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Camargo L, Franklin YV, da Silva GFR, Santos JF, Parreño VG, Wigdorovitz A, Gomes V. Serological Responses of Guinea Pigs and Heifers to Eight Different BoAHV-1 Vaccine Formulations. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:615. [PMID: 38932344 PMCID: PMC11209089 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV-1) infection affects the production and reproductive performance of dairy and beef livestock, resulting in considerable economic losses. In addition to biosecurity measures, vaccination programs are effective strategies for controlling and preventing BoAHV-1 infection and transmission. We evaluated the serological immune response against BoAHV-1 induced by eight different formulations of commercial vaccines: three modified live vaccines and five killed vaccines containing BoAHV type 1 or types 1 and 5. In the first experiment, 50 BoAHV-1-seronegative guinea pigs were assigned to eight groups; each individual in the treatment groups received two doses (one-fifth of the bovine dose). The second experiment was conducted using 29 crossbred Holstein × Gir heifers in four groups of six to nine animals each. The serological immune response against BoAHV-1 was measured using virus neutralization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to measure the total IgG against BoAHV. We evaluated the effects of the vaccine, time, and interaction of the vaccine and time on neutralizing antibodies against BoAHV-1. Killed vaccines produced low levels of antibodies against BoAHV-1, whereas modified live vaccines produced high levels of antibodies capable of providing neutralizing titers in the vaccinated animals, with the thermosensitive modified live vaccine showing the highest levels of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Camargo
- Department of Medical Clinic, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508270, SP, Brazil; (L.C.); (Y.V.F.); (J.F.S.)
| | - Yasmin Vieira Franklin
- Department of Medical Clinic, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508270, SP, Brazil; (L.C.); (Y.V.F.); (J.F.S.)
| | | | - Janaína Ferreira Santos
- Department of Medical Clinic, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508270, SP, Brazil; (L.C.); (Y.V.F.); (J.F.S.)
| | - Viviana Gladys Parreño
- Institute of Virology, ICCVyA-INTA, Cdad. Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1033, Argentina; (V.G.P.); (A.W.)
| | - Andrés Wigdorovitz
- Institute of Virology, ICCVyA-INTA, Cdad. Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1033, Argentina; (V.G.P.); (A.W.)
| | - Viviani Gomes
- Department of Medical Clinic, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508270, SP, Brazil; (L.C.); (Y.V.F.); (J.F.S.)
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Brasil CL, Gonçalves VS, Santos FDS, Rodrigues PRC, Leite FPL, Pereira DIB. Immunomodulatory effect of Lacticaseibacillus casei CB054 supplementation in calves vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 269:110726. [PMID: 38341929 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that, confer health benefits to the host when supplemented in adequate amounts. They can promote immunomodulation by inducing phagocyte activity, leukocyte proliferation, antibody production, and cytokine expression. Lactic acid bacteria (BAL) are important probiotic specimens with properties that can improves ruminant nutrition, productivity and immunity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of the supplementation with Lacticaseibacillus casei CB054 in calve vaccinated against bovine infectious rhinotracheitis (IBR). Calve were vaccinated with a commercial IBR vaccine, on day 0 and received a booster dose on day 21. L. casei CB054 was orally administered (4 ×109 UFC) for 35 days, while a non-supplemented control group received Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS). Stimulation of bovine splenocytes with L. casei CB054 markedly enhanced mRNA transcription levels of cytokines IL2, IL4, IL10 and IL17 genes. Calves supplemented with L. casei CB054 showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) specific anti-BoHV-1 IgG levels, higher serum neutralization, as well as higher mRNA transcription for IL2, IL4, IL10 and IL17 genes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) comparing with control calves. Supplemented calve had an average weight gain of ∼14 kg more than non-supplemented during the experimental period. These results suggest that L. casei CB054 supplementation increase immunogenicity of a commercial IBR vaccine in cattle and improve weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Litchina Brasil
- Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Vitória Sequeira Gonçalves
- Biotecnologia - Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico - Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Denis Souza Santos
- Biotecnologia - Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico - Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Ricardo Centeno Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite
- Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Biotecnologia - Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico - Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Isabel Brayer Pereira
- Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Petrini S, Righi C, Costantino G, Scoccia E, Gobbi P, Pellegrini C, Pela M, Giammarioli M, Viola G, Sabato R, Tinelli E, Feliziani F. Assessment of BoAHV-1 Seronegative Latent Carrier by the Administration of Two Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Live Marker Vaccines in Calves. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:161. [PMID: 38400144 PMCID: PMC10891659 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Seronegative latent carriers (SNLCs) are animals that carry the virus without detectable antibodies and pose a risk for disease transmission and diagnostic challenges, suggesting the importance of consideration of marker vaccines in managing them. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated two modified live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) marker vaccines (single and double deletions) for their ability to generate SNLC calves. These vaccines were administered to four groups (n = 3 in each group) of three-month-old calves in the presence or absence of passive immunity. Three hundred days after the first vaccination and after confirming the IBR seronegativity of all animals, dexamethasone was administered intravenously for five consecutive days. Only animals immunized with the modified live IBR marker vaccine (single deletion) in the absence of passive immunity exhibited a more enduring immune response than those vaccinated in the presence of passive immunity. Moreover, the administration of a modified live IBR marker vaccine (double deletion) to calves with passive immunity generated SNLC. These findings underscore the potential of live IBR marker vaccine (double-deletions) to aid serological diagnostic tools and develop vaccination protocols in achieving the desired immune response, particularly in the context of latent carrier status, offering valuable insights into optimizing vaccination strategies for effective IBR control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Petrini
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (P.G.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Cecilia Righi
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (P.G.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Giulia Costantino
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (P.G.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Eleonora Scoccia
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (P.G.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Paola Gobbi
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (P.G.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Claudia Pellegrini
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (P.G.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Michela Pela
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (P.G.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Monica Giammarioli
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (P.G.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Giulio Viola
- Viola Giulio dairy cattle farm, 62026 Macerata, Italy;
| | - Roberto Sabato
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (P.G.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Elena Tinelli
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (P.G.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesco Feliziani
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (P.G.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
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Wang R, Huang P, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Liu M, Jin K, Lu J, Li Y, Wang H, Zhang H. A Rapid Nucleic Acid Visualization Assay for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus That Targets the TK Gene. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0185923. [PMID: 37382549 PMCID: PMC10433874 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01859-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) can cause various degrees of symptoms in the respiratory system, reproductive system, and whole body of cattle. It also can lead to persistent and latent infection in cattle, posing a challenge to timely control of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in farms and causing large financial losses in the global cattle industry. Therefore, the goal of this study was to establish a rapid, simple, and accurate method that can detect IBRV in order to facilitate the control and eradication of IBR in cattle. We combined recombinant polymerase amplification (RPA) with a closed vertical flow visualization strip (VF) and established an RPA-VF assay that targets the thymidine kinase (TK) gene to rapidly detect IBRV. This method (reaction at 42°C for 25 min) was able to detect a minimum of 3.8 × 101 copies/μL of positive plasmid and 1.09 × 101 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) of the IBRV. This assay has high specificity for IBRV and does not cross-react with other respiratory pathogens in cattle. The concordance between the RPA-VF assay and the gold standard was 100%. In addition, this assay was also suitable for the detection of DNA from clinical samples extracted by a simple method (heating at 95°C for 5 min), which can achieve the rapid detection of clinical samples in the field. Overall, the present sensitivity, specificity, and clinical applicability assessments indicated that the RPA-VF assay we developed can be utilized as a quick and accurate on-site test for IBRV detection in farms. IMPORTANCE IBRV causes different degrees of clinical symptoms in cattle and poses a great threat to the cattle industry. The infection is persistent and latent, and the elimination of IBRV in infected herds is difficult. A rapid, simple, and accurate method to detect IBRV is therefore vital to control and eradicate IBR. Combining RPA with an VF, we established an RPA-VF assay for the rapid detection of IBRV, which can complete the test of clinical samples in 35 min. The assay shows good sensitivity, specificity, and clinical applicability and can be used as an on-site test for IBRV in farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zanheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kaikai Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaying Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hualei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Araujo IL, Piraine REA, Fischer G, Leite FPL. Recombinant BoHV-5 glycoprotein (rgD5) elicits long-lasting protective immunity in cattle. Virology 2023; 584:44-52. [PMID: 37244054 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BoHV-5 is a worldwide distributed pathogen usually associated with a lethal neurological disease in dairy and beef cattle resulting in important economic losses due to the cattle industry. Using recombinant gD5, we evaluated the long-duration humoral immunity of the recombinant vaccines in a cattle model. Here we report that two doses of intramuscular immunization, particularly with the rgD5ISA vaccine, induce long-lasting antibody responses. Recombinant gD5 antigen elicited tightly mRNA transcription of the Bcl6 and the chemokine receptor CXCR5 which mediate memory B cells and long-lived plasma cells in germinal centers. In addition, using an in-house indirect ELISA we observed higher and earlier responses of rgD5-specific IgG antibody and the upregulation of mRNA transcription of IL2, IL4, IL10, IL15, and IFN-γ in rgD5 vaccinated cattle, indicating a mixed immune response. We further show that rgD5 immunization protects against both BoHV -1 and -5. Our findings indicate that the rgD5-based vaccine represents an effective vaccine strategy to induce an efficient control of herpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itauá L Araujo
- Biotechnology Unit, Technological Development Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Renan E A Piraine
- Biotechnology Unit, Technological Development Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Geferson Fischer
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Federal University of Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fábio P L Leite
- Biotechnology Unit, Technological Development Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Federal University of Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Martucciello A, Balestrieri A, Righi C, Cappelli G, Scoccia E, Grassi C, Brandi S, Rossi E, Galiero G, Gioia D, Fusco G, Feliziani F, De Carlo E, Petrini S. Evaluation of an Immunization Protocol Using Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 1 gE-Deleted Marker Vaccines against Bubaline Alphaherpesvirus 1 in Water Buffaloes. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050891. [PMID: 37242994 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
European regulations on the control of infectious diseases provide measures to control Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) infection in both cattle and buffalo. Owing to the reported serological cross-reactivity between BoHV-1 and Bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 (BuHV-1), we hypothesized a new immunization protocol using BoHV-1 gE-deleted marker vaccines could protect water buffalo against BuHV-1. Five water buffaloes devoid of BoHV-1/BuHV-1-neutralizing antibodies were immunized with two commercial BoHV-1 gE-deleted marker vaccines at 0, 30, 210, and 240 post-vaccination days (PVDs). Five additional water buffaloes were used as controls. At 270 PVD (0 post-challenge days (PCDs), all animals were challenged intranasally with wild-type (wt) BuHV-1. The vaccinated animals produced humoral immunity (HI) as early as PVD 30 whereas, in control animals, antibodies were detected on PCD 10. After challenge infection, HI significantly increased in vaccinated animals compared to that in controls. Real-time PCR for gB revealed viral shedding in vaccinated animals from PCDs 2 to 10. In contrast, positive results were observed from PCDs 2 to 15 in the unvaccinated control group. Although the findings indicated the possible protection capabilities of the tested protocol, these findings did not support its protective roles in water buffaloes against wt-BuHV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Martucciello
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84131 Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Anna Balestrieri
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84131 Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Cecilia Righi
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cappelli
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84131 Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Eleonora Scoccia
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Carlo Grassi
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84131 Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Sergio Brandi
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84131 Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rossi
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Giorgio Galiero
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84131 Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Damiano Gioia
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84014 Nocera Inferiore, SA, Italy
| | - Giovanna Fusco
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84131 Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Francesco Feliziani
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Esterina De Carlo
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84131 Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Stefano Petrini
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy
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Smith BI, Cady SV, Aceto HW. Effect of formic acid treatment on colostrum quality, and on absorption and function of immunoglobulins: a randomized controlled trial in Holstein dairy calves. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:318. [PMID: 35978339 PMCID: PMC9387083 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03418-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Good quality colostrum is characterized by high immunoglobulin concentration and low pathogen load. Some methods of pathogen reduction can decrease immunoglobulin concentration and potentially affect their function. Objectives were to determine the effect of formic acid treatment on colostral bacterial and immunoglobulin (IgG) levels before feeding, and serum immunoglobulin concentration and neutralizing capabilities after feeding. Fifteen female Holstein calf pairs born < 12 h apart from different dams were randomly assigned to receive four liters of either untreated pooled (both dams) colostrum (MC) or colostrum acidified to pH 4.0–4.5 (AC). Colostrum characteristics estimated; pH, bacterial load, IgG concentration, and neutralization of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBRV/BoHV-1), Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV) Types 1 and 2. Blood samples were collected on days 1, 3 and monthly for 6 months and were analyzed for IgG, and both viral plus leptospiral neutralization, and total protein (day 3 only). Results Compared to MC (mean 6.7, SD 0.4; median 6.8, range 6.0–7.3), AC pH was significantly reduced (mean 4.3, SD 0.2; median 4.3, range 4.0–4.5; P < 0.001). Total coliform count (cfu/mL) was also reduced (MC mean 149, SD 444; median 1, range 0–1,700; AC mean 8, SD 31; median 0, range 0–120; P = 0.02). Colostrum IgG concentration was not significantly different between MC (mean 93.3, SD 39.7; median 92.8, range 36.7–164.4 g/L) and AC (mean 101.9, SD 36.7; median 108.3, range 33.8–164.4 g/L; P = 0.54). In calves, serum IgG peaked on day 3 (MC mean 26.1, SD 34.9; median 169.2, range 8.3–151.0 g/L; AC mean 30.2, SD 48.7; median 188.8, range 3.1–204.4 g/L; P = 0.77), and apparent efficiency of IgG absorption was not different between groups (MC mean 24.3, SD 11.4, median 25.3, range 8.6–51.3%; AC mean 22.6, SD 21.7, median 21.6, range 4.1–58.9%; P = 0.65). Thereafter, IgG levels declined but did not differ between groups. MC and AC serum neutralizing titers for IBRV, BVDV Types 1 and 2, or Leptospira interrogans serovars Canicola, and Pomona and L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo were not different. Conclusions Colostrum acidification significantly decreased bacterial load fed to newborn calves without affecting colostral IgG concentration or virus neutralization. In addition, acid treatment did not affect serum IgG concentration in calves or its activity against common pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy I Smith
- Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, 19348, PA, USA.
| | - Sarah V Cady
- Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, 19348, PA, USA
| | - Helen W Aceto
- Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, 19348, PA, USA
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Yu Z, Zhao Z, Chen L, Yan H, Cui Q, Ju X, Yong Y, Liu X, Ma X, Zhang G. Development of a droplet digital PCR assay to detect bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 in bovine semen. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:125. [PMID: 35366879 PMCID: PMC8976375 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) caused by bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is one of the most important contagious diseases in bovine. This is one of the most common infectious disease of cattle. This has led to high economic losses in the cattle farming industry. BoHV-1 can potentially be transmitted via semen during natural or artificial insemination (AI). Therefore, testing methods for the early diagnosis of BoHV-1 infection are urgently needed for international trade of ruminant semen. In this study, we developed a novel droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay for the detection of BoHV-1 DNA in semen samples.
Results
The ddPCR results showed that the detection limit was 4.45 copies per reaction with high reproducibility. The established method was highly specific for BoHV-1 and did not show cross-reactivity with specify the organisms (BTV, BVDV, Brucella, M . bovis). The results of clinical sample testing showed that the positivity rate of ddPCR (87.8%) was higher than that of qPCR (84.1%).
Conclusions
The ddPCR assay showed good accuracy for mixed samples and could be a new added diagnostic tool for detecting BoHV-1.
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