1
|
Lee EY, Dai Z, Jaiswal A, Wang EHC, Anandasabapathy N, Christiano AM. Functional interrogation of lymphocyte subsets in alopecia areata using single-cell RNA sequencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305764120. [PMID: 37428932 PMCID: PMC10629527 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305764120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is among the most prevalent autoimmune diseases, but the development of innovative therapeutic strategies has lagged due to an incomplete understanding of the immunological underpinnings of disease. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of skin-infiltrating immune cells from the graft-induced C3H/HeJ mouse model of AA, coupled with antibody-based depletion to interrogate the functional role of specific cell types in AA in vivo. Since AA is predominantly T cell-mediated, we focused on dissecting lymphocyte function in AA. Both our scRNAseq and functional studies established CD8+ T cells as the primary disease-driving cell type in AA. Only the depletion of CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells, NK, B, or γδ T cells, was sufficient to prevent and reverse AA. Selective depletion of regulatory T cells (Treg) showed that Treg are protective against AA in C3H/HeJ mice, suggesting that failure of Treg-mediated immunosuppression is not a major disease mechanism in AA. Focused analyses of CD8+ T cells revealed five subsets, whose heterogeneity is defined by an "effectorness gradient" of interrelated transcriptional states that culminate in increased effector function and tissue residency. scRNAseq of human AA skin showed that CD8+ T cells in human AA follow a similar trajectory, underscoring that shared mechanisms drive disease in both murine and human AA. Our study represents a comprehensive, systematic interrogation of lymphocyte heterogeneity in AA and uncovers a novel framework for AA-associated CD8+ T cells with implications for the design of future therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Y. Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY10032
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Zhenpeng Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY10032
| | - Abhinav Jaiswal
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065
| | - Eddy Hsi Chun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY10032
| | - Niroshana Anandasabapathy
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065
| | - Angela M. Christiano
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY10032
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY10032
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cao Y, Liang W, Fang L, Liu M, Zuo J, Peng Y, Shan J, Sun R, Zhao J, Wang J. PD-L1/PD-L1 signalling promotes colorectal cancer cell migration ability through RAS/MEK/ERK. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:1281-1293. [PMID: 36050267 PMCID: PMC9826327 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is widely known as an immune checkpoint, and immunotherapy through the inhibition of checkpoint molecules has become an important component in the successful treatment of tumours via programmed death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 signalling pathways. However, its biological functions and expression profile in colorectal cancer (CRC) are elusive. We previously found that PD-L1 can bind to PD-L1 and cause cell detachment. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of how PD-L1 binds to PD-L1 and how it transmits signals to the cell remain unclear. In this study, we disclosed that PD-L1 expression was dramatically upregulated in CRC compared to normal tissues. Ectopic expression of PD-L1 inhibits cell adhesive capacity and promotes cell migration in CRC cell lines, while silencing PD-L1 had the opposite effects and suppressed invasion and proliferation. Mechanistically, PD-L1 was found to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the ERK signalling molecule pathway and interacted with the 1-86 aa fragment of KRAS to transduce signals. Collectively, our study demonstrated the role of PD-L1 after binding to PD-L1 in CRC, thereby providing a new theoretical basis for further improving immunotherapy with anti-PD-L1 antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Cao
- School of Biology and Biological EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Weiye Liang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Lian Fang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Ming‐kai Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Jia Zuo
- Department of Neurobiology, School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Ying‐long Peng
- Department of Neurobiology, School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Jia‐jie Shan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Rui‐xia Sun
- Bioscience LaboratoryBIOS bioscience and Technology Limited CompanyGuangzhouChina
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Biology and Biological EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina,Department of Neurobiology, School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina,Bioscience LaboratoryBIOS bioscience and Technology Limited CompanyGuangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang YG, Zheng DH, Shi M, Xu XM. T cell dysfunction in chronic hepatitis B infection and liver cancer: evidence from transcriptome analysis. J Med Genet 2018; 56:22-28. [PMID: 30518547 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cell dysfunction occurs in many diseases, especially in chronic virus infection and cancers. However, up to now, little is known on the distinctions in T cell exhaustion between cancer and chronic virus infection. The objective of this study is to explore the transcriptional similarities and differences in exhausted CD8 +T cell between chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS RNA sequencing was performed to compare the transcriptome of CD8 +T cells isolated from healthy donors' blood, tumour tissues of patients with HCC and chronic HBV infected HCC patients' paracancerous tissues. DESeq2 algorithm was used to determine differentially expressed genes. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was conducted for in-depth analysis of these differentially expressed genes. RESULTS A total number of 2109 and 2203 genes were differentially expressed in patients with chronic HBV infection and HCC, respectively. Comparing these two groups of differentially deregulated genes, we found that nearly half of them were shared, and these shared genes were further classified into several functional categories, such as metabolic process, binding and intracellular organelle. KEGG analysis revealed that these shared deregulated genes were involved in many important pathways such as Parkinson's disease, oxidative phosphorylation and messenger RNA surveillance. Interestingly, we reported that chronic HBV infection specific deregulated genes were mainly enriched in graft versus host disease, allograft rejection, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis pathways. Whereas, HCC-specific deregulated genes were highly enriched in oxidative phosphorylation, thyroid cancer and endometrial cancer pathways. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that T cell dysfunction associated with HCC and chronic HBV infection shares high similarities, however, each possesses its own features in terms of specific genes and signalling pathways. Uncovering the differences of T cells dysfunction would facilitate our understanding the diseases pathogenesis and developing innovative therapies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Gang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Hui Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital and The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Ming Xu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wei JS, Kuznetsov IB, Zhang S, Song YK, Asgharzadeh S, Sindiri S, Wen X, Patidar R, Najaraj S, Walton A, Auvil JMG, Gerhard DS, Yuksel A, Catchpoole D, Hewitt SM, Sondel PM, Seeger R, Maris JM, Khan J. Clinically Relevant Cytotoxic Immune Cell Signatures and Clonal Expansion of T-Cell Receptors in High-Risk MYCN-Not-Amplified Human Neuroblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5673-5684. [PMID: 29784674 PMCID: PMC6504934 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: High-risk neuroblastoma is an aggressive disease. DNA sequencing studies have revealed a paucity of actionable genomic alterations and a low mutation burden, posing challenges to develop effective novel therapies. We used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate the biology of this disease, including a focus on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL).Experimental Design: We performed deep RNA-seq on pretreatment diagnostic tumors from 129 high-risk and 21 low- or intermediate-risk patients with neuroblastomas. We used single-sample gene set enrichment analysis to detect gene expression signatures of TILs in tumors and examined their association with clinical and molecular parameters, including patient outcome. The expression profiles of 190 additional pretreatment diagnostic neuroblastomas, a neuroblastoma tissue microarray, and T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing were used to validate our findings.Results: We found that MYCN-not-amplified (MYCN-NA) tumors had significantly higher cytotoxic TIL signatures compared with MYCN-amplified (MYCN-A) tumors. A reported MYCN activation signature was significantly associated with poor outcome for high-risk patients with MYCN-NA tumors; however, a subgroup of these patients who had elevated activated natural killer (NK) cells, CD8+ T cells, and cytolytic signatures showed improved outcome and expansion of infiltrating TCR clones. Furthermore, we observed upregulation of immune exhaustion marker genes, indicating an immune-suppressive microenvironment in these neuroblastomas.Conclusions: This study provides evidence that RNA signatures of cytotoxic TIL are associated with the presence of activated NK/T cells and improved outcomes in high-risk neuroblastoma patients harboring MYCN-NA tumors. Our findings suggest that these high-risk patients with MYCN-NA neuroblastoma may benefit from additional immunotherapies incorporated into the current therapeutic strategies. Clin Cancer Res; 24(22); 5673-84. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun S Wei
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Igor B Kuznetsov
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York
| | - Shile Zhang
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Young K Song
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shahab Asgharzadeh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, the Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sivasish Sindiri
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xinyu Wen
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rajesh Patidar
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sushma Najaraj
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ashley Walton
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Daniela S Gerhard
- Office of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aysen Yuksel
- The Tumour Bank, Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel Catchpoole
- The Tumour Bank, Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul M Sondel
- Departments of Pediatrics, Human Oncology and Genetics, the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Robert Seeger
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, the Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - John M Maris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Javed Khan
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou Y, Chen CL, Jiang SW, Feng Y, Yuan L, Chen P, Zhang L, Huang S, Li J, Xia JC, Zheng M. Retrospective analysis of the efficacy of adjuvant CIK cell therapy in epithelial ovarian cancer patients who received postoperative chemotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2018; 8:e1528411. [PMID: 30713783 PMCID: PMC6343777 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1528411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are demonstrated to possess potent cytolytic effect against ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the clinical efficacy of maintenance therapy of CIK cells in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) after first-line treatment remains unclear. This retrospective study included 646 cases of postoperative EOC patients, 72 of which received chemotherapy and sequential immunotherapy (CIT group), and 574 of which received only chemotherapy (Control group). Patients in the CIT group received at least four cycles of CIK cell (range 8.0 × 109 – 1.3 × 1010 cells) transfusion, with the interval of each cycle being 2 weeks. Survival analysis showed a significantly higher overall survival (OS) rate in the CIT group compared with the control group, as well as a favorable progression-free survival (PFS). Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that adjuvant CIT was an independent prognostic factor for the OS of patients with EOC. Furthermore, subgroup analyses showed that adjuvant CIT significantly improved the OS of patients older than 45 years, with CA125 ≤ 1000, or with moderate or poorly differentiated tumors, and prolonged the PFS of patients with residual disease > 1 cm. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that a higher fraction of CD3+CD8+/CD3+CD56+ phenotypes or lower percentage of CD3+CD4+/CD3−CD56+ phenotypes in the infused CIK cells significantly associated with better survival of patients with EOC. Furthermore, across all processes of CIK cell immunotherapy in the CIT group, 12.5% (9/72) of patients developed self-limiting light fevers and shivering at grade 1 or 2. No immunotherapy-related serious reactions were recorded. These data indicate that adjuvant CIT with CIK cells is an effective therapeutic approach to prolonging the survival of EOC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Sen-Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yanling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Linjing Yuan
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of VIP region, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Yunnan Cancer Hospital & The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Shuting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jundong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Chuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wayteck L, Xiong R, Braeckmans K, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. Comparing photoporation and nucleofection for delivery of small interfering RNA to cytotoxic T cells. J Control Release 2017; 267:154-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
7
|
Abstract
Recent progress in cancer immunotherapy emphasizes the importance of understanding immune-regulatory pathways in tumours. Dysfunction of antitumour T cells may be due to mechanisms that are evolutionarily conserved or acquired by somatic mutations. The dysfunctional state of T cells has been termed 'exhaustion', on the basis of similarities to dysfunctional T cells in chronic infections. However, despite shared properties, recent studies have identified marked differences between T cell dysfunction in cancer and chronic infection. In this Review, we discuss T cell-intrinsic molecular alterations and metabolic communication in the tumour microenvironment. Identification of the underlying molecular drivers of T cell dysfunction is essential for the continued progress of cancer research and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Speiser
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Biopole 3 - 02DB92, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.,Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Biopole 3 - 02DB92, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Verdeil
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Biopole 3 - 02DB92, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Waugh KA, Leach SM, Moore BL, Bruno TC, Buhrman JD, Slansky JE. Molecular Profile of Tumor-Specific CD8+ T Cell Hypofunction in a Transplantable Murine Cancer Model. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1477-88. [PMID: 27371726 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of self-tolerance often result in CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) with a hypofunctional phenotype incapable of tumor clearance. Using a transplantable colon carcinoma model, we found that CD8(+) T cells became tolerized in <24 h in an established tumor environment. To define the collective impact of pathways suppressing TIL function, we compared genome-wide mRNA expression of tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells from the tumor and periphery. Notably, gene expression induced during TIL hypofunction more closely resembled self-tolerance than viral exhaustion. Differential gene expression was refined to identify a core set of genes that defined hypofunctional TIL; these data comprise the first molecular profile of tumor-specific TIL that are naturally responding and represent a polyclonal repertoire. The molecular profile of TIL was further dissected to determine the extent of overlap and distinction between pathways that collectively restrict T cell functions. As suggested by the molecular profile of TIL, protein expression of inhibitory receptor LAG-3 was differentially regulated throughout prolonged late-G1/early-S phase of the cell cycle. Our data may accelerate efficient identification of combination therapies to boost anti-tumor function of TIL specifically against tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia M Leach
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Brandon L Moore
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; and
| | - Tullia C Bruno
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; and
| | | | - Jill E Slansky
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; and
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Identification of shared TCR sequences from T cells in human breast cancer using emulsion RT-PCR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:8272-7. [PMID: 27307436 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1606994113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infiltration of T cells in breast tumors correlates with improved survival of patients with breast cancer, despite relatively few mutations in these tumors. To determine if T-cell specificity can be harnessed to augment immunotherapies of breast cancer, we sought to identify the alpha-beta paired T-cell receptors (TCRs) of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes shared between multiple patients. Because TCRs function as heterodimeric proteins, we used an emulsion-based RT-PCR assay to link and amplify TCR pairs. Using this assay on engineered T-cell hybridomas, we observed ∼85% accurate pairing fidelity, although TCR recovery frequency varied. When we applied this technique to patient samples, we found that for any given TCR pair, the dominant alpha- or beta-binding partner comprised ∼90% of the total binding partners. Analysis of TCR sequences from primary tumors showed about fourfold more overlap in tumor-involved relative to tumor-free sentinel lymph nodes. Additionally, comparison of sequences from both tumors of a patient with bilateral breast cancer showed 10% overlap. Finally, we identified a panel of unique TCRs shared between patients' tumors and peripheral blood that were not found in the peripheral blood of controls. These TCRs encoded a range of V, J, and complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) sequences on the alpha-chain, and displayed restricted V-beta use. The nucleotides encoding these shared TCR CDR3s varied, suggesting immune selection of this response. Harnessing these T cells may provide practical strategies to improve the shared antigen-specific response to breast cancer.
Collapse
|
10
|
Effector, Memory, and Dysfunctional CD8(+) T Cell Fates in the Antitumor Immune Response. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:8941260. [PMID: 27314056 PMCID: PMC4893440 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8941260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune system plays a pivotal role in the host's ability to mount an effective, antigen-specific immune response against tumors. CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) mediate tumor rejection through recognition of tumor antigens and direct killing of transformed cells. In growing tumors, TILs are often functionally impaired as a result of interaction with, or signals from, transformed cells and the tumor microenvironment. These interactions and signals can lead to transcriptional, functional, and phenotypic changes in TILs that diminish the host's ability to eradicate the tumor. In addition to effector and memory CD8(+) T cells, populations described as exhausted, anergic, senescent, and regulatory CD8(+) T cells have been observed in clinical and basic studies of antitumor immune responses. In the context of antitumor immunity, these CD8(+) T cell subsets remain poorly characterized in terms of fate-specific biomarkers and transcription factor profiles. Here we discuss the current characterization of CD8(+) T cell fates in antitumor immune responses and discuss recent insights into how signals in the tumor microenvironment influence TIL transcriptional networks to promote CD8(+) T cell dysfunction.
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Waugh
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Mail Stop 8333, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sonia M Leach
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Jill E Slansky
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Mail Stop 8333, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|