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Liang X, Cui R, Li X, Ning H, Kang J, Lu Y, Zhou S, Huang X, Peng Y, Zhang J, Li S, Ma Y, Bai Y. Ag85B with c-di-AMP as mucosal adjuvant showed immunotherapeutic effects on persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13409. [PMID: 38958367 PMCID: PMC11221865 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains the leading cause of mortality by a single infectious agent in the world. M. tuberculosis infection could also result in clinical chronic infection, known as latent TB infection (LTBI). Compared to the current limited treatment, several subunit vaccines showed immunotherapeutic effects and were included in clinical trials. In this study, a subunit vaccine of Ag85B with a novel mucosal adjuvant c-di-AMP (Ag85B:c-di-AMP) was delivered intranasally to a persistent M. tuberculosis H37Ra infection mouse model, which also presented the asymptomatic characteristics of LTBI. Compared with Ag85B immunization, Ag85B:c-di-AMP vaccination induced stronger humoral immune responses, significantly higher CD4+ T cells recruitment, enhanced Th1/Th2/Th17 profile response in the lung, decreased pathological lesions of the lung, and reduced M. tuberculosis load in mice. Taken together, Ag85B:c-di-AMP mucosal route immunization provided an immunotherapeutic effect on persistent M. tuberculosis H37Ra infection, and c-di-AMP, as a promising potential mucosal adjuvant, could be further used in therapeutic or prophylactic vaccine strategies for persistent M. tuberculosis infection as well as LTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruonan Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huanhuan Ning
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Military Medical Innovation Center, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanzhi Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinying Huang
- Student Brigade, Basic Medical School, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujun Peng
- Student Brigade, Basic Medical School, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- Student Brigade, Basic Medical School, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiyun Li
- Student Brigade, Basic Medical School, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanling Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yinlan Bai
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Zhou F, Zhang D. Recent advance in the development of tuberculosis vaccines in clinical trials and virus-like particle-based vaccine candidates. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238649. [PMID: 38022657 PMCID: PMC10652786 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious public health threat around the world. An effective vaccine is urgently required for cost-effective, long-term control of TB. However, the only licensed vaccine Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is limited to prevent TB for its highly variable efficacy. Substantial progress has been made in research and development (R&D) of TB vaccines in the past decades, and a dozen vaccine candidates, including live attenuated mycobacterial vaccines, killed mycobacterial vaccines, adjuvanted subunit vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines were developed in clinical trials to date. Nevertheless, many challenges to the successful authorization for the use and deployment of an effective tuberculosis vaccine remain. Therefore, it is still necessary and urgent to continue exploring new vaccine construction approaches. Virus-like particles (VLPs) present excellent prospects in the field of vaccine development because of their helpful immunological features such as being safe templates without containing viral nucleic acid, repetitive surface geometry, conformational epitopes similar to natural viruses, and enhancing both innate and adaptive immune responses. The marketization process of VLP vaccines has never stopped despite VLP vaccines face several shortcomings such as their complex and slow development process and high production cost, and several VLP-based vaccines, including vaccines against Human papillomavirus (HPV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and malaria, are successfully licensed for use at the market. In this review, we provide an update on the current progress regarding the development of TB vaccines in clinical trials and seek to give an overview of VLP-based TB vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbin Zhou
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Kim H, Choi HG, Shin SJ. Bridging the gaps to overcome major hurdles in the development of next-generation tuberculosis vaccines. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1193058. [PMID: 37638056 PMCID: PMC10451085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1193058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading causes of death from an infectious disease worldwide, the development of vaccines more effective than bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only licensed TB vaccine, has progressed slowly even in the context of the tremendous global impact of TB. Most vaccine candidates have been developed to strongly induce interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-producing T-helper type 1 (Th1) cell responses; however, accumulating evidence has suggested that other immune factors are required for optimal protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. In this review, we briefly describe the five hurdles that must be overcome to develop more effective TB vaccines, including those with various purposes and tested in recent promising clinical trials. In addition, we discuss the current knowledge gaps between preclinical experiments and clinical studies regarding peripheral versus tissue-specific immune responses, different underlying conditions of individuals, and newly emerging immune correlates of protection. Moreover, we propose how recently discovered TB risk or susceptibility factors can be better utilized as novel biomarkers for the evaluation of vaccine-induced protection to suggest more practical ways to develop advanced TB vaccines. Vaccines are the most effective tools for reducing mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases, and more advanced technologies and a greater understanding of host-pathogen interactions will provide feasibility and rationale for novel vaccine design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gyu Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mao LR, Du JP, Wang XC, Xu LF, Zhang YP, Sun QS, Shi ZL, Xing YR, Su YX, Wang SJ, Wang J, Ma JL, Zhang JY. Long-Term Immunogenicity and In Vitro Prophylactic Protective Efficacy of M. tuberculosis Fusion Protein DR2 Combined with Liposomal Adjuvant DIMQ as a Boosting Vaccine for BCG. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:593-608. [PMID: 36808986 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The resuscitation of dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an important cause of adult tuberculosis (TB) transmission. According to the interaction mechanism between M. tuberculosis and the host, the latency antigen Rv0572c and region of difference 9 (RD9) antigen Rv3621c were selected in this study to prepare the fusion protein DR2. Stimulating clinically diagnosed active tuberculosis infections (i.e., TB patients), latent tuberculosis infections, and healthy controls confirmed that T lymphocytes could recognize DR2 protein in the peripheral blood of TB-infected individuals more than subcomponent protein. The DR2 protein was then emulsified in the liposome adjuvant dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide, and imiquimod (DIMQ) was administered to C57BL/6 mice immunized with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine to evaluate their immunogenicity. Studies have shown that DR2/DIMQ, a booster vaccine for BCG primary immunization, can elicit robust CD4+ Th1 cell immune response and predominant IFN-γ+ CD4+ effector memory T cells (TEM) subsets. Furthermore, the serum antibody level and the expression of related cytokines increased significantly with the extension of immunization time, with IL2+, CD4+, or CD8+ central memory T cells (TCM) subsets predominant in the long term. This immunization strategy showed matched prophylactic protective efficacy by performing in vitro challenge experiment. This result provides robust evidence that the novel subunit vaccine prepared by fusion protein DR2 combined with liposomal adjuvant DIMQ is a promising TB vaccine candidate for further preclinical trials as a booster vaccine for BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rong Mao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Jian-Peng Du
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Li-Fa Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Yan-Peng Zhang
- Department of Cosmetology, School of Medicine, Huainan Union University, Huainan 232038, China
| | - Qi-Shan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huainan Chaoyang Hospital, Huainan 232007, China
| | - Zi-Lun Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232035, China
| | - Ying-Ru Xing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Zhongke Gengjiu Hospital, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Yi-Xin Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232035, China
| | - Sheng-Jian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huainan Chaoyang Hospital, Huainan 232007, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Ji-Lei Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Jing-Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
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Stosman KI, Aleksandrov AG, Sivak KV, Buzitskaya ZV, Stukova MA. Evaluation of the immunotoxicity and allergenicity of a new intranasal influenza vector vaccine against tuberculosis carrying TB10.4 and HspX antigens. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:558-563. [PMID: 37051099 PMCID: PMC10083829 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.68440.14936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Objectives A new vaccine candidate TB/FLU-05E has been developed at the Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza (Russia). The vaccine is based on the attenuated influenza strain A/PR8/NS124-TB10.4-2A-HspX that expresses mycobacterial antigens TB10.4 and HspX. This article describes the results of preclinical immunotoxicity and allergenicity studies of the new vector vaccine TB/FLU-05E against tuberculosis. Materials and Methods The experiments were conducted on male CBA mice, С57/black/6 mice, and guinea pigs. The vaccine candidate was administered intranasally (7.7 lg TCID50/animal and 8.0 lg TCID50/animal) twice at a 21-day interval. The immunotoxic properties of the vaccine were assessed in mice according to the following parameters: spleen and thymus weight and their organ-to-body weight ratio, splenic and thymic cellularity, hemagglutination titer assay, delayed-type hypersensitivity test, and phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages. Histological examination of the thymus and spleen and white blood cell counts were also performed. Allergenicity of the vaccine was assessed in guinea pigs using conjunctival and general anaphylaxis reaction tests. Results The results showed that double immunization with the TB/FLU-05E vaccine did not affect the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages, cellular and humoral immunity after immunization with a heterologous antigen (sheep red blood cells), or the organ-to-body weight ratio of immunocompetent organs (thymus and spleen). The vaccine candidate demonstrated no allergenic properties. Conclusion According to the results of this study, the TB/FLU-05E vaccine is well-tolerated by the immune system and demonstrates no immunotoxicity or allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira I. Stosman
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376, Ulitsa Professora Popova 15/17, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey G. Aleksandrov
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376, Ulitsa Professora Popova 15/17, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Corresponding author: Andrey G. Aleksandrov. Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Konstantin V. Sivak
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376, Ulitsa Professora Popova 15/17, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Zhanna V. Buzitskaya
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376, Ulitsa Professora Popova 15/17, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Marina A. Stukova
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376, Ulitsa Professora Popova 15/17, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Perspective Technologies of Vaccination: Do We Still Need Old Vaccines? Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060891. [PMID: 35746498 PMCID: PMC9230923 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
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Liang Z, Li H, Qu M, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Dong Y, Chen Y, Ge X, Zhou X. Intranasal bovine β-defensin-5 enhances antituberculosis immunity in a mouse model by a novel protein-based respiratory mucosal vaccine. Virulence 2022; 13:949-962. [PMID: 35603910 PMCID: PMC9154763 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2080342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory mucosal immunization is an effective immunization strategy against tuberculosis (TB), and effective mucosal vaccines require adjuvants that can promote protective immunity without deleterious inflammation. Mucosal BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) is effective, but it causes a severe inflammatory response in the lung. A novel less cytotoxic mucosal vaccine AH-PB containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) cell surface antigens Ag85A and HspX (AH), as well as polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly IC) and bovine neutrophil β-defensin-5 (B5) adjuvants were prepared, with the overarching goal of protecting against TB. Then, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of these vaccines via the intranasal route were evaluated in a mouse model. Results showed that intranasal AH-PB promoted tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) development in the lung, induced antigen-specific antibody response in airway, provided protection against Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), conferred better protection than parenteral BCG in the later stage of infection, and boosted the protective immunity generated by BCG in mice. Moreover, both B5 and Poly IC were indispensable for the protection generated by AH-PB. Furthermore, intranasal immunization with AH-B5 fusion vaccines also provided similar protection against M. bovis compared to AH-PB. Collectively, B5-based TB vaccine via the intranasal route is a promising immunization strategy against bovine TB, and this kind of immunization strategy may be applied to human TB vaccine development. These findings highlight the potential importance of B5 as a mucosal adjuvant used in TB vaccines or other respiratory disease vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmin Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjin Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiduo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanzhi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Vasilyev K, Shurygina AP, Zabolotnykh N, Sergeeva M, Romanovskaya-Romanko E, Pulkina A, Buzitskaya J, Dogonadze MZ, Vinogradova TI, Stukova MA. Enhancement of the Local CD8 + T-Cellular Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in BCG-Primed Mice after Intranasal Administration of Influenza Vector Vaccine Carrying TB10.4 and HspX Antigens. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111273. [PMID: 34835204 PMCID: PMC8626046 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BCG is the only licensed vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection. Due to its intramuscular administration route, BCG is unable to induce a local protective immune response in the respiratory system. Moreover, BCG has a diminished ability to induce long-lived memory T-cells which are indispensable for antituberculosis protection. Recently we described the protective efficacy of new mucosal TB vaccine candidate based on recombinant attenuated influenza vector (Flu/THSP) co-expressing TB10.4 and HspX proteins of M.tb within an NS1 influenza protein open reading frame. In the present work, the innate and adaptive immune response to immunization with the Flu/THSP and the immunological properties of vaccine candidate in the BCG-prime → Flu/THSP vector boost vaccination scheme are studied in mice. It was shown that the mucosal administration of Flu/THSP induces the incoming of interstitial macrophages in the lung tissue and stimulates the expression of co-stimulatory CD86 and CD83 molecules on antigen-presenting cells. The T-cellular immune response to Flu/THSP vector was mediated predominantly by the IFNγ-producing CD8+ lymphocytes. BCG-prime → Flu/THSP vector boost immunization scheme was shown to protect mice from severe lung injury caused by M.tb infection due to the enhanced T-cellular immune response, mediated by antigen-specific effector and central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Vasilyev
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.-P.S.); (M.S.); (E.R.-R.); (A.P.); (J.B.); (M.A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna-Polina Shurygina
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.-P.S.); (M.S.); (E.R.-R.); (A.P.); (J.B.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Natalia Zabolotnykh
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 191036 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.Z.); (M.Z.D.); (T.I.V.)
| | - Mariia Sergeeva
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.-P.S.); (M.S.); (E.R.-R.); (A.P.); (J.B.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Ekaterina Romanovskaya-Romanko
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.-P.S.); (M.S.); (E.R.-R.); (A.P.); (J.B.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Anastasia Pulkina
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.-P.S.); (M.S.); (E.R.-R.); (A.P.); (J.B.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Janna Buzitskaya
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.-P.S.); (M.S.); (E.R.-R.); (A.P.); (J.B.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Marine Z. Dogonadze
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 191036 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.Z.); (M.Z.D.); (T.I.V.)
| | - Tatiana I. Vinogradova
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 191036 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.Z.); (M.Z.D.); (T.I.V.)
| | - Marina A. Stukova
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.-P.S.); (M.S.); (E.R.-R.); (A.P.); (J.B.); (M.A.S.)
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