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Cohn H, Bloom N, Cai G, Clark JJ, Tarke A, Bermúdez-González MC, Altman DR, Lugo LA, Lobo FP, Marquez S, Chen JQ, Ren W, Qin L, Yates JL, Hunt DT, Lee WT, Crotty S, Krammer F, Grifoni A, Sette A, Simon V, Coelho CH. Mpox vaccine and infection-driven human immune signatures: an immunological analysis of an observational study. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 23:1302-1312. [PMID: 37475115 PMCID: PMC10826035 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monkeypox virus has recently infected more than 88 000 people, raising concerns about our preparedness against this emerging viral pathogen. Licensed and approved for mpox, the JYNNEOS vaccine has fewer side-effects than previous smallpox vaccines and has shown immunogenicity against monkeypox in animal models. This study aims to elucidate human immune responses to JYNNEOS vaccination compared with mpox-induced immunity. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sera were obtained from ten individuals vaccinated with one or two doses of JYNNEOS and six individuals diagnosed with monkeypox virus infection. Samples were obtained from seven individuals before vaccination to serve as a baseline. We examined the polyclonal serum (ELISA) and single B-cell (heavy chain gene and transcriptome data) antibody repertoires and T-cell responses (activation-induced marker and intracellular cytokine staining assays) induced by the JYNNEOS vaccine versus monkeypox virus infection. FINDINGS All participants were men between the ages of 21 and 60 years, except for one woman in the group of mpox-convalescent individuals, and none had previous orthopoxvirus exposure. All mpox cases were mild. Vaccinee samples were collected 6-33 days after the first dose and 5-40 days after the second dose. Mpox-convalescent samples were collected 20-102 days after infection. In vaccine recipients, gene-level plasmablast and antibody responses were negligible and sera displayed moderate binding to recombinant orthopoxviral proteins (A29L, A35R, E8L, A30L, A27L, A33R, B18R, and L1R) and native proteins from the 2022 monkeypox outbreak strain. By contrast, recent monkeypox virus infection (within 20-102 days) induced robust serum antibody responses to monkeypox virus proteins and to native monkeypox virus proteins from a viral isolate obtained during the 2022 outbreak. JYNNEOS vaccine recipients presented robust orthopoxviral CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. INTERPRETATION Infection with monkeypox virus resulted in robust B-cell and T-cell responses, whereas immunisation with JYNNEOS elicited more robust T-cell responses. These data can help to inform vaccine design and policies for preventing mpox in humans. FUNDING National Cancer Institute (National Institutes of Health), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (National Institutes of Health), and Icahn School of Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallie Cohn
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathaniel Bloom
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gianna Cai
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
| | - Jordan J. Clark
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison Tarke
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maria C. Bermúdez-González
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
| | - Deena R. Altman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luz Amarilis Lugo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francisco Pereira Lobo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Susanna Marquez
- Doctoral Program in Design, Manufacture, and Management of Industrial Projects, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - PVI study group
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer L. Yates
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, The School of Public Health, The University at Albany, Albany, NY
| | - Danielle T. Hunt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - William T. Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, The School of Public Health, The University at Albany, Albany, NY
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Camila H. Coelho
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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