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Liu L, He X, Wang J, Li M, Wei X, Yang J, Cheng G, Du W, Liu Z, Xiao X. Exploring the associations between gut microbiota composition and SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine response in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus. mSphere 2024:e0038024. [PMID: 39189780 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00380-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination is crucial for protecting vulnerable individuals, yet individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often exhibit impaired vaccine responses. Emerging evidence suggests that the composition of the host microbiota, crucial in immune regulation and development, influences vaccine efficacy. This study aimed to characterize the relationships between the SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine and the host microbiota (specifically, gut and lung microbiota) of C57BL/6 mice with T2DM. Employing 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we observed lower alpha diversity and distinct beta diversity in fecal microbiota before vaccination and in gut microbiota 28 days post-vaccination between T2DM mice and healthy mice. Compared with healthy mice, T2DM mice showed a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio 28 days post-vaccination. Significant alterations in gut microbiota composition were detected following vaccination, while lung microbiota remained unchanged. T2DM was associated with a diminished initial IgG antibody response against the spike protein, which subsequently normalized after 28 days. Notably, the initial IgG response positively correlated with fecal microbiota alpha diversity pre-vaccination. Furthermore, after 28 days, increased relative abundance of gut probiotics (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) and higher levels of the gut bacterial tryptophan metabolite, indole acrylic acid, were positively associated with IgG levels. These findings suggest a potential link between vaccine efficacy and gut microbiota composition. Nonetheless, further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying the impact of the gut microbiome on vaccine response. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the intricate relationships among host microbiota, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and T2DM, with potential implications for improving vaccine efficacy. IMPORTANCE Over 7 million deaths attributed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by 6 May 2024 underscore the urgent need for effective vaccination strategies. However, individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been identified as particularly vulnerable and display compromised immune responses to vaccines. Concurrently, increasing evidence suggests that the composition and diversity of gut microbiota, crucial regulators of immune function, may influence the efficacy of vaccines. Against this backdrop, our study explores the complex interplay among SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccination, T2DM, and host microbiota. We discover that T2DM compromises the initial immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine, and this response is positively correlated with specific features of the gut microbiota, such as alpha diversity. We also demonstrate that the vaccination itself induces alterations in the composition and structure of the gut microbiota. These findings illuminate potential links between the gut microbiota and vaccine efficacy in individuals with T2DM, offering valuable insights that could enhance vaccine responses in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Virology, Shiyan Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xianzhen He
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Department of Children's Medical Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Moran Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiuli Wei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Weixing Du
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Virology, Shiyan Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Virology, Shiyan Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Virology, Shiyan Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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Lodz NA, Mat Tamizi NF, Abd Mutalip MH, Ganapathy SS, Lin CZ, Ismail R, Ahmad NA. Anti-S Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Four Types of Vaccines in Malaysia. Asia Pac J Public Health 2024; 36:96-103. [PMID: 38166431 DOI: 10.1177/10105395231223332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels can provide insights into a person's immunity to COVID-19 and inform decisions about vaccination and public health measures. Anti-S may be useful as an indicator of an effective immune response. Thus, we conducted this study that aimed to determine the immune response of anti-S antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 for all the vaccine types over time among adult recipients in Malaysia and to determine the associated factors. This study was a cohort that recruited 2513 respondents aged 18 years and above from June to December 2021. Each participant was followed-up for 1-year period from the initial vaccine dose (baseline). We found that the anti-S antibody generally increased for all vaccine types and peaked at two weeks after the second dose vaccination, with Pfizer recipients having the highest median of 100 (100.00-100.00). During the third-month follow-up, the seropositivity of anti-S antibody and the median level decreased for all vaccines. We found that type of vaccines, comorbid status, infection, and booster status were significantly associated with the anti-S antibody level after one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Aliza Lodz
- Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohd Hatta Abd Mutalip
- Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Shubash Shander Ganapathy
- Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Chong Zhuo Lin
- Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Rohani Ismail
- Vaccine-Borne Disease Sector, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Noor Ani Ahmad
- Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Malaysia
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