1
|
Król G, Fortunka K, Majchrzak M, Piktel E, Paprocka P, Mańkowska A, Lesiak A, Karasiński M, Strzelecka A, Durnaś B, Bucki R. Metallic Nanoparticles and Core-Shell Nanosystems in the Treatment, Diagnosis, and Prevention of Parasitic Diseases. Pathogens 2023; 12:838. [PMID: 37375528 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The usage of nanotechnology in the fight against parasitic diseases is in the early stages of development, but it brings hopes that this new field will provide a solution to target the early stages of parasitosis, compensate for the lack of vaccines for most parasitic diseases, and also provide new treatment options for diseases in which parasites show increased resistance to current drugs. The huge physicochemical diversity of nanomaterials developed so far, mainly for antibacterial and anti-cancer therapies, requires additional studies to determine their antiparasitic potential. When designing metallic nanoparticles (MeNPs) and specific nanosystems, such as complexes of MeNPs, with the shell of attached drugs, several physicochemical properties need to be considered. The most important are: size, shape, surface charge, type of surfactants that control their dispersion, and shell molecules that should assure specific molecular interaction with targeted molecules of parasites' cells. Therefore, it can be expected that the development of antiparasitic drugs using strategies provided by nanotechnology and the use of nanomaterials for diagnostic purposes will soon provide new and effective methods of antiparasitic therapy and effective diagnostic tools that will improve the prevention and reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Król
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Kamila Fortunka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Michał Majchrzak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Ewelina Piktel
- Independent Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2B, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Paulina Paprocka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Angelika Mańkowska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Agata Lesiak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Maciej Karasiński
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Strzelecka
- Department of Public Health , Institute of Health Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Bonita Durnaś
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pooe K, Thulo M, Makumbe H, Akumadu B, Otun O, Aloke C, Achilonu I. Biophysical description of Bromosulfophthalein interaction with the 28-kDa glutathione transferase from Schistosoma japonicum. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2022; 252:111524. [PMID: 36195242 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2022.111524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are major detoxification enzymes vital for the survival and reproduction of schistosomes during infection in humans. Schistosoma encode two GST isoenzymes, the 26- and 28-kDa isoforms, that show different substrate specificities and cellular localisations. Bromosulfophthalein (BSP) has been identified and characterised as a potent 26-kDa Schistosoma japonicum GST (Sj26GST) inhibitor with an anthelmintic potential. This study describes the structure, function, and ligandin properties of the 28-kDa Schistosoma japonicum GST (Sj28GST) towards BSP. Enzyme kinetics show that BSP is a potent enzyme inhibitor, with a specific activity decreases from 60.4 µmol/min/mg to 0.0742 µmol/min/mg and an IC50 in the micromolar range of 0.74 µM. Far-UV circular dichroism confirmed that purified Sj28GST follows a typical GST fold, which is predominantly alpha-helical. Fluorescence spectroscopy suggests that BSP binding occurs at a site distinct from the glutathione-binding site (G-site); however, the binding does not alter the local G-site environment. Isothermal titration calorimetry studies show that the binding of BSP to Sj28GST is exergonic (∆G°= -33 kJ/mol) and enthalpically-driven, with a stoichiometry of one BSP per dimer. The stability of Sj28GST (∆G(H2O) = 4.7 kcal/mol) is notably lower than Sj26GST, owing to differences in the enzyme's dimeric interfaces. We conclude that Sj28GST shares similar biophysical characteristics with Sj26GST based on its kinetic properties and susceptibility to low concentrations of BSP. The study supports the potential benefits of re-purposing BSP as a potential drug or prodrug to mitigate the scourge of schistosomiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kagiso Pooe
- Protein Structure-Function and Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Monare Thulo
- Protein Structure-Function and Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hattie Makumbe
- Protein Structure-Function and Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Blessing Akumadu
- Protein Structure-Function and Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Oluwatobin Otun
- Protein Structure-Function and Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Chinyere Aloke
- Protein Structure-Function and Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ikechukwu Achilonu
- Protein Structure-Function and Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
miR-182-5p attenuates Schistosoma japonicum-induced hepatic fibrosis by targeting tristetraprolin. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1421-1430. [PMID: 36148947 PMCID: PMC9828319 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg granuloma formation in the liver is the main pathological lesion caused by Schistosoma japonicum infection, which generally results in liver fibrosis and may lead to death in advanced patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the process of liver fibrosis, but the putative function of miRNAs in liver fibrosis induced by S. japonicum infection is largely unclear. Here, we detect a new miRNA, miR-182-5p, which shows significantly decreased expression in mouse livers after stimulation by soluble egg antigen (SEA) of S. japonicum or S. japonicum infection. Knockdown or overexpression of miR-182-5p in vitro causes the increased or decreased expression of tristetraprolin (TTP), an important immunosuppressive protein in the process of liver fibrosis. Furthermore, knockdown of miR-182-5p in vivo upregulates TTP expression and significantly alleviates S. japonicum-induced hepatic fibrosis. Our data demonstrate that downregulation of miR-182-5p increases the expression of TTP in mouse livers following schistosome infection, which leads to destabilization of inflammatory factor mRNAs and attenuates liver fibrosis. Our results uncover fine-tuning of liver inflammatory reactions related to liver fibrosis caused by S. japonicum infection and provide new insights into the regulation of schistosomiasis-induced hepatic fibrosis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Barban do Patrocinio A. Schistosomiasis: Discovery of New Molecules for Disease Treatment and Vaccine Development. Infect Dis (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.104738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The parasite blood flukes belonging to the genus Schistosoma cause schistosomiasis. Among the Schistosoma species that infect humans, three stand out: Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum), which occurs in Asia, mainly in China and the Philippines; Schistosoma haematobium (S. haematobium), which occurs in Africa; and Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni), which occurs in Africa and South America and the center of Venezuela (Brazil). Research has shown that these species comprise strains that are resistant to Praziquantel (PZQ), the only drug of choice to fight the disease. Moreover, patients can be reinfected even after being treated with PZQ , and this drug does not act against young forms of the parasite. Therefore, several research groups have focused their studies on new molecules for disease treatment and vaccine development. This chapter will focus on (i) parasite resistance to PZQ , (ii) molecules that are currently being developed and tested as possible drugs against schistosomiasis, and (iii) candidates for vaccine development with a primary focus on clinical trials.
Collapse
|