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Daman AW, Cheong JG, Berneking L, Josefowicz SZ. The potency of hematopoietic stem cell reprogramming for changing immune tone. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:197-208. [PMID: 38632868 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Innate immune memory endows innate immune cells with antigen independent heightened responsiveness to subsequent challenges. The durability of this response can be mediated by inflammation induced epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that are maintained through differentiation to mature immune progeny. Understanding the mechanisms and extent of trained immunity induction by pathogens and vaccines, such as BCG, in HSPC remains a critical area of exploration with important implications for health and disease. Here we review these concepts and present new analysis to highlight how inflammatory reprogramming of HSPC can potently alter immune tone, including to enhance specific anti-tumor responses. New findings in the field pave the way for novel HSPC targeting therapeutic strategies in cancer and other contexts of immune modulation. Future studies are expected to unravel diverse and extensive effects of infections, vaccines, microbiota, and sterile inflammation on hematopoietic progenitor cells and begin to illuminate the broad spectrum of immunologic tuning that can be established through altering HSPC phenotypes. The purpose of this review is to draw attention to emerging and speculative topics in this field where we posit that focused study of HSPC in the framework of trained immunity holds significant promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Daman
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jin Gyu Cheong
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laura Berneking
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven Z Josefowicz
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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Kashyap S, Agarwala N, Sunkar R. Understanding plant stress memory traits can provide a way for sustainable agriculture. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 340:111954. [PMID: 38092267 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
Being sessile, plants encounter various biotic and abiotic threats in their life cycle. To minimize the damages caused by such threats, plants have acquired sophisticated response mechanisms. One major such response includes memorizing the encountered stimuli in the form of a metabolite, hormone, protein, or epigenetic marks. All of these individually as well as together, facilitate effective transcriptional and post-transcriptional responses upon encountering the stress episode for a second time during the life cycle and in some instances even in the future generations. This review attempts to highlight the recent advances in the area of plant memory. A detailed understanding of plant memory has the potential to offer solutions for developing climate-resilient crops for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampurna Kashyap
- Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Niraj Agarwala
- Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India.
| | - Ramanjulu Sunkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
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Contreras E, Martinez M. The RIN4-like/NOI proteins NOI10 and NOI11 modulate the response to biotic stresses mediated by RIN4 in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:70. [PMID: 38358510 PMCID: PMC10869442 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE NOI10 and NOI11 are two RIN4-like/NOI proteins that participate in the immune response of the Arabidopsis plant and affect the RIN4-regulated mechanisms involving the R-proteins RPM1 and RPS2. The immune response in plants depends on the regulation of signaling pathways triggered by pathogens and herbivores. RIN4, a protein of the RIN4-like/NOI family, is considered to be a central immune signal in the interactions of plants and pathogens. In Arabidopsis thaliana, four of the 15 members of the RIN4-like/NOI family (NOI3, NOI5, NOI10, and NOI11) were induced in response to the plant herbivore Tetranychus urticae. While overexpressing NOI10 and NOI11 plants did not affect mite performance, opposite callose accumulation patterns were observed when compared to RIN4 overexpressing plants. In vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrated the interaction of NOI10 and NOI11 with the RIN4 interactors RPM1, RPS2, and RIPK, suggesting a role in the context of the RIN4-regulated immune response. Transient expression experiments in Nicotiana benthamiana evidenced that NOI10 and NOI11 differed from RIN4 in their functionality. Furthermore, overexpressing NOI10 and NOI11 plants had significant differences in susceptibility with WT and overexpressing RIN4 plants when challenged with Pseudomonas syringae bacteria expressing the AvrRpt2 or the AvrRpm1 effectors. These results demonstrate the participation of NOI10 and NOI11 in the RIN4-mediated pathway. Whereas RIN4 is considered a guardee protein, NOI10 and NOI11 could act as decoys to modulate the concerted activity of effectors and R-proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Contreras
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, 20223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, 20223, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
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Qiao S, Ma J, Wang Y, Chen J, Kang Z, Bian Q, Chen J, Yin Y, Cao G, Zhao G, Yang G, Sun H, Yang Y. Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveal Details of the Molecular Regulation of Resistance to Stem Nematode in Sweet Potato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2052. [PMID: 37653969 PMCID: PMC10221022 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Stem nematode disease can seriously reduce the yield of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam). To explore resistance mechanism to stem nematode in sweet potato, transcriptomes and metabolomes were sequenced and compared between two sweet potato cultivars, the resistant Zhenghong 22 and susceptible Longshu 9, at different times after stem nematode infection. In the transcriptional regulatory pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling was initiated in Zhenghong 22 at the early stage of infection to activate genes related to ethylene production. Stem nematode infection in Zhenghong 22 also triggered fatty acid metabolism and the activity of respiratory burst oxidase in the metabolic pathway, which further stimulated the glycolytic and shikimic pathways to provide raw materials for secondary metabolite biosynthesis. An integrated analysis of the secondary metabolic regulation pathway in the resistant cultivar Zhenghong 22 revealed the accumulation of tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, leading to increased biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids and salicylic acid and enhanced activity of the alkaloid pathway. Stem nematode infection also activated the biosynthesis of terpenoids, abscisic acid, zeatin, indole, and brassinosteroid, resulting in improved resistance to stem nematode. Finally, analyses of the resistance regulation pathway and a weighted gene co-expression network analysis highlighted the importance of the genes itf14g17940 and itf12g18840, encoding a leucine-rich receptor-like protein and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, respectively. These are candidate target genes for increasing the strength of the defense response. These results provide new ideas and a theoretical basis for understanding the mechanism of resistance to stem nematode in sweet potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouchen Qiao
- Cereal Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.Q.); (Y.W.); (Z.K.); (Q.B.); (Y.Y.); (G.Y.)
| | - Jukui Ma
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai Area, Xuzhou 221000, China; (J.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Yannan Wang
- Cereal Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.Q.); (Y.W.); (Z.K.); (Q.B.); (Y.Y.); (G.Y.)
| | - Jingwei Chen
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai Area, Xuzhou 221000, China; (J.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Zhihe Kang
- Cereal Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.Q.); (Y.W.); (Z.K.); (Q.B.); (Y.Y.); (G.Y.)
| | - Qianqian Bian
- Cereal Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.Q.); (Y.W.); (Z.K.); (Q.B.); (Y.Y.); (G.Y.)
| | - Jinjin Chen
- Cereal Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.Q.); (Y.W.); (Z.K.); (Q.B.); (Y.Y.); (G.Y.)
| | - Yumeng Yin
- Cereal Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.Q.); (Y.W.); (Z.K.); (Q.B.); (Y.Y.); (G.Y.)
| | - Guozheng Cao
- Cereal Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.Q.); (Y.W.); (Z.K.); (Q.B.); (Y.Y.); (G.Y.)
| | - Guorui Zhao
- Cereal Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.Q.); (Y.W.); (Z.K.); (Q.B.); (Y.Y.); (G.Y.)
| | - Guohong Yang
- Cereal Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.Q.); (Y.W.); (Z.K.); (Q.B.); (Y.Y.); (G.Y.)
| | - Houjun Sun
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai Area, Xuzhou 221000, China; (J.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Yufeng Yang
- Cereal Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.Q.); (Y.W.); (Z.K.); (Q.B.); (Y.Y.); (G.Y.)
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Memory of plants: present understanding. THE NUCLEUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-022-00399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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Kumar J, Ramlal A, Kumar K, Rani A, Mishra V. Signaling Pathways and Downstream Effectors of Host Innate Immunity in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169022. [PMID: 34445728 PMCID: PMC8396522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogens, such as biotrophs, hemibiotrophs and necrotrophs, pose serious stress on the development of their host plants, compromising their yields. Plants are in constant interaction with such phytopathogens and hence are vulnerable to their attack. In order to counter these attacks, plants need to develop immunity against them. Consequently, plants have developed strategies of recognizing and countering pathogenesis through pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Pathogen perception and surveillance is mediated through receptor proteins that trigger signal transduction, initiated in the cytoplasm or at the plasma membrane (PM) surfaces. Plant hosts possess microbe-associated molecular patterns (P/MAMPs), which trigger a complex set of mechanisms through the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and resistance (R) genes. These interactions lead to the stimulation of cytoplasmic kinases by many phosphorylating proteins that may also be transcription factors. Furthermore, phytohormones, such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene, are also effective in triggering defense responses. Closure of stomata, limiting the transfer of nutrients through apoplast and symplastic movements, production of antimicrobial compounds, programmed cell death (PCD) are some of the primary defense-related mechanisms. The current article highlights the molecular processes involved in plant innate immunity (PII) and discusses the most recent and plausible scientific interventions that could be useful in augmenting PII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- Bangalore Bioinnovation Centre, Life Sciences Park, Electronics City Phase 1, Bengaluru 560100, India;
| | - Ayyagari Ramlal
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Kamal Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110066, India;
| | - Anita Rani
- Department of Botany, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110003, India;
| | - Vachaspati Mishra
- Department of Botany, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110003, India;
- Correspondence:
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Iriti M, Vitalini S. Plant Immunity and Crop Yield: A Sustainable Approach in Agri-Food Systems. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020121. [PMID: 33546315 PMCID: PMC7913594 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity represents a trait common to animals and plants. Indeed, similar to animals, plants also evolved a complex defense machinery to defend against pest and pathogen attacks. Due to the concerns posed by the intensive use of agrochemicals, the possibility to stimulate the plant immune system with environmentally friendly and low-risk chemical and biological inducers is intriguing. Therefore, some plant protection products are commercially available to trigger the plant’s immune system, with benefits in terms of consumer health and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy;
- National Interuniveristy Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
- BAT Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli “Federico II”, 80055 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Sara Vitalini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy;
- National Interuniveristy Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
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Immunity in Light of Spinoza and Canguilhem. PHILOSOPHIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/philosophies5040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
All living organisms are under stress imposed by their surrounding environments. They must adapt to their stressors to live and survive. At the forefront of this adaptation is a defense system called immunity. Immunity, as the most ancient cognitive apparatus with memory function, is present in all living organisms. In previous reports, minimal cognitive function was defined as a “biologized” concept—namely, perception of elements in a milieu, integration of perceived information, reaction according to integrated information, and memory of that experience. In this study, I aim to explore the essential feature of immunity by synthesizing scientific facts and “metaphysicalizing” them with logical reasoning. As a result of my analysis, I have realized the essential element in immunity: the capacity to preserve the existence of organisms by regulating their physiology and pathology. Having further analyzed immunity with special reference to the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza and George Canguilhem, conatus (“appetite”, to be precise) with normative activities is deeply embedded in immunity and may constitute its essential feature. Given that conatus and normativity imply mental elements, including the judgment of good and bad or health and disease, it is possible to conclude that the essential function of immunity includes cognition with normative connotations. This inclusive view encourages us to rethink the fundamental nature and philosophical implications of immunity from the cognitive perspective.
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