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Qiao W, Li J, Xiong Y, Zheng J, Jin R, Hu C. GALAD score as a prognostic model for recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after local ablation. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:241. [PMID: 38713414 PMCID: PMC11076334 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, the high recurrence rate still forms severe challenges in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. The GALAD score, including age, gender, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP (AFP-L3), and des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) was developed as a diagnostic model. However, evidence is still lacking to confirm the capability of the GALAD score to predict the recurrence of HCC. METHODS This study included 390 HCC patients after local ablation at Beijing You'an Hospital from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2022. Firstly, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the predictive capability of the GALAD score. Then, the Kaplan-Meier (KM) curve and log-rank test were used to compare the prognosis between two groups classified by GALAD score. Finally, a nomogram for high-risk patients was established by Lasso-Cox regression. It was assessed by ROC curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS The ROC curve (AUC: 0.749) and KM curve showed the GALAD score had good predictive ability and could clearly stratify patients into two groups through the risk of recurrence. Prognostic factors selected by Lasso-Cox regression contained tumor number, tumor size, and globulin. The nomogram for high-risk patients showed reliable discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. CONCLUSION This research displayed that the GALAD score is an effective model for predicting the recurrence of HCC. Meanwhile, we found the poor prognosis of the high-risk group and created a nomogram for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Qiao
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Di'tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiashuo Li
- Beijing Di'tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqi Xiong
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasheng Zheng
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ronghua Jin
- Beijing Di'tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Caixia Hu
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Wang D, Hu X, Xu H, Chen Y, Wang S, Lin G, Yang L, Chen J, Zhang L, Qin P, Wu D, Liang B. Trend analysis and age-period-cohort effects on morbidity and mortality of liver cancer from 2010 to 2020 in Guangzhou, China. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1387587. [PMID: 38756657 PMCID: PMC11096536 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1387587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant gastrointestinal tumors worldwide. This study intends to provide insight into the epidemiological characteristics and development trends of liver cancer incidence and mortality from 2010 to 2020 in Guangzhou, China. Methods Data were collected from the Cancer Registry and Reporting Office of Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Cross-sectional study, Joinpoint regression (JPR) model, and Age-Period-Cohort (APC) model were conducted to analyze the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) trend of liver cancer among the entire study period. Results The age-standardized incidence and mortality of liver cancer in Guangzhou showed an overall decreasing trend. The disparity in risk of morbidity and mortality between the two sexes for liver cancer is increasing. The cohort effect was the most significant among those born in 1965~1969, and the risk of liver cancer incidence and mortality in the total population increased and then decreased with the birth cohort. Compared with the birth cohort born in 1950~1954 (the reference cohort), the risk of liver cancer incidence and mortality in the males born in 1995~1999 decreased by 32% and 41%, respectively, while the risk in the females decreased by 31% and 32%, respectively. Conclusions The early detection, prevention, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of liver cancer in Guangzhou have made remarkable achievements in recent years. However, the risk of liver cancer in the elderly and the middle-aged males is still at a high level. Therefore, the publicity of knowledge related to the prevention and treatment of liver cancer among the relevant population groups should be actively carried out to enhance the rate of early diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer and to advocate a healthier lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dedong Wang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biostatistics and Cancer Registration, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangzhi Hu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Cancer Registration, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Cancer Registration, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suixiang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Cancer Registration, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guozhen Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Cancer Registration, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinbin Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Cancer Registration, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengzhe Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Cancer Registration, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biostatistics and Cancer Registration, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boheng Liang
- Department of Biostatistics and Cancer Registration, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
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Sun Y, Xiong Y, Wang Q, Qiao W, Zhang H, Zhang Y. Development and validation of a nomogram to predict the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with dynamic changes in AFP undergoing locoregional treatments. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1206345. [PMID: 37700838 PMCID: PMC10494718 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1206345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is an important clinical indicator for screening, diagnosis, and prognosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our team's previous study showed that patients with negative AFP at baseline and positive AFP at relapse had a worse prognosis (N-P). Therefore, the aim of our study was to develop and validate a nomogram for this group of patients. Methods A total of 513 patients with HCC who received locoregional treatments at Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 2012 to December 2019 were prospectively enrolled. Patients admitted from 2012 to 2015 were assigned to the training cohort (n = 335), while 2016 to 2019 were in the validation cohort (n =183). The clinical and pathological features of patients were collected, and independent risk factors were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis as a basis for developing a nomogram. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated by C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) curves in the training and validation cohorts. Results The content of the nomogram includes gender, tumor number, tumor size, lymphocyte, direct bilirubin (DBIL), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and prealbumin. The C-index (0.717 and 0.752) and 1-, 3-, and 5-year AUCs (0.721, 0.825, 0.845, and 0.740, 0.868, 0.837) of the training and validation cohorts proved the good predictive performance of the nomogram. Calibration curves and DCA curves suggested accuracy and net clinical benefit rates. The nomogram enabled to classify of patients with dynamic changes in AFP into three groups according to the risk of recurrence: low risk, intermediate risk, and high risk. There was a statistically significant difference in RFS between the three groups in the training and validation cohorts (P<0.001). Conclusion The nomogram developed and validated in this study had good predictive power for patients with dynamic changes in AFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqi Xiong
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenying Qiao
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Honghai Zhang
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Resources, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Boora S, Sharma V, Kaushik S, Bhupatiraju AV, Singh S, Kaushik S. Hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma: a persistent global problem. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:679-689. [PMID: 37059940 PMCID: PMC10235410 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00970-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are highly prevalent globally, representing a serious public health problem. The diverse modes of transmission and the burden of the chronic carrier population pose challenges to the effective management of HBV. Vaccination is the most effective preventive measure available in the current scenario. Still, HBV is one of the significant health issues in various parts of the globe due to non-response to vaccines, the high number of concealed carriers, and the lack of access and awareness. Universal vaccination programs must be scaled up in neonates, especially in the developing parts of the world, to prevent new HBV infections. Novel treatments like combinational therapy, gene silencing, and new antivirals must be available for effective management. The prolonged infection of HBV, direct and indirect, can promote the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present review emphasizes the problems and probable solutions for better managing HBV infections, causal risk factors of HCC, and mechanisms of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjit Boora
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, 124001, Haryana, Rohtak, India
| | - Vikrant Sharma
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, 124001, Haryana, Rohtak, India
| | | | | | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Samander Kaushik
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, 124001, Haryana, Rohtak, India.
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Licata A, Russo GT, Giandalia A, Cammilleri M, Asero C, Cacciola I. Impact of Sex and Gender on Clinical Management of Patients with Advanced Chronic Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030558. [PMID: 36983739 PMCID: PMC10051396 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gender differences in the epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical features in chronic liver diseases that may be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been increasingly reported in recent years. This sexual dimorphism is due to a complex interaction between sex- and gender-related factors, including biological, hormonal, psychological and socio-cultural variables. However, the impact of sex and gender on the management of T2D subjects with liver disease is still unclear. In this regard, sex-related differences deserve careful consideration in pharmacology, aimed at improving drug safety and optimising medical therapy, both in men and women with T2D; moreover, low adherence to and persistence of long-term drug treatment is more common among women. A better understanding of sex- and gender-related differences in this field would provide an opportunity for a tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the management of T2D subjects with chronic liver disease. In this narrative review, we summarized available data on sex- and gender-related differences in chronic liver disease, including metabolic, autoimmune, alcoholic and virus-related forms and their potential evolution towards cirrhosis and/or hepatocarcinoma in T2D subjects, to support their appropriate and personalized clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Licata
- Internal Medicine & Hepatology Unit, University Hospital of Palermo, PROMISE, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina T Russo
- Internal Medicine and Diabetology Unit, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Annalisa Giandalia
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Marcella Cammilleri
- Internal Medicine & Hepatology Unit, University Hospital of Palermo, PROMISE, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Clelia Asero
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Cacciola
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
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Noverati N, Nguyen A, Chalikonda D, Halegoua-DeMarzio D, Hann HW. The Role of Host in the Spectrum of Outcomes in Family Clusters of Hepatitis Infection: From Asymptomatic to Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2023; 17:104-110. [PMID: 36818365 PMCID: PMC9929652 DOI: 10.1159/000529153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus infections are prevalent worldwide, but the outcomes of infection vary greatly from host to host. In many endemic regions, vertical transmission from mother to child is most common. In this transmission setting, virus genotype and shared patient genetics make for an interesting comparison of outcome of chronic hepatitis B infection. This case series demonstrates four family clusters which display disparate outcomes among family members with hepatitis B virus infections, further stressing the role of host and non-genetic factors in the natural history of the disease. Many host factors have been theorized, from epigenetic mechanisms to the role of chronic stress, but more research is needed to better understand those at higher risk of feared complications such as hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Noverati
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anh Nguyen
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Divya Chalikonda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dina Halegoua-DeMarzio
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hie-Won Hann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Qiao W, Wang Q, Mei T, Wang Q, Wang W, Zhang Y. External validation and improvement of the scoring system for predicting the prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma after interventional therapy. Front Surg 2023; 10:1045213. [PMID: 36936655 PMCID: PMC10020369 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1045213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, locoregional therapies, such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and ablation, play an important role in the treatment of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, an easy-to-use scoring system that predicts recurrence to guide individualized management of HCC with varying risks of recurrence remains an unmet need. Methods A total of 483 eligible HCC patients treated by TACE combined with ablation from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019, were included in the temporal external validation cohort and then used to explore possibilities for refinement of the original scoring system. We investigated the prognostic value of baseline variables on recurrence-free survival (RFS) using a Cox model and developed the easily applicable YA score. The performances of the original scoring system and YA score were assessed according to discrimination (area under the receiver operating curve [AUROC] and Harrell's concordance index [C-statistic]), calibration (calibration curves), and clinical utility [decision curve analysis (DCA) curves]. Finally, improvement in the ability to predict in the different scoring systems was assessed using the Net Reclassification Index (NRI). The YA score was lastly compared with other prognostic scores. Results During the median follow-up period of 35.6 months, 292 patients experienced recurrence. In the validation cohort, the original scoring system exhibited high discrimination (C-statistic: 0.695) and calibration for predicting the prognosis in HCC. To improve the prediction performance, the independent predictors of RFS, including gender, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and des-γ-carboxyprothrombin (DCP), tumor number, tumor size, albumin-to-prealbumin ratio (APR), and fibrinogen, were incorporated into the YA score, an improved score. Compared to the original scoring system, the YA score has better discrimination (c-statistic: 0.712VS0.695), with outstanding calibration and the clinical net benefit, both in the training and validation cohorts. Moreover, the YA score accurately stratified patients with HCC into low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups of recurrence and mortality and outperformed other prognostic scores. Conclusion YA score is associated with recurrence and survival in early- and middle-stage HCC patients receiving local treatment. Such score would be valuable in guiding the monitoring of follow-up and the design of adjuvant treatment trials, providing highly informative data for clinical management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Qiao
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You ‘an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You ‘an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You ‘an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Mei
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You ‘an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You ‘an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You ‘an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: Wen Wang Yonghong Zhang
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You ‘an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: Wen Wang Yonghong Zhang
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Lu Z, Yang D, Qin S, Mo C, Zhang L, Ou Y, Li S. Testis-specific protein Y-encoded 1 regulates androgen receptor expression through the MAPK/ERK pathway in male hepatocellular carcinoma. Saudi Med J 2022; 43:1087-1095. [PMID: 36261201 PMCID: PMC9994500 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.10.20220455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the mechanism of testis-specific protein Y-encoded 1 (TSPY1) in male hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS This experimental study was carried out at Guangxi Medical University's First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi, China, between January 2016 and December 2019. The expression of TSPY1, androgen receptor (AR), messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs), and proteins were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The co-localization and interaction of TSPY1 and AR were observed by immunofluorescence assay and co-immunoprecipitation. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells overexpressing and silencing TSPY1 were constructed, and the expression and phosphorylation levels of TSPY1, AR, and mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MAPK/ERK) signaling pathway-related key molecules ERK1/2, p38, and JNK were also detected. RESULTS The expression levels of TSPY1, AR mRNAs, and proteins were highly positively correlated in HCC cells in different metastatic potentials with a high correlation coefficient of R=0.929 and R=0.884. Testis-specific protein Y-encoded 1 and AR were then co-localized in the nucleus of HCC cells, and TSPY1 and AR can interact with each other. In addition, the expression of AR and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 were enhanced in TSPY1 overexpressed Huh7 cells. They were reduced in HCCLM3 cells with TSPY1 knockdown expression. In addition, in response to blocking MAPK/ERK signaling activity, AR was reduced in expression. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that there was a positive correlation between TSPY1 expression and AR in male HCC cells, and high TSPY1 expression stimulates AR expression, MAPK/ERK signaling pathway may be involved in its mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolu Lu
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Dongmei Yang
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Shanzi Qin
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Cuiju Mo
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Linyan Zhang
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yingying Ou
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Shan Li
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
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Noverati N, Bashir-Hamidu R, Halegoua-DeMarzio D, Hann HW. Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Chronic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073917. [PMID: 35409275 PMCID: PMC8999024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hepatitis B virus is one of the most significant hepatocarcinogens globally. The carcinogenic mechanisms of this virus are complex, and may include interactions with the host’s immune system. Certain factors, such as stress on the body, can also potentiate these mechanisms. Stress, although adaptive in an acute form, is deleterious to health when chronic and can both suppress and activate the host’s defense system. In hepatocellular carcinoma, this can lead to tumor initiation and progression. Those that are more prone to stress, or exposed to situations that incite stress, may be at higher risk of developing cancer. Racial disparities, for example, are a source of chronic psychosocial stress in America and predispose minorities to poorer outcomes. As it remains perplexing why some individuals with chronic hepatitis B develop feared complications while others do not, it is important to recognize as many risk factors as possible, including those often overlooked such as chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Noverati
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (N.N.); (R.B.-H.); (D.H.-D.)
| | - Rukaiya Bashir-Hamidu
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (N.N.); (R.B.-H.); (D.H.-D.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Dina Halegoua-DeMarzio
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (N.N.); (R.B.-H.); (D.H.-D.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Hie-Won Hann
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (N.N.); (R.B.-H.); (D.H.-D.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Correspondence:
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