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Kapil P, Wang Y, Zimmerman L, Gaykema M, Merkel TJ. Repeated Bordetella pertussis Infections Are Required to Reprogram Acellular Pertussis Vaccine-Primed Host Responses in the Baboon Model. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:376-383. [PMID: 37565807 PMCID: PMC10873172 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The United States has experienced a resurgence of pertussis following the introduction of acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines. This is likely due to the failure of aP vaccines to induce durable immunity and prevent infection, carriage, and transmission. METHODS To evaluate the impact of aP vaccination on the immune response to infection and test the ability of infection to reprogram aP-imprinted immune responses, we challenged unvaccinated and aP-vaccinated baboons with Bordetella pertussis multiple times and accessed the immune responses and outcomes of infections after each exposure. RESULTS Multiple infections were required to elicit T-helper 17 responses and protection in aP-vaccinated animals comparable to responses seen in unvaccinated animals after a single challenge. Even after 3 challenges, T-helper 1 responses were not observed in aP-vaccinated animals. Immunoglobulin G responses to vaccine and nonvaccine antigens were not negatively affected in aP-vaccinated animals. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that it is possible to retrain aP-primed immune responses, but it will likely require an optimal booster and multiple doses. Our results in the baboon model suggest that circulation of B. pertussis in aP-vaccinated populations is concentrated in the younger age bands of the population, providing information that can guide improved modeling of B. pertussis epidemiology in aP-vaccinated populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Kapil
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Yihui Wang
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Lindsey Zimmerman
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Mara Gaykema
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Tod J Merkel
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Blanc P, Liu Y, Reveneau N, Cavell B, Gorringe A, Renauld-Mongénie G. The role of bactericidal and opsonic activity in immunity against Bordetella pertussis. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1727-1738. [PMID: 36369768 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2137145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pertussis vaccines have drastically reduced the disease burden in humans since their implementation. Despite their success, pertussis remains an important global public health challenge. Bordetella pertussis resurgence could be a result of greater surveillance combined with improved diagnosis methods, changes in Bordetella pertussis biology, vaccine schedules, and/or coverage. Additionally, mechanisms of protection conferred by acellular pertussis (aP) and whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines differ qualitatively. There are no clear immune correlates of protection for pertussis vaccines. Pertussis antigens can induce toxin neutralizing antibodies, block adherence or engage complement mediated phagocytic/bactericidal killing. AREAS COVERED We reviewed the existing evidence on antibody-mediated serum bactericidal and opsonophagocytic activity and discussed the relevance of these functional antibodies in the development of next-generation pertussis vaccines. EXPERT OPINION Current paradigm proposes that wP vaccines may confer greater herd protection than aP vaccines due to their enhanced clearance of bacteria from the nasopharynx in animal models. Functional antibodies may contribute to the reduction of nasal colonization, which differentiates aP and wP vaccines. Understanding the intrinsic differences in protective immune responses elicited by each class of vaccines will help to identify biomarkers that can be used as immunological end points in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Blanc
- Research & Development, Sanofi, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Yuanqing Liu
- Research & Development, Sanofi, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | | | - Breeze Cavell
- Department of Research and Evaluation, United Kingdom (UK) Health Security Agency, Salisbury, UK
| | - Andrew Gorringe
- Department of Research and Evaluation, United Kingdom (UK) Health Security Agency, Salisbury, UK
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Valeri V, Sochon A, Cousu C, Chappert P, Lecoeuche D, Blanc P, Weill JC, Reynaud CA. The whole-cell pertussis vaccine imposes a broad effector B cell response in mouse heterologous prime-boost settings. JCI Insight 2022; 7:157034. [PMID: 36136586 PMCID: PMC9675447 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ÍSince the introduction of new generation pertussis vaccines, resurgence of pertussis has been observed in many developed countries. Former whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines are able to protect against disease and transmission but have been replaced in several industrialized countries because of their reactogenicity and adverse effects. Current acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines, made of purified proteins of Bordetella pertussis, are efficient at preventing disease but fail to induce long-term protection from infection. While the systemic and mucosal T cell immunity induced by the 2 types of vaccines has been well described, much less is known concerning B cell responses. Taking advantage of an inducible activation-induced cytidine deaminase fate-mapping mouse model, we compared effector and memory B cells induced by the 2 classes of vaccines and showed that a stronger and broader memory B cell and plasma cell response was achieved by a wP prime. We also observed that homologous or heterologous vaccine combinations that include at least 1 wP administration, even as a booster dose, were sufficient to induce this broad effector response, thus highlighting its dominant imprint on the B cell profile. Finally, we describe the settlement of memory B cell populations in the lung following subcutaneous wP prime vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Valeri
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Akhésa Sochon
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Clara Cousu
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Chappert
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Damiana Lecoeuche
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Claude Weill
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Claude-Agnès Reynaud
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Naninck T, Contreras V, Coutte L, Langlois S, Hébert-Ribon A, Pelletier M, Reveneau N, Locht C, Chapon C, Le Grand R. Intranasal inoculation with Bordetella pertussis confers protection without inducing classical whooping cough in baboons. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2021; 2:100072. [PMID: 34841362 PMCID: PMC8610340 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this manuscript, we describe the impact of Bordetella pertussis exposure route on whooping cough pathogenesis in baboons. We demonstrate in this paper that intranasal exposure of animals with a clinical isolate (or its fluorescent derivative) of B. pertussis induced classical nasopharyngeal and tracheal colonization but without inducing pertussis symptoms (cough and leukocytosis) compared to animals exposed to the classical combined intranasal and intra-tracheal routes with the same bacterial strains. Moreover, this intranasal exposure induces good B. pertussis specific seroconversion and provides protection from further infection.
Background The resurgence of whooping cough in many countries highlights the crucial need for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of respiratory infection by Bordetella pertussis. Exposure of baboons to B. pertussis by the intranasal and intra-tracheal routes is a recently described preclinical model that reproduces both B. pertussis infection of humans and whooping cough disease. Here, we tested both intranasal and intranasal+intra-tracheal exposure routes and assessed their impact on disease development and immunity. Methods Young baboons were intranasally exposed to the B1917 clinical isolate, representative of circulating strains in Europe, or its green-fluorescent protein expressing derivative. Animals were followed for pertussis symptoms and bacterial colonization and by in vivo probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) imaging. Sero-conversion and protection against subsequent infection were then evaluated. Results Seroconversion and bacterial colonization of both the nasopharynx and trachea was observed in baboons exposed to B. pertussis by the intranasal route only, and also in those animals challenged by both the intranasal and intra-tracheal routes together. However, baboons exposed solely by the intranasal route developed only mild clinical symptoms, with no paroxysmal cough. These animals were protected against re-infection by B. pertussis. Conclusions Intranasal exposure of baboons to B. pertussis does not induce disease but elicits immune mechanisms that protect them from subsequent exposure to the bacteria. These findings suggest that the intranasal route of inoculation in this non-human primate model could be used in the pre-clinical evaluation of nasal candidate vaccines against pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Naninck
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Vanessa Contreras
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Loïc Coutte
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Langlois
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | | | | | - Camille Locht
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Catherine Chapon
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Vaure C, Grégoire-Barou V, Courtois V, Chautard E, Dégletagne C, Liu Y. Göttingen Minipigs as a Model to Evaluate Longevity, Functionality, and Memory of Immune Response Induced by Pertussis Vaccines. Front Immunol 2021; 12:613810. [PMID: 33815369 PMCID: PMC8009978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.613810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of the short-term and long-term immunological responses in a preclinical model that simulates the targeted age population with a relevant vaccination schedule is essential for human vaccine development. A Göttingen minipig model was assessed, using pertussis vaccines, to demonstrate that vaccine antigen-specific humoral and cellular responses, including IgG titers, functional antibodies, Th polarization and memory B cells can be assessed in a longitudinal study. A vaccination schedule of priming with a whole cell (DTwP) or an acellular (DTaP) pertussis vaccine was applied in neonatal and infant minipigs followed by boosting with a Tdap acellular vaccine. Single cell RNAsequencing was used to explore the long-term maintenance of immune memory cells and their functionality for the first time in this animal model. DTaP but not DTwP vaccination induced pertussis toxin (PT) neutralizing antibodies. The cellular immune response was also characterized by a distinct Th polarization, with a Th-2-biased response for DTaP and a Th-1/Th-17-biased response for DTwP. No difference in the maintenance of pertussis-specific memory B cells was observed in DTaP- or DTwP-primed animals 6 months post Tdap boost. However, an increase in pertussis-specific T cells was still observed in DTaP primed minipigs, together with up-regulation of genes involved in antigen presentation and interferon pathways. Overall, the minipig model reproduced the humoral and cellular immune responses induced in humans by DTwP vs. DTaP priming, followed by Tdap boosting. Our data suggest that the Göttingen minipig is an attractive preclinical model to predict the long-term immunogenicity of human vaccines against Bordetella pertussis and potentially also vaccines against other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Vaure
- Research and External Innovation, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | | | - Virginie Courtois
- Research and External Innovation, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Emilie Chautard
- Research and External Innovation, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Cyril Dégletagne
- Research and External Innovation, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Yuanqing Liu
- Research and External Innovation, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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