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Wu H, Qi S, Fan S, Li H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Chen G. Analysis of the Mitochondrial COI Gene and Genetic Diversity of Endangered Goose Breeds. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1037. [PMID: 39202396 PMCID: PMC11353847 DOI: 10.3390/genes15081037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes of six endangered goose breeds (Xupu, Yangjiang, Yan, Wuzong, Baizi, and Lingxian) were sequenced and compared to assess the genetic diversity of endangered goose breeds. By constructing phylogenetic trees and evolutionary maps of genetic relationships, the affinities and degrees of genetic variations among the six different breeds were revealed. A total of 92 polymorphic sites were detected in the 741 bp sequence of the mtDNA COI gene after shear correction, and the GC content of the processed sequence (51.11%) was higher than that of the AT content (48.89%). The polymorphic loci within the populations of five of the six breeds (Xupu, Yangjiang, Yan, Baizi, and Lingxian) were more than 10, the haplotype diversity > 0.5, and the nucleotide diversity (Pi) > 0.005, with the Baizi geese being the exception. A total of 35 haplotypes were detected based on nucleotide variation among sequences, and the goose breed haplotypes showed a central star-shaped dispersion; the FST values were -0.03781 to 0.02645, The greatest genetic differentiation (FST = 0.02645) was observed in Yan and Wuzong breeds. The most frequent genetic exchange (Nm > 15.00) was between the Wuzong and Yangjiang geese. An analysis of molecular variance showed that the population genetic variation mainly came from within the population; the base mismatch differential distribution analysis of the goose breeds and the Tajima's D and Fu's Fs neutral detection of the historical occurrence dynamics of their populations were negative (p > 0.10). The distribution curve of the base mismatches showed a multimodal peak, which indicated that the population tended to be stabilised. These results provide important genetic information for the conservation and management of endangered goose breeds and a scientific basis for the development of effective conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.W.); (S.Q.); (S.F.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.X.); (G.C.)
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shangzong Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.W.); (S.Q.); (S.F.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.X.); (G.C.)
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Suyu Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.W.); (S.Q.); (S.F.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Haoyu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.W.); (S.Q.); (S.F.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.X.); (G.C.)
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.W.); (S.Q.); (S.F.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.X.); (G.C.)
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.W.); (S.Q.); (S.F.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.X.); (G.C.)
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.W.); (S.Q.); (S.F.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.X.); (G.C.)
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.W.); (S.Q.); (S.F.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.X.); (G.C.)
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Zhu J, Chen Y, Wu Y, Wang Y, Zhu K. Commensal bacteria contribute to the growth of multidrug-resistant Avibacterium paragallinarum in chickens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1010584. [PMID: 36406434 PMCID: PMC9672371 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1010584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Avibacterium paragallinarum-associated infectious coryza (IC) is an important threat in commercial poultry. Previous studies about the characteristics of A. paragallinarum are succeeded in revealing the course of IC disease, but whether and how resident microbes contribute to the infection remains unclear. To understand the role of commensal bacteria, we isolated 467 commensal bacteria, including 38 A. paragallinarum, from the respiratory tract of IC chicken. The predominant commensal isolates were Gram-positive bacteria belonging to Staphylococcus spp. [33.19%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 28.93-37.66%], Enterococcus spp. (16.49%, 95% CI: 13.23-20.17%), and Bacillus spp. (16.27%, 95% CI: 13.04-19.94%). These isolates were closely correlated with the survival of A. paragallinarum. We examined and found that commensal bacteria aggravate A. paragallinarum-associated infections because certain commensal species (28.57%, 95% CI: 15.72-44.58%) induced hemolysis and promoted the growth of A. paragallinarum in vitro. Notably, A. paragallinarum showed high resistance to routine antibiotics such as erythromycin (84.21%, 95% CI: 68.75-93.98%), tetracycline (73.68%, 95% CI: 56.90-86.60%) and carried diverse mobile resistance gene clusters. Overall, we found commensal bacteria especially Gram-positive bacteria facilitate the survival of multidrug-resistant A. paragallinarum to exacerbate infections, suggesting that novel strategies may diminish A. paragallinarum-associated infections by modulating the population dynamics of commensal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhu
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunsheng Chen
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Zhu
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Novak A, Pennings JLA, van der Maas L, Meiring HD, Ludwig I, Verkoeijen S, Rutten V, Broere F, Sloots A. Transcriptome and proteome analysis of innate immune responses to inactivated Leptospira and bivalent Leptospira vaccines in canine 030-D cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13418. [PMID: 35927283 PMCID: PMC9352656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16457-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandatory potency testing of Leptospira vaccine batches relies partially on in vivo procedures, requiring large numbers of laboratory animals. Cell-based assays could replace in vivo tests for vaccine quality control if biomarkers indicative of Leptospira vaccine potency are identified. We investigated innate immune responsiveness induced by inactivated L. interrogans serogroups Canicola and Icterohaemorrhagiae, and two bivalent, non-adjuvanted canine Leptospira vaccines containing the same serogroups. First, the transcriptome and proteome analysis of a canine monocyte/macrophage 030-D cell line stimulated with Leptospira strains, and vaccine B revealed more than 900 DEGs and 23 DEPs in common to these three stimuli. Second, comparison of responses induced by vaccine B and vaccine D revealed a large overlap in DEGs and DEPs as well, suggesting potential to identify biomarkers indicative of Leptospira vaccine quality. Because not many common DEPs were identified, we selected seven molecules from the identified DEGs, associated with pathways related to innate immunity, of which CXCL-10, IL-1β, SAA, and complement C3 showed increased secretion upon stimulation with both Leptospira vaccines. These molecules could be interesting targets for development of biomarker-based assays for Leptospira vaccine quality control in the future. Additionally, this study contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms by which Leptospira vaccines induce innate immune responses in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Novak
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Intravacc, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen L A Pennings
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Irene Ludwig
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saertje Verkoeijen
- Research Centre Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Victor Rutten
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Femke Broere
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Internal Medicine of Companion Animals, Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Ijaz A, Veldhuizen EJA, Broere F, Rutten VPMG, Jansen CA. The Interplay between Salmonella and Intestinal Innate Immune Cells in Chickens. Pathogens 2021; 10:1512. [PMID: 34832668 PMCID: PMC8618210 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a common infection in poultry, which results in huge economic losses in the poultry industry. At the same time, Salmonella infections are a threat to public health, since contaminated poultry products can lead to zoonotic infections. Antibiotics as feed additives have proven to be an effective prophylactic option to control Salmonella infections, but due to resistance issues in humans and animals, the use of antimicrobials in food animals has been banned in Europe. Hence, there is an urgent need to look for alternative strategies that can protect poultry against Salmonella infections. One such alternative could be to strengthen the innate immune system in young chickens in order to prevent early life infections. This can be achieved by administration of immune modulating molecules that target innate immune cells, for example via feed, or by in-ovo applications. We aimed to review the innate immune system in the chicken intestine; the main site of Salmonella entrance, and its responsiveness to Salmonella infection. Identifying the most important players in the innate immune response in the intestine is a first step in designing targeted approaches for immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Ijaz
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.I.); (E.J.A.V.); (F.B.); (V.P.M.G.R.)
| | - Edwin J. A. Veldhuizen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.I.); (E.J.A.V.); (F.B.); (V.P.M.G.R.)
| | - Femke Broere
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.I.); (E.J.A.V.); (F.B.); (V.P.M.G.R.)
| | - Victor P. M. G. Rutten
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.I.); (E.J.A.V.); (F.B.); (V.P.M.G.R.)
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Christine A. Jansen
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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van den Biggelaar RHGA, Hoefnagel MHN, Vandebriel RJ, Sloots A, Hendriksen CFM, van Eden W, Rutten VPMG, Jansen CA. Overcoming scientific barriers in the transition from in vivo to non-animal batch testing of human and veterinary vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:1221-1233. [PMID: 34550041 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1977628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Before release, vaccine batches are assessed for quality to evaluate whether they meet the product specifications. Vaccine batch tests, in particular of inactivated and toxoid vaccines, still largely rely on in vivo methods. Improved vaccine production processes, ethical concerns, and suboptimal performance of some in vivo tests have led to the development of in vitro alternatives. AREAS COVERED This review describes the scientific constraints that need to be overcome for replacement of in vivo batch tests, as well as potential solutions. Topics include the critical quality attributes of vaccines that require testing, the use of cell-based assays to mimic aspects of in vivo vaccine-induced immune responses, how difficulties with testing adjuvanted vaccines in vitro can be overcome, the use of altered batches to validate new in vitro test methods, and how cooperation between different stakeholders is key to moving the transition forward. EXPERT OPINION For safety testing, many in vitro alternatives are already available or at an advanced level of development. For potency testing, in vitro alternatives largely comprise immunochemical methods that assess several, but not all critical vaccine properties. One-to-one replacement by in vitro alternatives is not always possible and a combination of methods may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin H G A van den Biggelaar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rob J Vandebriel
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Sloots
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Willem van Eden
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Victor P M G Rutten
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Christine A Jansen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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