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Varvil MS, dos Santos AP. A review on microRNA detection and expression studies in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1261085. [PMID: 37869503 PMCID: PMC10585042 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1261085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function by post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Their stability and abundance in tissue and body fluids makes them promising potential tools for both the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases and attractive therapeutic targets in humans and dogs. Studies of miRNA expression in normal and disease processes in dogs are scarce compared to studies published on miRNA expression in human disease. In this literature review, we identified 461 peer-reviewed papers from database searches using the terms "canine," "dog," "miRNA," and "microRNA"; we screened 244 for inclusion criteria and then included a total of 148 original research peer-reviewed publications relating to specific miRNA expression in canine samples. We found an overlap of miRNA expression changes between the four groups evaluated (normal processes, non-infectious and non-inflammatory conditions, infectious and/or inflammatory conditions, and neoplasia) in 39 miRNAs, 83 miRNAs in three of the four groups, 110 miRNAs in two of the three groups, where 158 miRNAs have only been reported in one of the groups. Additionally, the mechanism of action of these overlapping miRNAs varies depending on the disease process, elucidating a need for characterization of the mechanism of action of each miRNA in each disease process being evaluated. Herein we also draw attention to the lack of standardization of miRNA evaluation, consistency within a single evaluation method, and the need for standardized methods for a direct comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara S. Varvil
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Andrea Pires dos Santos
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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2
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Zhang Y, Yang J, Liu P, Zhang RJ, Li JD, Bi YH, Li Y. Regulatory role of ncRNAs in pulmonary epithelial and endothelial barriers: Molecular therapy clues of influenza-induced acute lung injury. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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3
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Saengchoowong S, Nimsamer P, Khongnomnan K, Poomipak W, Praianantathavorn K, Rattanaburi S, Poovorawan Y, Zhang Q, Payungporn S. Enhancing the yield of seasonal influenza viruses through manipulation of microRNAs in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1335-1349. [PMID: 35666095 PMCID: PMC9442458 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221098340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Annual influenza vaccine is recommended to reduce the occurrence of seasonal influenza and its complications. Thus far, Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line has been used to manufacture cell-based influenza vaccines. Even though host microRNAs may facilitate viral replication, the interaction between MDCK cells-derived microRNAs and seasonal influenza viruses has been less frequently investigated. Therefore, this study highlighted microRNA profiles of MDCK cells to increase the yield of seasonal influenza virus production by manipulating cellular microRNAs. MDCK cells were infected with influenza A or B virus at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.01, and microRNA collections were then subjected to MiSeq (Illumina) Sequencing. The validated profiles revealed that cfa-miR-340, cfa-miR-146b, cfa-miR-197, and cfa-miR-215 were the most frequently upregulated microRNAs. The effect of candidate microRNA inhibition and overexpression on viral replication was determined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The hybridization pattern between candidate miRNAs and viral genes was performed using miRBase and RNAhybrid web-based programs. Moreover, the predicted microRNA-binding sites were validated by a 3'-UTR reporter assay. The results indicated that cfa-miR-146b could directly target the PB1 gene of A/pH1N1 and the PA gene of B/Yamagata. Furthermore, cfa-miR-215 could silence the PB1 gene of A/pH1N1 and the PB1 gene of B/Victoria. However, the PB2 gene of the A/H3N2 virus was silenced by cfa-miR-197. In addition, the HA and NA sequences of influenza viruses harvested from the cell cultures treated with microRNA inhibitors were analyzed. The sequencing results revealed no difference in the antigenic HA and NA sequences between viruses isolated from the cells treated with microRNA inhibitors and the parental viruses. In conclusion, these findings suggested that MDCK cell-derived microRNAs target viral genes in a strain-specific manner for suppressing viral replication. Conversely, the use of such microRNA inhibitors may facilitate the production of influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthat Saengchoowong
- Joint Chulalongkorn
University-University of Liverpool Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences and
Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330,
Thailand,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and
Applied Zoology, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn
Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Pattaraporn Nimsamer
- Research Unit of Systems Microbiology,
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok
10330, Thailand
| | - Kritsada Khongnomnan
- Research Unit of Systems Microbiology,
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok
10330, Thailand
| | - Witthaya Poomipak
- Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine,
Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kesmanee Praianantathavorn
- Research Unit of Systems Microbiology,
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok
10330, Thailand
| | - Somruthai Rattanaburi
- Research Unit of Systems Microbiology,
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok
10330, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical
Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330,
Thailand
| | - Qibo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Infection,
Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological
Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | - Sunchai Payungporn
- Research Unit of Systems Microbiology,
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok
10330, Thailand,Sunchai Payungporn.
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Yang L, Wang C, Shu J, Feng H, He Y, Chen J, Shu J. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Induces Vero Cell Apoptosis via the p53-PUMA Signaling Pathway. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071218. [PMID: 34202551 PMCID: PMC8310168 DOI: 10.3390/v13071218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) is the causative agent of swine epidemic diarrhea. In order to study the pathogenic mechanism of PEDV, PEDV was inoculated into Vero cells cultured in vitro, and the total RNA of Vero cells was extracted to construct a library for Illumina high-throughput sequencing and screening of differentially expressed genes (p < 0.05). Five differentially expressed genes for qRT-PCR verification analysis were randomly selected, and the verification results were consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signal pathway enrichment analysis was performed on the differentially expressed genes screened above. The results showed that the target gene annotations of differentially expressed genes in the African green monkey genome were mainly enriched in the TNF signaling pathway, the P53 signaling pathway, the Jak-STAT signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, and immune inflammation. In addition, it has been reported that Puma can promote apoptosis and is a key mediator of P53-dependent and non-dependent apoptosis pathways. However, there is no report that PEDV infection can activate Puma and induce apoptosis in a P53-dependent pathway. It was found by flow cytometry that PEDV infection induced apoptosis, and by Western Blotting detection, PEDV infection significantly increased the expression of p53, BAX, and Puma apoptosis-related proteins. Treatment Vero cells with the p53 inhibitor, PFT-α, could significantly inhibit PEDV-induced apoptosis. Studies have shown that PEDV infection can activate Puma and induce apoptosis in a P53-dependent pathway. These findings provide data support for further elucidating the pathogenic mechanism of PEDV and developing an effective vaccine against PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Y.); (C.W.); (J.S.); (H.F.); (Y.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Chenyu Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Y.); (C.W.); (J.S.); (H.F.); (Y.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Jinqi Shu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Y.); (C.W.); (J.S.); (H.F.); (Y.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Huapeng Feng
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Y.); (C.W.); (J.S.); (H.F.); (Y.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Yulong He
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Y.); (C.W.); (J.S.); (H.F.); (Y.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Y.); (C.W.); (J.S.); (H.F.); (Y.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Jianhong Shu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Y.); (C.W.); (J.S.); (H.F.); (Y.H.); (J.C.)
- Shaoxing Biomedical Research Institute, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing 312000, China
- Correspondence:
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Xie X, Pang M, Liang S, Lin Y, Zhao Y, Qiu D, Liu J, Dong Y, Liu Y. Cellular microRNAs influence replication of H3N2 canine influenza virus in infected cells. Vet Microbiol 2021; 257:109083. [PMID: 33894663 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play important regulatory roles in host-virus interactions. Avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) has emerged as the most prevalent subtype among dogs in Asia since 2007. To evaluate the roles of host miRNAs in H3N2 CIV infection, here, miRNA profiles obtained from primary canine bronchiolar epithelial cells (CBECs) and canine alveolar macrophages (CAMCs) were compared between infected and mock-infected cells with the H3N2 CIV JS/10. It was found that the expressions of cfa-miR-125b and cfa-miR-151, which have been reported to be associated with innate immunity and inflammatory response, were significantly decreased in CIV-infected canine primary cells. Bioinformatics prediction indicated that 5' seed regions of the two miRNAs are partially complementary to the mRNAs of nucleoprotein (NP) and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of JS/10. As determined by virus titration, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting, overexpression of the two miRNAs inhibited CIV replication in cell culture, while their inhibition facilitated this replication, suggesting that the two miRNAs could act as negative regulators of CIV replication. Our findings support the notion that some cellular miRNAs can influence the outcome of virus infection, which helps to elucidate the resistance of host cells to viral infection and to clarify the pathogenesis of H3N2 CIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Maoda Pang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Shan Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanbing Zhao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dong Qiu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Provincial Animal Disease Control Center, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuhao Dong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Wang T, Qin Y, Zhang J, Li X, Tong S, Zhao W, Zhang J. An antiviral drug-resistant mutant of hepatitis B virus with high replication capacity in association with a large in-frame deletion in the preS1 region of viral surface gene. Virus Genes 2020; 56:677-686. [PMID: 32840739 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We amplified a full-length hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome from the serum of a chronic hepatitis B patient who experienced virological breakthrough with high HBV DNA titer following adefovir (ADV) therapy. The PCR product was cloned and sequencing of the six clones revealed an isolate of C2 subgenotype. Mutation(s) in the polymerase gene responsible for ADV resistance included rtA181T (all clones) and rtN236T (four clones). The rtA181T mutation caused the W172* nonsense mutation in the overlapping S gene. In addition, all the clones harbored another nonsense mutation in the S gene (C69*) and a 207nt in-frame deletion in the preS1 region. These clones were converted to a 1.1mer construct for transient transfection of Huh7 cells. All the clones were deficient in hepatitis B surface antigen production. Three clones had similar levels of DNA replication. Comparison with a wild-type clone of the same genotype revealed a higher intracellular level of replicative DNA for clone c4, which was reduced by putting back the deleted 207nt, but not by co-transfection with an expression construct for the three surface proteins to rescue virion production. The HBcAg expression of the c4 and c4+207nt clones was mainly in the nucleus. Co-transfection with the L/M/S proteins expression construct did not alter the distribution of core. Clone c4 showed a significantly decreased susceptibility to ADV, a mild reduction in susceptibility to lamivudine and tenofovir, but remained sensitive to entecavir. In conclusion, this is an unusual ADV-resistant HBV isolate harboring two nonsense mutations in the S gene and a large in-frame deletion in the preS1 region, but still retains a high replication phenotype, which can provide a platform for recombinant vector construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jing'An District Centre Hospital of Shanghai (Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Jing'An Branch), Shanghai, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Gusu District, Soochow, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanli Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Department of Hepatitis Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuping Tong
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Gusu District, Soochow, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jing'An District Centre Hospital of Shanghai (Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Jing'An Branch), Shanghai, China. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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7
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Wang QS, Zhou J, Li X. LncRNA UCA1 protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation induced apoptosis through inhibiting miR-143/MDM2/p53 axis. Genomics 2020; 112:574-580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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High-Throughput MicroRNA Profiles of Permissive Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cell Line Infected with Influenza B Viruses. Viruses 2019; 11:v11110986. [PMID: 31717720 PMCID: PMC6893747 DOI: 10.3390/v11110986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Victoria and Yamagata lineages of influenza B viruses are globally circulating in seasonal epidemics. Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells are permissive for viral isolation and vaccine manufacture. Nevertheless, the interplay between influenza B viruses and host microRNAs has not been investigated in this cell line. Therefore, the present study aims at high-throughput analysis of canine microRNA profile upon infection of influenza B viruses. Briefly, MDCK cells were infected with Victoria or Yamagata lineage at MOI of 0.01. After being harvested at 6, 12 and 24 h post infection, microRNAs were subjected to high-throughput sequencing based on MiSeq platform (Illumina). The results demonstrated that five microRNAs including cfa-miR-197, cfa-miR-215, cfa-miR361, cfa-miR-1841, and cfa-miR-1842 were overexpressed in both Victoria and Yamagata lineage infections. Interestingly, computational prediction showed that karyopherin alpha 6 (KPNA6) was targeted by cfa-miR-197 and cfa-miR-215. Moreover, the binding sites of both microRNAs were assessed by 3′-UTR reporter assay. The results showed that only cfa-miR-197 could bind to the target sites of KPNA6, leading to suppressing luciferase activity. Additionally, silencing of KPNA6 was confirmed by overexpression of cfa-miR-197. This study provides canine microRNA responses to seasonal influenza B viruses, suggesting that virus-mediated microRNAs might play crucial roles in host gene regulation.
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Murdaca G, Tonacci A, Negrini S, Greco M, Borro M, Puppo F, Gangemi S. Effects of AntagomiRs on Different Lung Diseases in Human, Cellular, and Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163938. [PMID: 31412612 PMCID: PMC6719072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MiRNAs have been shown to play a crucial role among lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, tuberculosis (TBC) infection, and bronchial hypersensitivity, thus including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. The oncogenic effect of several miRNAs has been recently ruled out. In order to act on miRNAs turnover, antagomiRs have been developed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The systematic review was conducted under the PRISMA guidelines (registration number is: CRD42019134173). The PubMed database was searched between 1 January 2000 and 30 April 2019 under the following search strategy: (((antagomiR) OR (mirna antagonists) OR (mirna antagonist)) AND ((lung[MeSH Terms]) OR ("lung diseases"[MeSH Terms]))). We included original articles, published in English, whereas exclusion criteria included reviews, meta-analyses, single case reports, and studies published in a language other than English. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS A total of 68 articles matching the inclusion criteria were retrieved. Overall, the use of antagomiR was seen to be efficient in downregulating the specific miRNA they are conceived for. The usefulness of antagomiRs was demonstrated in humans, animal models, and cell lines. To our best knowledge, this is the first article to encompass evidence regarding miRNAs and their respective antagomiRs in the lung, in order to provide readers a comprehensive review upon major lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Murdaca
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Negrini
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Monica Greco
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Borro
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Puppo
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Xu X, Xu Y, Zhang Q, Yang F, Yin Z, Wang L, Li Q. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infections induce apoptosis in Vero cells via a reactive oxygen species (ROS)/p53, but not p38 MAPK and SAPK/JNK signalling pathways. Vet Microbiol 2019; 232:1-12. [PMID: 31030832 PMCID: PMC7117205 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
p53 is activated, translocated to nucleus and involved in PEDV-induced apoptosis. ROS are accumulated during PEDV infection and involved in PEDV-induced apoptosis. ROS are the upper stream of p53 in PEDV infection. This is the first report that PEDV induce Vero cells apoptosis via ROS/p53 signal pathway.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a member of Coronavirus, which causes severe watery diarrhea in piglets with high morbidity and mortality. ROS and p53 play key roles in regulating many kinds of cell process during viral infection, however, the exact function in PEDV-induced apoptosis remains unclear. In this study, the pro-apoptotic effect of PEDV was examined in Vero cells and we observed that PEDV infection increased MDM2 and CBP, promoted p53 phosphorylation at serine 20 and, promoted p53 nuclear translocation, leading to p53 activation in Vero cells. Treatment with the p53 inhibitor PFT-α could significantly inhibit PEDV-induced apoptosis. We also observed PEDV infection induced time-dependent ROS accumulation. Treatment with antioxidants, such as pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) or N-acetylcysteine (NAC), significantly inhibited PEDV-induced apoptosis. Moreover, further inhibition tests were established to prove that p53 was regulated by ROS in PEDV-induced apoptosis. In addition, we also found that p38 MAPK and SAPK/JNK were activated in PEDV-infected Vero cells. However, treatment with the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580, and the SAPK/JNK inhibitor SP600125 reversed PEDV-induced apoptosis. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that activated p53 and accumulated ROS participated in PEDV-induced apoptosis and p53 could be regulated by ROS during PEDV infection. Activated p38 MAPK and SAPK/JNK exerted no influence on PEDV-induced apoptosis. These findings provide new insights into the function of p53 and ROS in the interaction of PEDV with Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zheng Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qinfan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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