetal multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (FetMSCs) isolated from early human embryo bone marrow are easy to expand and might be a potential source for pharmaceutical substances production based on their secretome. However, the secretome of FetMSCs was not previously analyzed. Here, we describe the secretome of FetMSCs using LC-MALDI shotgun proteomics. We identified 236 proteins. Functional annotation of the identified proteins revealed their involvement in angiogenesis, ossification, regulation of apoptosis, and immune response processes, which made it promising for biomedical applications. The proteins identified in the FetMSCs secretome are involved in the same biological processes as proteins from previously described adult hMSCs secretomes. Nevertheless, many of the common hMSCs secretome components (such as VEGF, FGF, Wnt and TGF-β) have not been identified in the FetMSCs secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna B. Malashicheva
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Science, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.L.); (N.M.Y.); (A.G.M.); (S.V.S.); (N.A.M.); (M.G.K.)
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Mohamed AA, El-Toukhy N, Ghaith DM, Badawy I, Abdo SM, Elkadeem M, Mahrous MN, Abd-Elsalam S. Talin-1 Gene Expression as a Tumor Marker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients: A Pilot Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1875318302010010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background & Aims:
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor. It is the second most common cancer in men and the sixth in women in Egypt. One of the proteins participating in the trans-endothelial migration is Talin-1. It also has a role in the formation and metastasis of different types of cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic impact of Talin-1 gene expression in HCC Egyptian patients.
Methods:
Our study included forty HCC patients, thirty liver cirrhosis patients without HCC and thirty healthy subjects. For all groups, clinical and biochemical parameters were investigated. Tumor characteristics were assessed and tumor staging was done using Okuda, CLIP, VISUM and Tokyo staging systems. In addition, Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) levels were assayed using Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) and Talin-1 gene expression was assessed in the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) via quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
Results:
Talin-1 gene expression was significantly upregulated in HCC patients in comparison to cirrhotic and control subjects. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that Talin-1 gene expression surpasses serum levels of AFP in the diagnosis of HCC. In particular, the cut off value of 9.5 (2-∆∆Ct) recorded an AUC of 85.7% with a sensitivity of 93.3% and specificity of 80%.
Conclusion:
Our data confirmed an évident diagnostic role of Talin-1 gene expression for HCC detection.
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Minor MM, Hollinger FB, McNees AL, Jung SY, Jain A, Hyser JM, Bissig KD, Slagle BL. Hepatitis B Virus HBx Protein Mediates the Degradation of Host Restriction Factors through the Cullin 4 DDB1 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Complex. Cells 2020; 9:E834. [PMID: 32235678 PMCID: PMC7226812 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) regulatory HBx protein is required for infection, and its binding to cellular damaged DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1) is critical for this function. DDB1 is an adaptor protein for the cullin 4A Really Interesting New Gene (RING) E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL4) complex and functions by binding cellular DDB1 cullin associated factor (DCAF) receptor proteins that recruit substrates for ubiquitination and degradation. We compared the proteins found in the CRL4 complex immunoprecipitated from uninfected versus HBV-infected hepatocytes from human liver chimeric mice for insight into mechanisms by which HBV and the cell interact within the CRL4 complex. Consistent with its role as a viral DCAF, HBx was found in the HBV CRL4 complexes. In tissue culture transfection experiments, we showed that HBx expression led to decreased levels of known restriction factor structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 6 (SMC6) and putative restriction factors stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2), and proteasome activator subunit 4 (PSME4). Moreover, silencing of these proteins led to increased HBV replication in the HepG2-sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) infection model. We also identified cellular DCAF receptors in CRL4 complexes from humanized mice. Increasing amounts of HBx did not reveal competitive DCAF binding to cullin4 (CUL4)-DDB1 in plasmid-transfected cells. Our results suggest a model in which HBx benefits virus replication by directly or indirectly degrading multiple cellular restriction factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa M. Minor
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.M.M.); (F.B.H.); (A.L.M.); (J.M.H.)
| | - F. Blaine Hollinger
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.M.M.); (F.B.H.); (A.L.M.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Adrienne L. McNees
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.M.M.); (F.B.H.); (A.L.M.); (J.M.H.)
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Antrix Jain
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Joseph M. Hyser
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.M.M.); (F.B.H.); (A.L.M.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Karl-Dimiter Bissig
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Betty L. Slagle
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.M.M.); (F.B.H.); (A.L.M.); (J.M.H.)
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
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Moar P, Sushmita K, Kateriya S, Tandon R. Transcriptional profiling indicates cAMP-driven reversal of HIV latency in monocytes occurs via transcription factor SP-1. Virology 2020; 542:40-53. [PMID: 32056667 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Latent HIV reservoir is a major barrier to absolute HIV cure. Studies on latency reversal agents (LRA) have by far focused mainly on CD4+ T-lymphocytes, while myeloid reservoirs remain under-represented despite their persistence and key contribution to HIV pathogenesis. cAMP has been shown to increase HIV-1 transcription in latently-infected monocytes/macrophages. In this communication, we explored the potential of commercially available pharmacological drugs and phosphodiesterase inhibitors to reactivate HIV in latently-infected monocytic cell-line, U1. We showed that increased levels of intracellular cAMP reverse HIV latency in vitro, which is specific to cells of the myeloid lineage. High throughput RNA-seq analysis revealed that cAMP modulates transcriptional profile of latently HIV-infected cells and provides favourable cellular environment for HIV to produce viral proteins. This reactivation of latent HIV was inhibited by Mithramycin A, a selective Sp1 inhibitor, indicating that the reversal of HIV latency in monocytes is driven by transcription factor Sp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Moar
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kumari Sushmita
- Laboratory of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Suneel Kateriya
- Laboratory of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Tandon
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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11
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Shen B, Chen Y, Hu J, Qiao M, Ren J, Hu J, Chen J, Tang N, Huang A, Hu Y. Hepatitis B virus X protein modulates upregulation of DHX9 to promote viral DNA replication. Cell Microbiol 2019; 22:e13148. [PMID: 31829498 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of acute and chronic liver diseases. During the HBV life cycle, HBV hijacks various host factors to assist viral replication. In this research, we find that the HBV regulatory protein X (HBx) can induce the upregulation of DExH-box RNA helicase 9 (DHX9) expression by repressing proteasome-dependent degradation mediated by MDM2. Furthermore, we demonstrate that DHX9 contributes to viral DNA replication in dependence on its helicase activity and nuclear localization. In addition, the promotion of viral DNA replication by DHX9 is dependent on its interaction with Nup98. Our findings reveal that HBx-mediated DHX9 upregulation is essential for HBV DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bocun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, 109#, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, 109#, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, 109#, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, 109#, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, 109#, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, 109#, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, 109#, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, 109#, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, 109#, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, 109#, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Kong F, You H, Kong D, Zheng K, Tang R. The interaction of hepatitis B virus with the ubiquitin proteasome system in viral replication and associated pathogenesis. Virol J 2019; 16:73. [PMID: 31146743 PMCID: PMC6543661 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) regulates the expression levels of cellular proteins by ubiquitination of protein substrates followed by their degradation via the proteasome. As a highly conserved cellular degradation mechanism, the UPS affects a variety of biological processes and participates in viral propagation. Main body During hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the UPS is shown to act as a double-edged sword in viral pathogenesis. On the one hand, the UPS acts as a host defense mechanism to selectively recognize HBV proteins as well as special cellular proteins that favor the viral life cycle and induces their ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation to limit HBV infection. On the other hand, the HBV has evolved to subvert the UPS function for its own advantage. Moreover, in the infected hepatocytes, certain cellular proteins that are dependent on the UPS are involved in abnormal biological processes which are mediated by HBV. Conclusion The molecular interaction of HBV with the UPS to modulate viral propagation and pathogenesis is summarized in the review. Considering the important role of the UPS in HBV infection, a better understanding of the HBV-UPS interaction could provide novel insight into the mechanisms that are involved in viral replication and pathogenesis and help to develop potential treatment strategies targeting the UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyun Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongjuan You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Delong Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China. .,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Role of HBx in hepatitis B virus persistence and its therapeutic implications. Curr Opin Virol 2018; 30:32-38. [PMID: 29454995 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is a significant risk factor for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The HBx protein is required for virus replication, but the lack of robust infection models has hindered our understanding of HBx functions that could be targeted for antiviral purposes. We briefly review three properties of HBx: its binding to DDB1 and its regulation of cell survival and metabolism, to illustrate how a single viral protein can have multiple effects in a cell. We propose that different functions of HBx are needed, depending on the changing hepatocyte environment encountered during a chronic virus infection, and that these functions might serve as novel therapeutic targets for inhibiting hepatitis B virus replication and the development of associated diseases.
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Huang F, Cai P, Wang Y, Zhou X, Chen H, Liao W, Mao Y, Zha X, Zhang H, Hu Z. Up-regulation of brain-expressed X-linked 2 is critical for hepatitis B virus X protein-induced hepatocellular carcinoma development. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65789-65799. [PMID: 29029472 PMCID: PMC5630372 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause for HCC. Hepatitis B virus X (HBx), one of four proteins encoded by HBV genome, plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of HBV-induced HCC. However, the molecular mechanisms of HBx-triggered HCC remain largely undetermined. Here we revealed that the expression of Brain-expressed X-linked 2 (BEX2) and Osteopontin (OPN) were elevated in liver tissues of HBV transgenic mice and human HCC specimens. Moreover, a positive correlation between BEX2 and OPN was exhibited in samples from HCC patients with HBV infection. The protein levels of BEX2 and OPN were both higher in HBV-positive HCC specimens compared to that of HBV-negative HCC specimens. HBx potentiated OPN expression through up-regulation of BEX2. Importantly, the depletion of BEX2 suppressed tumorigenic potential of HCC cells with highly expressed HBx. We demonstrated the important role of BEX2 in HCC pathogenesis, and BEX2 may be a novel therapeutic target for HCC patients with HBV infection. The newly identified HBx/BEX2/OPN signaling cassette is implicated in the pathogenesis of HBV-induced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Liao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Zha
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Interleukin-34 inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179605. [PMID: 28614380 PMCID: PMC5470710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection could activate the immune system and induce extensive inflammatory response. As the most important inflammatory factor, interleukins are critical for anti-viral immunity. Here we investigated whether interleukin-34 (IL-34) play a role in HBV infection. Methodology/Principal findings In this study, we first found that both serum IL-34 and IL-34 mRNA in PBMCs in chronic HBV patients was significantly decreased compared to the healthy controls. Furthermore, both IL-34 protein and mRNA levels were declined hepatoma cells expressing HBV. In addition, the clinical parameters analysis found that serum IL-34 was significantly associated with HBV DNA (P = 0.0066), ALT (P = 0.0327), AST (P = 0.0435), TB (P = 0.0406), DB (P = 0.0368) and AFP (P = 0.0225). Correlation analysis also found that serum IL-34 negatively correlated with HBV DNA copies, ALT and AST. In vitro studies found that IL-34 treatment in HepAD38 and HepG2.2.15 cells markedly inhibited HBV DNA, total RNA, 3.5kb mRNA and HBc protein. In vivo studies further demonstrated IL-34 treatment in HBV transgenic mice exhibited greater inhibition on HBV DNA, total RNA, 3.5kb mRNA and HBc protein, suggesting the effect to IL-34 on HBV is likely due to host innate or adaptive immune response. Conclusions/Significance Our study identified a novel interleukin, IL-34, which has anti-viral activity in HBV replication in hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest a rationale for the use of IL-34 in the HBV treatment.
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