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Tess BH, Turchi Martelli CM, Goi Porto Alves MC, Cortes F, Ivata Bernal RT, Vieira de Souza W, de Albuquerque Luna EJ, da Cunha Rodrigues L, Cavallari Nunes M, de Castro Reinach F, Granato CFH, Rizzatti EG, Tostes Pintão MC. Seroprevalence trends of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the adult population of the São Paulo Municipality, Brazil: Results from seven serosurveys from June 2020 to April 2022. The SoroEpi MSP Study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309441. [PMID: 39186722 PMCID: PMC11346932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sequential population-based household serosurveys of SARS-CoV-2 covering the COVID-19 pre- and post-vaccination periods are scarce in Brazil. This study investigated seropositivity trends in the municipality of São Paulo. METHODS We conducted seven cross-sectional surveys of adult population-representative samples between June 2020 and April 2022. The study design included probabilistic sampling, test for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using the Roche Elecsys anti-nucleocapsid assay, and statistical adjustments for population demographics and non-response. The weighted seroprevalences with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by sex, age group, race, schooling, and mean income study strata. Time trends in seropositivity were assessed using the Joinpoint model. We compared infection-induced seroprevalences with COVID-19 reported cases in the pre-vaccination period. RESULTS The study sample comprised 8,134 adults. The overall SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence increased from 11.4% (95%CI: 9.2-13.6) in June 2020 to 24.9% (95%CI: 21.0-28.7) in January 2021; from 38.1% (95%CI: 34.3-41.9) in April 2021 to 77.7% (95%CI: 74.4-81.0) in April 2022. The prevalence over time was higher in the subgroup 18-39 years old than in the older groups from Survey 3 onwards. The self-declared Black or mixed (Pardo) group showed a higher prevalence in all surveys compared to the White group. Monthly prevalence rose steeply from January 2021 onwards, particularly among those aged 60 years or older. The infection-to-case ratios ranged from 8.9 in June 2020 to 4.3 in January 2021. CONCLUSIONS The overall seroprevalence rose significantly over time and with age and race subgroup variations. Increases in the 60 years or older age and the White groups were faster than in younger ages and Black or mixed (Pardo) race groups in the post-vaccination period. Our data may add to the understanding of the complex and changing population dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, including the impact of vaccination strategies and the modelling of future epidemiological scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Helena Tess
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - Fanny Cortes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Regina Tomie Ivata Bernal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | | | - Laura da Cunha Rodrigues
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Edgar Gil Rizzatti
- Divisão de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Grupo Fleury, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Immune Dynamics Involved in Acute and Convalescent COVID-19 Patients. IMMUNO 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno3010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a viral disease that has caused millions of deaths around the world since 2020. Many strategies have been developed to manage patients in critical conditions; however, comprehension of the immune system is a key factor in viral clearance, tissue repairment, and adaptive immunity stimulus. Participation of immunity has been identified as a major factor, along with biomarkers, prediction of clinical outcomes, and antibody production after infection. Immune cells have been proposed not only as a hallmark of severity, but also as a predictor of clinical outcomes, while dynamics of inflammatory molecules can also induce worse consequences for acute patients. For convalescent patients, mild disease was related to higher antibody production, although the factors related to the specific antibodies based on a diversity of antigens were not clear. COVID-19 was explored over time; however, the study of immunological predictors of outcomes is still lacking discussion, especially in convalescent patients. Here, we propose a review using previously published studies to identify immunological markers of COVID-19 outcomes and their relation to antibody production to further contribute to the clinical and laboratorial management of patients.
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Jordan AE. Commentary on Iversen et al.: Adapting public health surveillance and monitoring to reflect how DAAs are changing the epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection. Addiction 2023; 118:912-913. [PMID: 36744496 DOI: 10.1111/add.16139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashly E Jordan
- Center for Drug Use and HIV/HCV Research, New York, NY, USA
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Suthar AB, Dye C. Infection, immunity, and surveillance of COVID-19. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1004132. [PMID: 36356041 PMCID: PMC9648838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dr Amitabh Suthar and Dr Christopher Dye give their perspective on infection, immunity and surveillance of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher Dye
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Canadian Blood Donors: The Advance of Omicron. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112336. [PMID: 36366432 PMCID: PMC9695729 DOI: 10.3390/v14112336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in late 2021, Canadian public health case/contact testing was scaled back due to high infection rates with milder symptoms in a highly vaccinated population. We monitored the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (anti-N) and spike protein (anti-S) antibodies in blood donors across Canada from September 2021 to June 2022 in 202,123 randomly selected samples. Multivariable logistic regression of anti-N positivity with month, age, sex, racialization, region, material and social deprivation (based on postal code) identified as independent predictors. Piece-wise logistic regression analysed the association between anti-S concentration and month, and anti-N/anti-S positivity. Infection-related seroprevalence (anti-N positive) was 4.38% (95% CI: 3.96, 4.81) in September reaching 50.70% (50.15, 52.16) in June; nearly 100% were anti-S positive throughout. Anti-N positivity was associated with younger age, male sex, the Alberta and Prairies regions, greater material deprivation and less social deprivation (p < 0.001). Anti-S concentration was high initially (3306 U/mL, IQR 4280 U/mL), increased to (13,659 U/mL, IQR 28,224 U/mL) by June (p < 0.001), following the pattern of deployment of the third and fourth vaccine doses and was higher in those that were anti-N positive (p < 0.001). Despite already high vaccination-related seroprevalence, infection-related seroprevalence increased dramatically with the emergence of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant.
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