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Zafar I, Taniguchi T, Baghdadi HB, Kondoh D, Rizk MA, Galon EM, Ji S, El-Sayed SAES, Do T, Li H, Amer MM, Zhuowei M, Yihong M, Zhou J, Inoue N, Xuan X. Babesia microti alleviates disease manifestations caused by Plasmodium berghei ANKA in murine co-infection model of complicated malaria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1226088. [PMID: 37492527 PMCID: PMC10364126 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1226088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains one of the most significant health issues worldwide, accounting for 2.6% of the total global disease burden, and efforts to eliminate this threat continue. The key focus is to develop an efficient and long-term immunity to this disease via vaccination or therapeutic approach, and innovative strategies would enable us to achieve this target. Previously, using a mouse co-infection disease model, cross-protection was illustrated between Babesia microti and Plasmodium chabaudi. Hence, this study was planned to elucidate the impact of acute B. microti Peabody mjr and Plasmodium berghei ANKA co-infection on the consequence of complicated malaria in the C57BL/6J mouse model of malaria. Furthermore, immune response and pathological features were analyzed, and the course of the disease was compared among experimental groups. Our study established that acute B. microti infection activated immunity which was otherwise suppressed by P. berghei. The immunosuppressive tissue microenvironment was counteracted as evidenced by the enhanced immune cell population in co-infected mice, in contrast to P. berghei-infected control mice. Parasite sequestration in the brain, liver, lung, and spleen of co-infected mice was significantly decreased and tissue injury was ameliorated. Meanwhile, the serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12p70 were reduced while the secretion of IL-10 was promoted in co-infected mice. Eventually, co-infected mice showed an extended rate of survival. Hereby, the principal cytokines associated with the severity of malaria by P. berghei infection were TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-12p70. Moreover, it was evident from our flow cytometry results that innate immunity is crucial and macrophages are at the frontline of immunity against P. berghei infection. Our study recommended further investigations to shed light on the effects of babesiosis in suppressing malaria with the goal of developing Babesia-based therapy against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Zafar
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
- Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Veterinary Research Institute, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Tomoyo Taniguchi
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara Cho, Japan
| | - Hanadi B. Baghdadi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daisuke Kondoh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Mohamed Abdo Rizk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eloiza May Galon
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite, Philippines
| | - Shengwei Ji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Shimaa Abd El-Salam El-Sayed
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Thom Do
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Hang Li
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Moaz M. Amer
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Ma Zhuowei
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Ma Yihong
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Jinlin Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Noboru Inoue
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
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A single dose of genetically-attenuated malaria blood-stage parasites protects against two Plasmodium species infections. Vaccine 2023; 41:1281-1285. [PMID: 36653222 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Genetically-growth-attenuated blood-stage parasites were generated inPlasmodium falciparumby targeted deletion of NT1 (Nucleoside Transporter-1) gene, and Pfnt1(-) parasites only grew after providing the culture with supra-physiological concentrations of purines. Genetically-attenuatedP. yoeliint1(-)parasites induced sterile-protection against homologous blood-stage infectious challenge after immunization with single subpatent doses, which remained subpatent even in immune-compromised mice. Here, we showed that immunizations with frozen-stocks of equally-mixedP. bergheiandP. yoelii nt1(-)parasites in single subcutaneous doses, which did not lead to patent blood-stage infection, conferred sterile protection against intravenous infectious blood-stage challenge with wild-type parasites ofP. bergheiANKA andP. yoelii17X-NL strains. This data highlights the possibility that a single subcutaneous sub-patent dose of two species of genetically-growth-attenuated parasites, which can protect humans against twoPlasmodiumspp. infections, could be developed in cultures provided with supra-physiological concentrations of purines, and shipped to endemic areas as frozen-stock doses.
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Imai T, Ngo-Thanh H, Suzue K, Shimo A, Nakamura A, Horiuchi Y, Hisaeda H, Murakami T. Live Vaccination with Blood-Stage Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL Prevents the Development of Experimental Cerebral Malaria. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050762. [PMID: 35632518 PMCID: PMC9145751 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In our work, we aim to develop a malaria vaccine with cross-strain (-species) protection. C57BL/6 mice infected with the P. berghei ANKA strain (PbA) develop experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). In contrast, ECM development is inhibited in infected mice depleted of T cells. The clinical applications of immune-cell depletion are limited due to the benefits of host defense against infectious diseases. Therefore, in the present study we attempted to develop a new method for preventing ECM without immune cell depletion. We demonstrated that mice inoculated with a heterologous live-vaccine of P. yoelii 17XNL were able to prevent both ECM and lung pathology and survived longer than control mice when challenged with PbA. Live vaccination protected blood–organ barriers from PbA infection. Meanwhile, live vaccination conferred sterile protection against homologous challenge with the P. yoelii 17XL virulent strain for the long-term. Analysis of the immune response induced by live vaccination showed that cross-reactive antibodies against PbA antigens were generated. IL-10, which has an immunosuppressive effect, was strongly induced in mice challenged with PbA, unlike the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFNγ. These results suggest that the protective effect of heterologous live vaccination against ECM development results from IL-10-mediated host protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Imai
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (H.N.-T.); (K.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan; (A.S.); (A.N.); (Y.H.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-49-276-1166
| | - Ha Ngo-Thanh
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (H.N.-T.); (K.S.)
- National Hospital for Tropical Disease, 78 Giai Phong, Dong Da, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Kazutomo Suzue
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (H.N.-T.); (K.S.)
| | - Aoi Shimo
- Department of Microbiology, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan; (A.S.); (A.N.); (Y.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Akihiro Nakamura
- Department of Microbiology, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan; (A.S.); (A.N.); (Y.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Yutaka Horiuchi
- Department of Microbiology, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan; (A.S.); (A.N.); (Y.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Hajime Hisaeda
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-0052, Japan;
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Microbiology, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan; (A.S.); (A.N.); (Y.H.); (T.M.)
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