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Kisakov DN, Kisakova LA, Borgoyakova MB, Starostina EV, Taranov OS, Ivleva EK, Pyankov OV, Zaykovskaya AV, Shcherbakov DN, Rudometov AP, Rudometova NB, Volkova NV, Gureev VN, Ilyichev AA, Karpenko LI. Optimization of In Vivo Electroporation Conditions and Delivery of DNA Vaccine Encoding SARS-CoV-2 RBD Using the Determined Protocol. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112259. [PMID: 36365078 PMCID: PMC9693113 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections requires safe, effective, and inexpensive vaccines that can be rapidly developed. DNA vaccines are candidates that meet these criteria, but one of their drawbacks is their relatively weak immunogenicity. Electroporation (EP) is an effective way to enhance the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines, but because of the different configurations of the devices that are used for EP, it is necessary to carefully select the conditions of the procedure, including characteristics such as voltage, current strength, number of pulses, etc. In this study, we determined the optimal parameters for delivery DNA vaccine by electroporation using the BEX CO device. BALB/c mice were used as a model. Plasmid DNA phMGFP was intramuscular (I/M) injected into the quadriceps muscle of the left hind leg of animals using insulin syringes, followed by EP. As a result of the experiments, the following EP parameters were determined: direct and reverse polarity rectangular DC current in three pulses, 12 V voltage for 30 ms and 950 ms intervals, with a current limit of 45 mA. The selected protocol induced a low level of injury and provided a high level of GFP expression. The chosen protocol was used to evaluate the immunogenicity of the DNA vaccine encoding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 protein (pVAXrbd) injected by EP. It was shown that the delivery of pVAXrbd via EP significantly enhanced both specific humoral and cellular immune responses compared to the intramuscular injection of the DNA vaccine.
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Abstract
Current influenza vaccines, while being the best method of managing viral outbreaks, have several major drawbacks that prevent them from being wholly-effective. They need to be updated regularly and require extensive resources to develop. When considering alternatives, the recent deployment of mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 has created a unique opportunity to evaluate a new platform for seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines. The mRNA format has previously been examined for application to influenza and promising data suggest it may be a viable format for next-generation influenza vaccines. Here, we discuss the prospect of shifting global influenza vaccination efforts to an mRNA-based system that might allow better control over the product and immune responses and could aid in the development of a universal vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Shartouny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anice C Lowen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response (Emory-CEIRR), USA
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Carascal MB, Pavon RDN, Rivera WL. Recent Progress in Recombinant Influenza Vaccine Development Toward Heterosubtypic Immune Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878943. [PMID: 35663997 PMCID: PMC9162156 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Flu, a viral infection caused by the influenza virus, is still a global public health concern with potential to cause seasonal epidemics and pandemics. Vaccination is considered the most effective protective strategy against the infection. However, given the high plasticity of the virus and the suboptimal immunogenicity of existing influenza vaccines, scientists are moving toward the development of universal vaccines. An important property of universal vaccines is their ability to induce heterosubtypic immunity, i.e., a wide immune response coverage toward different influenza subtypes. With the increasing number of studies and mounting evidence on the safety and efficacy of recombinant influenza vaccines (RIVs), they have been proposed as promising platforms for the development of universal vaccines. This review highlights the current progress and advances in the development of RIVs in the context of heterosubtypic immunity induction toward universal vaccine production. In particular, this review discussed existing knowledge on influenza and vaccine development, current hemagglutinin-based RIVs in the market and in the pipeline, other potential vaccine targets for RIVs (neuraminidase, matrix 1 and 2, nucleoprotein, polymerase acidic, and basic 1 and 2 antigens), and deantigenization process. This review also provided discussion points and future perspectives in looking at RIVs as potential universal vaccine candidates for influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Carascal
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.,Clinical and Translational Research Institute, The Medical City, Pasig City, Philippines
| | - Rance Derrick N Pavon
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Windell L Rivera
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Influenza vaccines are the most useful strategy for preventing influenza illness, especially in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. For the coming year (2021/2022) all vaccines will be quadrivalent and contain two influenza A strains [(H1N1)pdm09-like and (H3N2)-like viruses] and two influenza B strains (Victoria lineage-like and Yamagata lineage-like viruses). However, the currently licensed have suboptimal efficacy due to the emergence of new strains and vaccine production limitations. In this review, we summarize the current recommendations as well as new advancements in influenza vaccinations. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances have been aimed at moving away from egg-based vaccines and toward cell culture and recombinant vaccines. This removes egg adaptations that decrease vaccine efficacy, removes the reliance on egg availability and decreases the time necessary to manufacture vaccines. However, even more radical changes are needed if we are to reach the ultimate goal of a universal vaccine capable of providing long-lasting protection against all or at least most influenza strains. We discuss various strategies, including using more stable influenza antigens such as the hemagglutinin stalk and internal proteins as well as new adjuvants, new vaccine formulations, and DNA/RNA-based vaccines that are currently being developed. SUMMARY The currently available vaccines have suboptimal efficacy and do not provide adequate protection against drifted and shifted strains. Thus, the development of a universal influenza vaccine that induces long-lasing immunity and protects against a broad range of strains is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Khalil
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department Pediatrics, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David I Bernstein
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Starostina EV, Sharabrin SV, Antropov DN, Stepanov GA, Shevelev GY, Lemza AE, Rudometov AP, Borgoyakova MB, Rudometova NB, Marchenko VY, Danilchenko NV, Chikaev AN, Bazhan SI, Ilyichev AA, Karpenko LI. Construction and Immunogenicity of Modified mRNA-Vaccine Variants Encoding Influenza Virus Antigens. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:452. [PMID: 34063689 PMCID: PMC8147809 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based influenza vaccines are a promising platform that have recently and rapidly developed. We previously demonstrated the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines encoding artificial immunogens AgH1, AgH3, and AgM2, which contained conserved fragments of the hemagglutinin stem of two subtypes of influenza A-H1N1 and H3N2-and conserved protein M2. Thus, the aim of this study was to design and characterize modified mRNA obtained using the above plasmid DNA vaccines as a template. To select the most promising protocol for creating highly immunogenic mRNA vaccines, we performed a comparative analysis of mRNA modifications aimed at increasing its translational activity and decreasing toxicity. We used mRNA encoding a green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a model. Eight mRNA-GFP variants with different modifications (M0-M7) were obtained using the classic cap(1), its chemical analog ARCA (anti-reverse cap analog), pseudouridine (Ψ), N6-methyladenosine (m6A), and 5-methylcytosine (m5C) in different ratios. Modifications M2, M6, and M7, which provided the most intensive fluorescence of transfected HEK293FT cells were used for template synthesis when mRNA encoded influenza immunogens AgH1, AgH3, and AgM2. Virus specific antibodies were registered in groups of animals immunized with a mix of mRNAs encoding AgH1, AgH3, and AgM2, which contained either ARCA (with inclusions of 100% Ψ and 20% m6A (M6)) or a classic cap(1) (with 100% substitution of U with Ψ (M7)). M6 modification was the least toxic when compared with other mRNA variants. M6 and M7 RNA modifications can therefore be considered as promising protocols for designing mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V. Starostina
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.V.S.); (A.P.R.); (M.B.B.); (N.B.R.); (V.Y.M.); (N.V.D.); (S.I.B.); (A.A.I.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Sergei V. Sharabrin
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.V.S.); (A.P.R.); (M.B.B.); (N.B.R.); (V.Y.M.); (N.V.D.); (S.I.B.); (A.A.I.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Denis N. Antropov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.N.A.); (G.A.S.); (G.Y.S.); (A.E.L.)
| | - Grigory A. Stepanov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.N.A.); (G.A.S.); (G.Y.S.); (A.E.L.)
| | - Georgiy Yu. Shevelev
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.N.A.); (G.A.S.); (G.Y.S.); (A.E.L.)
| | - Anna E. Lemza
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.N.A.); (G.A.S.); (G.Y.S.); (A.E.L.)
| | - Andrey P. Rudometov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.V.S.); (A.P.R.); (M.B.B.); (N.B.R.); (V.Y.M.); (N.V.D.); (S.I.B.); (A.A.I.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Mariya B. Borgoyakova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.V.S.); (A.P.R.); (M.B.B.); (N.B.R.); (V.Y.M.); (N.V.D.); (S.I.B.); (A.A.I.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Nadezhda B. Rudometova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.V.S.); (A.P.R.); (M.B.B.); (N.B.R.); (V.Y.M.); (N.V.D.); (S.I.B.); (A.A.I.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Vasiliy Yu. Marchenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.V.S.); (A.P.R.); (M.B.B.); (N.B.R.); (V.Y.M.); (N.V.D.); (S.I.B.); (A.A.I.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Natalia V. Danilchenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.V.S.); (A.P.R.); (M.B.B.); (N.B.R.); (V.Y.M.); (N.V.D.); (S.I.B.); (A.A.I.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Anton N. Chikaev
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Sergei I. Bazhan
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.V.S.); (A.P.R.); (M.B.B.); (N.B.R.); (V.Y.M.); (N.V.D.); (S.I.B.); (A.A.I.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Alexander A. Ilyichev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.V.S.); (A.P.R.); (M.B.B.); (N.B.R.); (V.Y.M.); (N.V.D.); (S.I.B.); (A.A.I.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Larisa I. Karpenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.V.S.); (A.P.R.); (M.B.B.); (N.B.R.); (V.Y.M.); (N.V.D.); (S.I.B.); (A.A.I.); (L.I.K.)
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Plant EP, Xie H. Research Updates for Influenza Virus and Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9040383. [PMID: 33919751 PMCID: PMC8070711 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hang Xie
- Correspondence: (E.P.P.); (H.X.)
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