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Yoshimura M, Sakamoto A, Ozuru R, Kurihara Y, Itoh R, Ishii K, Shimizu A, Chou B, Sechi Y, Fujikane A, Nabeshima S, Hiromatsu K. Insufficient anti-spike RBD IgA responses after triple vaccination with intramuscular mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23595. [PMID: 38187240 PMCID: PMC10770545 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to examine whether the parenterally administered mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines can induce sufficient mucosal-type IgA responses to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Methods We examined the longitudinal kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD-specific IgA and IgG responses in sera of Japanese healthcare workers (HCWs) after receiving two doses and the third dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines. During the prospective cohort study, Omicron breakthrough infections occurred in 62 participants among 370 HCWs who had received triple doses of the vaccine. Pre-breakthrough sera of infected HCWs and non-infected HCWs were examined for the levels of anti-RBD IgA and IgG titers. Results The seropositivity of anti-RBD IgA at 1 M after the second vaccine (2D-1M) and after the third dose (3D-1M) was 65.4% and 87.4%, respectively, and wanes quickly. The boosting effect on anti-RBD Ab titers following breakthrough infections was more notable for anti-RBD IgA than for IgG. There were partial cause-relationships between the lower anti-RBD IgA or IgG at pre-breakthrough sera and the breakthrough infection. Conclusions Parenterally administered COVID-19 vaccines do not generate sufficient mucosal-type IgA responses despite strong systemic IgG responses to SARS-CoV-2. These results demonstrate the necessity and importance of reevaluating vaccine design and scheduling to efficiently increase oral or respiratory mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michinobu Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Sakamoto
- General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Ryo Ozuru
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kurihara
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Ryota Itoh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ishii
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Akinori Shimizu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Bin Chou
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sechi
- General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Aya Fujikane
- General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nabeshima
- General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kenji Hiromatsu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
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