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Wang S, Wang X, Li S, Sun X, Xue M, Di D, Zhang A, Zhang Y, Xia Y, Zhou T, Fan Z. Maize lipid droplet-associated protein 2 is recruited by a virus to enhance viral multiplication and infection through regulating cellular fatty acid metabolism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:2484-2499. [PMID: 39007841 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Pathogen infection induces massive reprogramming of host primary metabolism. Lipid and fatty acid (FA) metabolism is generally disrupted by pathogens and co-opted for their proliferation. Lipid droplets (LDs) that play important roles in regulating cellular lipid metabolism are utilized by a variety of pathogens in mammalian cells. However, the function of LDs during pathogenic infection in plants remains unknown. We show here that infection by rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) affects the lipid metabolism of maize, which causes elevated accumulation of C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) leading to viral proliferation and symptom development. The overexpression of one of the two novel LD-associated proteins (LDAPs) of maize (ZmLDAP1 and ZmLDAP2) induces LD clustering. The core capsid protein P8 of RBSDV interacts with ZmLDAP2 and prevents its degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system mediated by a UBX domain-containing protein, PUX10. In addition, silencing of ZmLDAP2 downregulates the expression of FA desaturase genes in maize, leading to a decrease in C18 PUFAs levels and suppression of RBSDV accumulation. Our findings reveal that plant virus may recruit LDAP to regulate cellular FA metabolism to promote viral multiplication and infection. These results expand the knowledge of LD functions and viral infection mechanisms in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wang
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Siqi Li
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xi Sun
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingshuo Xue
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dianping Di
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Aihong Zhang
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yongjiang Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yiji Xia
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zaifeng Fan
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
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Cao X, Huang M, Wang S, Li T, Huang Y. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus: Characteristics, influence, and regulation mechanism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108812. [PMID: 38875781 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a DNA virus belonging to the genus Begomovirus, significantly impedes the growth and development of numerous host plants, including tomatoes and peppers. Due to its rapid mutation rate and frequent recombination events, achieving complete control of TYLCV proves exceptionally challenging. Consequently, identifying resistance mechanisms become crucial for safeguarding host plants from TYLCV-induced damage. This review article delves into the global distribution, dispersal patterns, and defining characteristics of TYLCV. Moreover, the intricate interplay between TYLCV and various influencing factors, such as insect vectors, susceptible host plants, and abiotic stresses, plays a pivotal role in plant-TYLCV interactions. The review offers an updated perspective on recent investigations focused on plant response mechanisms to TYLCV infection, including the intricate relationship between TYLCV, whiteflies, and regulatory factors. This comprehensive analysis aims to establish a foundation for future research endeavors exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying TYLCV infection and the development of plant resistance through breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cao
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong Province, 276000, China
| | - Mengna Huang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong Province, 276000, China
| | - Shimei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China
| | - Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China.
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong Province, 276000, China.
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3
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Li W, Wang Y, Zhang M, Zhao S, Wang M, Zhao R, Chen J, Zhang Y, Xia P. Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Analysis of Potential Host Proteins Interacting with GP5 in PRRSV-Infected PAMs. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2778. [PMID: 38474030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a typical immunosuppressive virus causing a large economic impact on the swine industry. The structural protein GP5 of PRRSV plays a pivotal role in its pathogenicity and immune evasion. Virus-host interactions play a crucial part in viral replication and immune escape. Therefore, understanding the interactions between GP5 and host proteins are significant for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) control. However, the interaction network between GP5 and host proteins in primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) has not been reported. In this study, 709 GP5-interacting host proteins were identified in primary PAMs by immunoprecipitation coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these proteins were involved in multiple cellular processes, such as translation, protein transport, and protein stabilization. Subsequently, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assay confirmed that GP5 could interact with antigen processing and presentation pathways related proteins. Finally, we found that GP5 may be a key protein that inhibits the antigen processing and presentation pathway during PRRSV infection. The novel host proteins identified in this study will be the candidates for studying the biological functions of GP5, which will provide new insights into PRRS prevention and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yueshuai Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shijie Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mengxiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruijie Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yina Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Pingan Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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4
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Medina-Puche L, Lozano-Durán R. Immunoprecipitation Followed by Mass Spectrometry: An Approach for Identifying Host-Viral Protein-Protein Interactions. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2724:289-305. [PMID: 37987914 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3485-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses rely on the efficient manipulation of the cell they invade in order to multiply and spread. Protein-protein interactions between viral proteins (or their complexes) and cellular proteins are at the interface between virus and host and hence crucial for the outcome of the infection. Multiple techniques can be used to study protein-protein interactions in vivo in the context of the infected cell; among them, immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry (IP-MS) has proven an efficient approach for the unbiased identification of protein complexes containing a viral protein of interest. In this chapter, we discuss how to employ IP-MS to define the interactome of plant virus proteins by using transient expression in the experimental host Nicotiana benthamiana, using the geminivirus tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Medina-Puche
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rosa Lozano-Durán
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
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Romero-Rodríguez B, Petek M, Jiao C, Križnik M, Zagorščak M, Fei Z, Bejarano ER, Gruden K, Castillo AG. Transcriptional and epigenetic changes during tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection in tomato. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:651. [PMID: 38110861 PMCID: PMC10726652 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geminiviruses are DNA plant viruses that cause highly damaging diseases affecting crops worldwide. During the infection, geminiviruses hijack cellular processes, suppress plant defenses, and cause a massive reprogramming of the infected cells leading to major changes in the whole plant homeostasis. The advances in sequencing technologies allow the simultaneous analysis of multiple aspects of viral infection at a large scale, generating new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant-virus interactions. However, an integrative study of the changes in the host transcriptome, small RNA profile and methylome during a geminivirus infection has not been performed yet. Using a time-scale approach, we aim to decipher the gene regulation in tomato in response to the infection with the geminivirus, tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). RESULTS We showed that tomato undergoes substantial transcriptional and post-transcriptional changes upon TYLCV infection and identified the main altered regulatory pathways. Interestingly, although the principal plant defense-related processes, gene silencing and the immune response were induced, this cannot prevent the establishment of the infection. Moreover, we identified extra- and intracellular immune receptors as targets for the deregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) and established a network for those that also produced phased secondary small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs). On the other hand, there were no significant genome-wide changes in tomato methylome at 14 days post infection, the time point at which the symptoms were general, and the amount of viral DNA had reached its maximum level, but we were able to identify differentially methylated regions that could be involved in the transcriptional regulation of some of the differentially expressed genes. CONCLUSION We have conducted a comprehensive and reliable study on the changes at transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic levels in tomato throughout TYLCV infection. The generated genomic information is substantial for understanding the genetic, molecular and physiological changes caused by TYLCV infection in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Romero-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM "La Mayora"), Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMA-CSIC), Boulevard Louis Pasteur, 49, Málaga, 29010, Spain
| | - Marko Petek
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Chen Jiao
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Maja Križnik
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Zagorščak
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Eduardo R Bejarano
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM "La Mayora"), Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMA-CSIC), Boulevard Louis Pasteur, 49, Málaga, 29010, Spain
| | - Kristina Gruden
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Araceli G Castillo
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM "La Mayora"), Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMA-CSIC), Boulevard Louis Pasteur, 49, Málaga, 29010, Spain.
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6
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Shakir S, Mubin M, Nahid N, Serfraz S, Qureshi MA, Lee TK, Liaqat I, Lee S, Nawaz-ul-Rehman MS. REPercussions: how geminiviruses recruit host factors for replication. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1224221. [PMID: 37799604 PMCID: PMC10548238 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1224221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular single-stranded DNA viruses of the family Geminiviridae encode replication-associated protein (Rep), which is a multifunctional protein involved in virus DNA replication, transcription of virus genes, and suppression of host defense responses. Geminivirus genomes are replicated through the interaction between virus Rep and several host proteins. The Rep also interacts with itself and the virus replication enhancer protein (REn), which is another essential component of the geminivirus replicase complex that interacts with host DNA polymerases α and δ. Recent studies revealed the structural and functional complexities of geminivirus Rep, which is believed to have evolved from plasmids containing a signature domain (HUH) for single-stranded DNA binding with nuclease activity. The Rep coding sequence encompasses the entire coding sequence for AC4, which is intricately embedded within it, and performs several overlapping functions like Rep, supporting virus infection. This review investigated the structural and functional diversity of the geminivirus Rep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shakir
- Plant Genetics Lab, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liѐge, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Muhammad Mubin
- Virology Lab, Center for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Nahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saad Serfraz
- Virology Lab, Center for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amir Qureshi
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Kyun Lee
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea
| | - Iram Liaqat
- Microbiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Shah Nawaz-ul-Rehman
- Virology Lab, Center for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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7
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Rosas-Diaz T, Cana-Quijada P, Wu M, Hui D, Fernandez-Barbero G, Macho AP, Solano R, Castillo AG, Wang XW, Lozano-Duran R, Bejarano ER. The transcriptional regulator JAZ8 interacts with the C2 protein from geminiviruses and limits the geminiviral infection in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36946519 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are phytohormones that finely regulate critical biological processes, including plant development and defense. JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins are crucial transcriptional regulators that keep JA-responsive genes in a repressed state. In the presence of JA-Ile, JAZ repressors are ubiquitinated and targeted for degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome system, allowing the activation of downstream transcription factors and, consequently, the induction of JA-responsive genes. A growing body of evidence has shown that JA signaling is crucial in defending against plant viruses and their insect vectors. Here, we describe the interaction of C2 proteins from two tomato-infecting geminiviruses from the genus Begomovirus, tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and tomato yellow curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSaV), with the transcriptional repressor JAZ8 from Arabidopsis thaliana and its closest orthologue in tomato, SlJAZ9. Both JAZ and C2 proteins colocalize in the nucleus, forming discrete nuclear speckles. Overexpression of JAZ8 did not lead to altered responses to TYLCV infection in Arabidopsis; however, knock-down of JAZ8 favors geminiviral infection. Low levels of JAZ8 likely affect the viral infection specifically, since JAZ8-silenced plants neither display obvious developmental phenotypes nor present differences in their interaction with the viral insect vector. In summary, our results show that the geminivirus-encoded C2 interacts with JAZ8 in the nucleus, and suggest that this plant protein exerts an anti-geminiviral effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabata Rosas-Diaz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Pepe Cana-Quijada
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mengshi Wu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Du Hui
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Gemma Fernandez-Barbero
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Alberto P Macho
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Roberto Solano
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Araceli G Castillo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Rosa Lozano-Duran
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany
| | - Eduardo R Bejarano
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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8
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Mostaffa NH, Suhaimi AH, Al-Idrus A. Interactomics in plant defence: progress and opportunities. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4605-4618. [PMID: 36920596 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Interactomics is a branch of systems biology that deals with the study of protein-protein interactions and how these interactions influence phenotypes. Identifying the interactomes involved during host-pathogen interaction events may bring us a step closer to deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying plant defence. Here, we conducted a systematic review of plant interactomics studies over the last two decades and found that while a substantial progress has been made in the field, plant-pathogen interactomics remains a less-travelled route. As an effort to facilitate the progress in this field, we provide here a comprehensive research pipeline for an in planta plant-pathogen interactomics study that encompasses the in silico prediction step to the validation step, unconfined to model plants. We also highlight four challenges in plant-pathogen interactomics with plausible solution(s) for each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hikmah Mostaffa
- Programme of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Husaini Suhaimi
- Programme of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aisyafaznim Al-Idrus
- Programme of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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9
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The V2 Protein from the Geminivirus Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Largely Associates to the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Promotes the Accumulation of the Viral C4 Protein in a Silencing Suppression-Independent Manner. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122804. [PMID: 36560808 PMCID: PMC9784378 DOI: 10.3390/v14122804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are strict intracellular parasites that rely on the proteins encoded in their genomes for the effective manipulation of the infected cell that ultimately enables a successful infection. Viral proteins have to be produced during the cell invasion and takeover in sufficient amounts and in a timely manner. Silencing suppressor proteins evolved by plant viruses can boost the production of viral proteins; although, additional mechanisms for the regulation of viral protein production likely exist. The strongest silencing suppressor encoded by the geminivirus tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is V2: V2 suppresses both post-transcriptional and transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS and TGS), activities that are associated with its localization in punctate cytoplasmic structures and in the nucleus, respectively. However, V2 has been previously described to largely localize in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), although the biological relevance of this distribution remains mysterious. Here, we confirm the association of V2 to the ER in Nicotiana benthamiana and assess the silencing suppression activity-independent impact of V2 on protein accumulation. Our results indicate that V2 has no obvious influence on the localization of ER-synthesized receptor-like kinases (RLKs) or ER quality control (ERQC)/ER-associated degradation (ERAD), but dramatically enhances the accumulation of the viral C4 protein, which is co-translationally myristoylated, possibly in proximity to the ER. By using the previously described V2C84S/86S mutant, in which the silencing suppression activity is abolished, we uncouple RNA silencing from the observed effect. Therefore, this work uncovers a novel function of V2, independent of its capacity to suppress silencing, in the promotion of the accumulation of another crucial viral protein.
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10
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Wang L, Tan H, Medina-Puche L, Wu M, Garnelo Gomez B, Gao M, Shi C, Jimenez-Gongora T, Fan P, Ding X, Zhang D, Ding Y, Rosas-Díaz T, Liu Y, Aguilar E, Fu X, Lozano-Durán R. Combinatorial interactions between viral proteins expand the potential functional landscape of the tomato yellow leaf curl virus proteome. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010909. [PMID: 36256684 PMCID: PMC9633003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses manipulate the cells they infect in order to replicate and spread. Due to strict size restrictions, viral genomes have reduced genetic space; how the action of the limited number of viral proteins results in the cell reprogramming observed during the infection is a long-standing question. Here, we explore the hypothesis that combinatorial interactions may expand the functional landscape of the viral proteome. We show that the proteins encoded by a plant-infecting DNA virus, the geminivirus tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), physically associate with one another in an intricate network, as detected by a number of protein-protein interaction techniques. Importantly, our results indicate that intra-viral protein-protein interactions can modify the subcellular localization of the proteins involved. Using one particular pairwise interaction, that between the virus-encoded C2 and CP proteins, as proof-of-concept, we demonstrate that the combination of viral proteins leads to novel transcriptional effects on the host cell. Taken together, our results underscore the importance of studying viral protein function in the context of the infection. We propose a model in which viral proteins might have evolved to extensively interact with other elements within the viral proteome, enlarging the potential functional landscape available to the pathogen. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that depend on the molecular machinery of their host cell to complete their life cycle. For this purpose, viruses co-opt host processes, modulating or redirecting them. Most viruses have small genomes, and hence limited coding capacity. During the viral invasion, virus-encoded proteins will be produced in large amounts and coexist in the infected cell, which enables physical or functional interactions among viral proteins, potentially expanding the virus-host functional interface by increasing the number of potential targets in the host cell and/or synergistically modulating the cellular environment. Examples of interactions between viral proteins have been recently documented for both animal and plant viruses; however, the hypothesis that viral proteins might have a combinatorial effect, which would lead to the acquisition of novel functions, lacks systematic experimental validation. Here, we use the geminivirus tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a plant-infecting virus with reduced proteome and causing devastating diseases in crops, to test the idea that combinatorial interactions between viral proteins exist and might underlie an expansion of the functional landscape of the viral proteome. Our results indicate that viral proteins prevalently interact with one another in the context of the infection, which can result in the acquisition of novel functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huang Tan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laura Medina-Puche
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mengshi Wu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Borja Garnelo Gomez
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Gao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaonan Shi
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tamara Jimenez-Gongora
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Fan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Ding
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tábata Rosas-Díaz
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujing Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Emmanuel Aguilar
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Area de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, Spain
| | - Xing Fu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rosa Lozano-Durán
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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11
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Sharov TN, Budchenko AA, Viktorov DV, Toporkov AV. The application of mass spectrometry method for the study and identification of medically important viruses (review of literature). Klin Lab Diagn 2022; 67:480-483. [PMID: 36095086 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-8-480-483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is difficult to overestimate the urgency of the problem of well-timed diagnosis of viral infections. According to the WHO, dozens of outbreaks of viral diseases are recorded annually, both in developing and developed countries. Moreover, the seasonal flu virus alone is capable of infecting up to 20% of the population, even in European countries with a high level of medicine. And the annual number of deaths due to viral infections, according to official statistics, exceeds 600 thousand people around the world. That's why the provision of a reliable and fairly rapid diagnosis of viruses, along with subsequent therapy, makes a significant contribution to reducing the incidence of mortality. Despite the fact that PCR-based methods currently remain the most common method for identifying viruses in clinical practice, as recent experience shows, in addition to the already known disadvantages, in the event of large outbreaks, such test systems may simply not be in the required amount. In this regard, it is necessary to supplement and improve the existing tools for identification and research of clinically significant viruses. The MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry method combines a degree of accuracy and versatility, sufficient both for the identification of clinical strains isolated from patients, and for the study of the phenotypic properties of viruses in research laboratories and centers. This article presents and summarizes the main data on the existing or potential application of the method of time-of-flight mass spectrometry with matrix-associated laser desorption / ionization for the identification or study of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Sharov
- Federal Government Health Institution «Volgograd Plague Control Research Institute» of the Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumers Rights Protection and Human Welfare
| | - A A Budchenko
- Federal Government Health Institution «Volgograd Plague Control Research Institute» of the Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumers Rights Protection and Human Welfare
| | - D V Viktorov
- Federal Government Health Institution «Volgograd Plague Control Research Institute» of the Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumers Rights Protection and Human Welfare
| | - A V Toporkov
- Federal Government Health Institution «Volgograd Plague Control Research Institute» of the Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumers Rights Protection and Human Welfare
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12
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Shabbir A, Batool W, Yu D, Lin L, An Q, Xiaomin C, Guo H, Yuan S, Malota S, Wang Z, Norvienyeku J. Magnaporthe oryzae Chloroplast Targeting Endo-β-1,4-Xylanase I MoXYL1A Regulates Conidiation, Appressorium Maturation and Virulence of the Rice Blast Fungus. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:44. [PMID: 35960402 PMCID: PMC9374862 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endo-β-1,4-Xylanases are a group of extracellular enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of xylan, a principal constituent of the plant primary cell wall. The contribution of Endo-β-1,4-Xylanase I to both physiology and pathogenesis of the rice blast fungus M. oryzae is unknown. Here, we characterized the biological function of two endoxylanase I (MoXYL1A and MoXYL1B) genes in the development of M. oryzae using targeted gene deletion, biochemical analysis, and fluorescence microscopy. Phenotypic analysis of ∆Moxyl1A strains showed that MoXYL1A is required for the full virulence of M. oryzae but is dispensable for the vegetative growth of the rice blast fungus. MoXYL1B, in contrast, did not have a clear role in the infectious cycle but has a critical function in asexual reproduction of the fungus. The double deletion mutant was severely impaired in pathogenicity and virulence as well as asexual development. We found that MoXYL1A deletion compromised appressorium morphogenesis and function, leading to failure to penetrate host cells. Fluorescently tagged MoXYL1A and MoXYL1B displayed cytoplasmic localization in M. oryzae, while analysis of MoXYL1A-GFP and MoXYL1B-GFP in-planta revealed translocation and accumulation of these effector proteins into host cells. Meanwhile, sequence feature analysis showed that MoXYL1A possesses a transient chloroplast targeting signal peptide, and results from an Agrobacterium infiltration assay confirmed co-localization of MoXYL1A-GFP with ChCPN10C-RFP in the chloroplasts of host cells. MoXYL1B, accumulated to the cytoplasm of the host. Taken together, we conclude that MoXYL1A is a secreted effector protein that likely promotes the virulence of M. oryzae by interfering in the proper functioning of the host chloroplast, while the related xylanase MoXYL1B does not have a major role in virulence of M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammarah Shabbir
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Wajjiha Batool
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
| | - Dan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Lili Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Qiuli An
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Chen Xiaomin
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Hengyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Sekete Malota
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Justice Norvienyeku
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
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13
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Zhai Y, Yuan Q, Qiu S, Li S, Li M, Zheng H, Wu G, Lu Y, Peng J, Rao S, Chen J, Yan F. Turnip mosaic virus impairs perinuclear chloroplast clustering to facilitate viral infection. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3681-3699. [PMID: 34331318 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts play crucial roles in plant defence against viral infection. We now report that chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like (NDH) complex M subunit gene (NdhM) was first up-regulated and then down-regulated in turnip mosaic virus (TuMV)-infected N. benthamiana. NbNdhM-silenced plants were more susceptible to TuMV, whereas overexpression of NbNdhM inhibited TuMV accumulation. Overexpression of NbNdhM significantly induced the clustering of chloroplasts around the nuclei and disturbing this clustering facilitated TuMV infection, suggesting that the clustering mediated by NbNdhM is a defence against TuMV. It was then shown that NbNdhM interacted with TuMV VPg, and that the NdhMs of different plant species interacted with the proteins of different viruses, implying that NdhM may be a common target of viruses. In the presence of TuMV VPg, NbNdhM, which is normally localized in the nucleus, chloroplasts, cell periphery and chloroplast stromules, colocalized with VPg at the nucleus and nucleolus, with significantly increased nuclear accumulation, while NbNdhM-mediated chloroplast clustering was significantly impaired. This study therefore indicates that NbNdhM has a defensive role in TuMV infection probably by inducing the perinuclear clustering of chloroplasts, and that the localization of NbNdhM is altered by its interaction with TuMV VPg in a way that promotes virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Zhai
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shiyou Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Saisai Li
- College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Guanwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shaofei Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Liu X, Huang W, Zhai Z, Ye T, Yang C, Lai J. Protein modification: A critical modulator in the interaction between geminiviruses and host plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1707-1715. [PMID: 33506956 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Geminiviruses are a large group of single-stranded DNA viruses that infect plants and cause severe agricultural losses worldwide. Given geminiviruses only have small genomes that encode a few proteins, viral factors have to interact with host components to establish an environment suitable for virus infection, whilst the host immunity system recognizes and targets these viral components during infection. Post-translational protein modifications, such as phosphorylation, lipidation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation and methylation, have been reported to be critical during the interplay between host plants and geminiviruses. Here we summarize the research progress, including phosphorylation and lipidation which usually control the activity and localization of viral factors; as well as ubiquitination and histone modification which are predominantly interfered with by viral components. We also discuss the dynamic competition on protein modifications between host defence and geminivirus efficient infection, as well as potential applications of protein modifications in geminivirus resistance. The summary and perspective of this topic will improve our understanding on the mechanism of geminivirus-plant interaction and contribute to further protection of plants from virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenqian Zhai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tushu Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Identification and Characterization of Plant-Interacting Targets of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Silencing Suppressor. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10010027. [PMID: 33401462 PMCID: PMC7823891 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV; species Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus) is an economically important plant virus that infects multiple horticultural crops on a global scale. TSWV encodes a non-structural protein NSs that acts as a suppressor of host RNA silencing machinery during infection. Despite extensive structural and functional analyses having been carried out on TSWV NSs, its protein-interacting targets in host plants are still largely unknown. Here, we systemically investigated NSs-interacting proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana via affinity purification and mass spectrometry (AP-MS) analysis. Forty-three TSWV NSs-interacting candidates were identified in N. benthamiana. Gene Ontology (GO) and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were carried out on their closest homologs in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The results showed that NSs preferentially interacts with plant defense-related proteins such as calmodulin (CaM), importin, carbonic anhydrase and two heat shock proteins (HSPs): HSP70 and HSP90. As two major nodes in the PPI network, CaM and importin subunit α were selected for the further verification of their interactions with NSs via yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening. Our work suggests that the downstream signaling, transportation and/or metabolic pathways of host-NSs-interacting proteins may play critical roles in NSs-facilitated TSWV infection.
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16
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Hanson MR, Conklin PL. Stromules, functional extensions of plastids within the plant cell. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 58:25-32. [PMID: 33137706 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stromules are thin tubular extensions of the plastid compartment surrounded by the envelope membrane. A myriad of functions have been proposed for them, and they likely have multiple roles. Recent work has illuminated aspects of their formation, especially the important of microtubules in their movement and microfilaments in anchoring. A variety of biotic and abiotic stresses result in induction of stromule formation, and in recent years, stromule formation has been strongly implicated as part of the innate immune response. Both stromules and chloroplasts relocate to surround the nucleus when pathogens are sensed, possibly to supply signaling molecules such as reactive oxygen species. In addition to the nucleus, stromules have been observed in close proximity to other compartments such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and the plasma membrane, potentially facilitating exchange of substrates and products to carry out important biosynthetic pathways. Much remains to be learned about the identity of proteins and other molecules released from chloroplasts and stromules and how they function in plant development and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen R Hanson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Biotechnology Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Patricia L Conklin
- Biological Sciences Department, State University of New York, Cortland, NY 13045, USA
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17
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Wang L, Ding Y, He L, Zhang G, Zhu JK, Lozano-Duran R. A virus-encoded protein suppresses methylation of the viral genome through its interaction with AGO4 in the Cajal body. eLife 2020; 9:e55542. [PMID: 33064077 PMCID: PMC7567605 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, establishment of de novo DNA methylation is regulated by the RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway. RdDM machinery is known to concentrate in the Cajal body, but the biological significance of this localization has remained elusive. Here, we show that the antiviral methylation of the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) genome requires the Cajal body in Nicotiana benthamiana cells. Methylation of the viral genome is countered by a virus-encoded protein, V2, which interacts with the central RdDM component AGO4, interfering with its binding to the viral DNA; Cajal body localization of the V2-AGO4 interaction is necessary for the viral protein to exert this function. Taken together, our results draw a long sought-after functional connection between RdDM, the Cajal body, and antiviral DNA methylation, paving the way for a deeper understanding of DNA methylation and antiviral defences in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yi Ding
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Li He
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Guiping Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Rosa Lozano-Duran
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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18
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Medina-Puche L, Tan H, Dogra V, Wu M, Rosas-Diaz T, Wang L, Ding X, Zhang D, Fu X, Kim C, Lozano-Duran R. A Defense Pathway Linking Plasma Membrane and Chloroplasts and Co-opted by Pathogens. Cell 2020; 182:1109-1124.e25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Mittapelly P, Rajarapu SP. Applications of Proteomic Tools to Study Insect Vector-Plant Virus Interactions. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E143. [PMID: 32784674 PMCID: PMC7459587 DOI: 10.3390/life10080143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are crucial players of biological interactions within and between the organisms and thus it is important to understand the role of proteins in successful partnerships, such as insect vectors and their plant viruses. Proteomic approaches have identified several proteins at the interface of virus acquisition and transmission by their insect vectors which could be potential molecular targets for sustainable pest and viral disease management strategies. Here we review the proteomic techniques used to study the interactions of insect vector and plant virus. Our review will focus on the techniques available to identify the infection, global changes at the proteome level in insect vectors, and protein-protein interactions of insect vectors and plant viruses. Furthermore, we also review the integration of other techniques with proteomics and the available bioinformatic tools to analyze the proteomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Mittapelly
- Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA;
- USDA APHIS PPQ, 5936 Ford Ct, Ste. 200, Brighton, MI 48116, USA
| | - Swapna Priya Rajarapu
- Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA;
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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20
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Maio F, Helderman TA, Arroyo-Mateos M, van der Wolf M, Boeren S, Prins M, van den Burg HA. Identification of Tomato Proteins That Interact With Replication Initiator Protein (Rep) of the Geminivirus TYLCV. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1069. [PMID: 32760417 PMCID: PMC7373745 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Geminiviruses are plant-infecting DNA viruses that reshape the intracellular environment of their host in order to create favorable conditions for viral replication and propagation. Viral manipulation is largely mediated via interactions between viral and host proteins. Identification of this protein network helps us to understand how these viruses manipulate their host and therefore provides us potentially with novel leads for resistance against this class of pathogens, as genetic variation in the corresponding plant genes could subvert viral manipulation. Different studies have already yielded a list of host proteins that interact with one of the geminiviral proteins. Here, we use affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry (AP-MS) to further expand this list of interacting proteins, focusing on an important host (tomato) and the Replication initiator protein (Rep, AL1, C1) from Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). Rep is the only geminiviral protein proven to be essential for geminiviral replication and it forms an integral part of viral replisomes, a protein complex that consists of plant and viral proteins that allows for viral DNA replication. Using AP-MS, fifty-four 'high confidence' tomato proteins were identified that specifically co-purified with Rep. For two of them, an unknown EWS-like RNA-binding protein (called Geminivirus Rep interacting EWS-like protein 1 or GRIEP1) and an isoform of the THO complex subunit 4A (ALY1), we were able to confirm this interaction with Rep in planta using a second method, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). The THO subunit 4 is part of the THO/TREX (TRanscription-EXport) complex, which controls RNA splicing and nuclear export of mRNA to the cytoplasm and is also connected to plant disease resistance. This work represents the first step towards characterization of novel host factors with a putative role in the life cycle of TYLCV and possibly other geminiviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Maio
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tieme A. Helderman
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manuel Arroyo-Mateos
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Miguel van der Wolf
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sjef Boeren
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marcel Prins
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Keygene N.V., Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Harrold A. van den Burg
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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21
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Superinfection by PHYVV Alters the Recovery Process in PepGMV-Infected Pepper Plants. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030286. [PMID: 32151060 PMCID: PMC7150747 DOI: 10.3390/v12030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Geminiviruses are important plant pathogens that affect crops around the world. In some geminivirus-host interactions, infected plants show recovery, a phenomenon characterized by symptom disappearance in newly emerging leaves. In pepper-Pepper golden mosaic virus (PepGMV) interaction, the host recovery process involves a silencing mechanism that includes both post-transcriptional (PTGS) and transcriptional (TGS) gene silencing pathways. Under field conditions, PepGMV is frequently found in mixed infections with Pepper huasteco yellow vein virus (PHYVV), another bipartite begomovirus. Mixed infected plants generally show a synergetic phenomenon and do not present recovery. Little is known about the molecular mechanism of this interaction. In the present study, we explored the effect of superinfection by PHYVV on a PepGMV-infected pepper plant showing recovery. Superinfection with PHYVV led to (a) the appearance of severe symptoms, (b) an increase of the levels of PepGMV DNA accumulation, (c) a decrease of the relative methylation levels of PepGMV DNA, and (d) an increase of chromatin activation marks present in viral minichromosomes. Finally, using heterologous expression and silencing suppression reporter systems, we found that PHYVV REn presents TGS silencing suppressor activity, whereas similar experiments suggest that Rep might be involved in suppressing PTGS.
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Ding X, Jimenez‐Gongora T, Krenz B, Lozano‐Duran R. Chloroplast clustering around the nucleus is a general response to pathogen perception in Nicotiana benthamiana. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:1298-1306. [PMID: 31257720 PMCID: PMC6715600 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly clear that chloroplasts play a central role in plant stress responses. Upon activation of immune responses, chloroplasts are the source of multiple defensive signals, including reactive oxygen species (ROS). Intriguingly, it has been described that chloroplasts establish physical contact with the nucleus, through clustering around it and extending stromules, following activation of effector-triggered immunity (ETI). However, how prevalent this phenomenon is in plant-pathogen interactions, how its induction occurs, and what the underlying biological significance is are important questions that remain unanswered. Here, we describe that the chloroplast perinuclear clustering seems to be a general plant response upon perception of an invasion threat. Indeed, activation of pattern-triggered immunity, ETI, transient expression of the Rep protein from geminiviruses, or infection with viruses or bacteria all are capable of triggering this response in Nicotiana benthamiana. Interestingly, this response seems non-cell-autonomous, and exogenous treatment with H2 O2 is sufficient to elicit this relocalization of chloroplasts, which appears to require accumulation of ROS. Taken together, our results indicate that chloroplasts cluster around the nucleus during plant-pathogen interactions, suggesting a fundamental role of this positioning in plant defence, and identify ROS as sufficient and possibly required for the onset of this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ding
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201602China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Tamara Jimenez‐Gongora
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201602China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Bjӧrn Krenz
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ38124BraunschweigGermany
| | - Rosa Lozano‐Duran
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201602China
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Wang L, Tan H, Wu M, Jimenez-Gongora T, Tan L, Lozano-Duran R. Dynamic Virus-Dependent Subnuclear Localization of the Capsid Protein from a Geminivirus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2165. [PMID: 29312406 PMCID: PMC5744400 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are intracellular parasites with a nucleic acid genome and a proteinaceous capsid. Viral capsids are formed of at least one virus-encoded capsid protein (CP), which is often multifunctional, playing additional non-structural roles during the infection cycle. In animal viruses, there are examples of differential localization of CPs associated to the progression of the infection and/or enabled by other viral proteins; these changes in the distribution of CPs may ultimately regulate the involvement of these proteins in different viral functions. In this work, we analyze the subcellular localization of a GFP- or RFP-fused CP from the plant virus Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV; Fam. Geminiviridae) in the presence or absence of the virus upon transient expression in the host plants Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato. Our findings show that, in agreement with previous reports, when the CP is expressed alone it localizes mainly in the nucleolus and weakly in the nucleoplasm. Interestingly, the presence of the virus causes the sequential re-localization of the CP outside of the nucleolus and into discrete nuclear foci and, eventually, into an uneven distribution in the nucleoplasm. Expression of the viral replication-associated protein, Rep, is sufficient to exclude the CP from the nucleolus, but the localization of the CP in the characteristic patterns induced by the virus cannot be recapitulated by co-expression with any individual viral protein. Our results demonstrate that the subcellular distribution of the CP is a dynamic process, temporally regulated throughout the progression of the infection. The regulation of the localization of the CP is determined by the presence of other viral components or changes in the cellular environment induced by the virus, and is likely to contribute to the multifunctionality of this protein. Bearing in mind these observations, we suggest that viral proteins should be studied in the context of the infection and considering the temporal dimension in order to comprehensively understand their roles and effects in the interaction between virus and host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huang Tan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengshi Wu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tamara Jimenez-Gongora
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Tan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rosa Lozano-Duran
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Rosa Lozano-Duran,
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