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Parisi SG, Mengoli C, Basso M, Vicenti I, Gatti F, Scaggiante R, Fiaschi L, Giammarino F, Iannetta M, Malagnino V, Zago D, Dragoni F, Zazzi M. Long-Term Longitudinal Analysis of Neutralizing Antibody Response to Three Vaccine Doses in a Real-Life Setting of Previously SARS-CoV-2 Infected Healthcare Workers: A Model for Predicting Response to Further Vaccine Doses. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081237. [PMID: 36016125 PMCID: PMC9416151 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the time course of neutralizing antibody (NtAb) response, as measured by authentic virus neutralization, in healthcare workers (HCWs) with a mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection diagnosed at the onset of the pandemic, with no reinfection throughout and after a three-dose schedule of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine with an overall follow-up of almost two years since infection. Forty-eight HCWs (median age 47 years, all immunocompetent) were evaluated: 29 (60.4%) were asymptomatic. NtAb serum was titrated at eight subsequent time points: T1 and T2 were after natural infection, T3 on the day of the first vaccine dose, T4 on the day of the second dose, T5, T6, and T7 were between the second and third dose, and T8 followed the third dose by a median of 34 days. NtAb titers at all postvaccination time points (T4 to T8) were significantly higher than all those at prevaccination time points (T1 to T3). The highest NtAb increase was following the first vaccine dose while subsequent doses did not further boost NtAb titers. However, the third vaccine dose appeared to revive waning immunity. NtAb levels were positively correlated at most time points suggesting an important role for immunogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Giuseppe Parisi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli, 63, 35100 Padova, Italy; (C.M.); (M.B.); (F.G.); (D.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-04-9827-23441
| | - Carlo Mengoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli, 63, 35100 Padova, Italy; (C.M.); (M.B.); (F.G.); (D.Z.)
| | - Monica Basso
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli, 63, 35100 Padova, Italy; (C.M.); (M.B.); (F.G.); (D.Z.)
| | - Ilaria Vicenti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy; (I.V.); (L.F.); (F.G.); (F.D.); (M.Z.)
| | - Francesca Gatti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli, 63, 35100 Padova, Italy; (C.M.); (M.B.); (F.G.); (D.Z.)
| | | | - Lia Fiaschi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy; (I.V.); (L.F.); (F.G.); (F.D.); (M.Z.)
| | - Federica Giammarino
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy; (I.V.); (L.F.); (F.G.); (F.D.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marco Iannetta
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of System Medicine, Tor Vergata University and Hospital, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.I.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Malagnino
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of System Medicine, Tor Vergata University and Hospital, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.I.); (V.M.)
| | - Daniela Zago
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli, 63, 35100 Padova, Italy; (C.M.); (M.B.); (F.G.); (D.Z.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Filippo Dragoni
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy; (I.V.); (L.F.); (F.G.); (F.D.); (M.Z.)
| | - Maurizio Zazzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy; (I.V.); (L.F.); (F.G.); (F.D.); (M.Z.)
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Branche AR, Rouphael NG, Diemert DJ, Falsey AR, Losada C, Baden LR, Frey SE, Whitaker JA, Little SJ, Anderson EJ, Walter EB, Novak RM, Rupp R, Jackson LA, Babu TM, Kottkamp AC, Luetkemeyer AF, Immergluck LC, Presti RM, Bäcker M, Winokur PL, Mahgoub SM, Goepfert PA, Fusco DN, Malkin E, Bethony JM, Walsh EE, Graciaa DS, Samaha H, Sherman AC, Walsh SR, Abate G, Oikonomopoulou Z, El Sahly HM, Martin TCS, Rostad CA, Smith MJ, Ladner BG, Porterfield L, Dunstan M, Wald A, Davis T, Atmar RL, Mulligan MJ, Lyke KE, Posavad CM, Meagher MA, Stephens DS, Neuzil KM, Abebe K, Hill H, Albert J, Lewis TC, Giebeig LA, Eaton A, Netzl A, Wilks SH, Türeli S, Makhene M, Crandon S, Lee M, Nayak SU, Montefiori DC, Makowski M, Smith DJ, Roberts PC, Beigel JH. SARS-CoV-2 Variant Vaccine Boosters Trial: Preliminary Analyses. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2022.07.12.22277336. [PMID: 35898343 PMCID: PMC9327623 DOI: 10.1101/2022.07.12.22277336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Protection from SARS-CoV-2 vaccines wanes over time and is compounded by emerging variants including Omicron subvariants. This study evaluated safety and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 variant vaccines. Methods This phase 2 open-label, randomized trial enrolled healthy adults previously vaccinated with a SARS-CoV-2 primary series and a single boost. Eligible participants were randomized to one of six Moderna COVID19 mRNA vaccine arms (50µg dose): Prototype (mRNA-1273), Omicron BA.1+Beta (1 or 2 doses), Omicron BA.1+Delta, Omicron BA.1 monovalent, and Omicron BA.1+Prototype. Neutralization antibody titers (ID 50 ) were assessed for D614G, Delta, Beta and Omicron BA.1 variants and Omicron BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5 subvariants 15 days after vaccination. Results From March 30 to May 6, 2022, 597 participants were randomized and vaccinated. Median age was 53 years, and 20% had a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. All vaccines were safe and well-tolerated. Day 15 geometric mean titers (GMT) against D614G were similar across arms and ages, and higher with prior infection. For uninfected participants, Day 15 Omicron BA.1 GMTs were similar across Omicron-containing vaccine arms (3724-4561) and higher than Prototype (1,997 [95%CI:1,482-2,692]). The Omicron BA.1 monovalent and Omicron BA.1+Prototype vaccines induced a geometric mean ratio (GMR) to Prototype for Omicron BA.1 of 2.03 (97.5%CI:1.37-3.00) and 1.56 (97.5%CI:1.06-2.31), respectively. A subset of samples from uninfected participants in four arms were also tested in a different laboratory at Day 15 for neutralizing antibody titers to D614G and Omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.2.12.2 and BA.4/BA.5. Omicron BA.4/BA.5 GMTs were approximately one third BA.1 GMTs (Prototype 517 [95%CI:324-826] vs. 1503 [95%CI:949-2381]; Omicron BA.1+Beta 628 [95%CI:367-1,074] vs. 2125 [95%CI:1139-3965]; Omicron BA.1+Delta 765 [95%CI:443-1,322] vs. 2242 [95%CI:1218-4128] and Omicron BA.1+Prototype 635 [95%CI:447-903] vs. 1972 [95%CI:1337-2907). Conclusions Higher Omicron BA.1 titers were observed with Omicron-containing vaccines compared to Prototype vaccine and titers against Omicron BA.4/BA.5 were lower than against BA.1 for all candidate vaccines. Clinicaltrialsgov NCT05289037.
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