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Norfolk M, Bielby J, Figueiredo Passos L, Reddon AR, Rendle M. Nutraceutical supplementation increases mobility in aged captive non-domesticated felids. Vet Rec 2024; 194:e3797. [PMID: 38379254 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) are an increasing issue as the lifespan of captive animals increases. Extracts of green-lipped mussels have been linked to alleviation of MSDs in domestic carnivores. Understanding their efficacy in non-domestic felids could provide another tool to improve the welfare of aged individuals in collections. METHODS A within-subject study design quantified steps per minute in each of 18 cats of 13 species before and after the addition of a nutraceutical containing green-lipped mussel extract (Antinol) to their diets. The age structure of four commonly kept subspecies of non-domestic cats was quantified to provide a demographic context to the need for managing aged individuals. RESULTS Each of the 18 cats exhibited a higher number of steps per minute after the addition of Antinol to their diet. At the group level, a paired t-test showed that the step rate was significantly increased after the addition of Antinol to the diet. LIMITATIONS While our results showed a strong significant increase in step rate following Antinol supplementation, further studies that incorporate a placebo, more individuals and more detailed metrics of mobility would provide a more detailed evidence base for practitioners. CONCLUSION Nutraceuticals may yield benefits to aged individual felids, including species kept widely in European collections. Their use warrants further, detailed research in collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Norfolk
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jon Bielby
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Luiza Figueiredo Passos
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Adam R Reddon
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Matthew Rendle
- Association of Zoo and Exotic Veterinary Nurses, Market Harborough, UK
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Corbee RJ. The efficacy of a nutritional supplement containing green-lipped mussel, curcumin and blackcurrant leaf extract in dogs and cats with osteoarthritis. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1025-1035. [PMID: 35274496 PMCID: PMC9122405 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis is a common disease in dogs and cats, and the search for novel treatment options is needed. The combination of green‐lipped mussel, curcumin and blackcurrant leaf extract has to date not been studied in dogs and cats. Objectives The aim of this study was to test the effect of a supplement containing green‐lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus), curcumin (Curcuma longa) and blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) leaf extract on locomotion and behaviour in client‐owned dogs and cats suffering from mild to moderate osteoarthritis. Methods To this end, 32 dogs and 16 cats were enrolled in a double‐blinded, randomised, crossover, placebo‐controlled trial for 10 weeks in cats and 16 weeks in dogs. Outcome parameters were the Helsinki Chronic Pain Index (HCPI) by pet owners in dogs and cats, Canine OsteoArthritis Staging Tool (COAST) by a veterinarian in dogs and Force Plate Analysis (FPA) in 18 dogs. Results In dogs, the COAST improved significantly in the supplement group compared to baseline but was not different than the placebo group. In cats, the ability to groom, activity level, playfulness and walking up the stairs improved in the supplement group. No differences were found on HCPI scores and FPA in dogs. Several non‐responders were noted in both species, which were irrespective of the stage of osteoarthritis. Conclusions Overall, the supplement had only partial positive effects in client‐owned dogs and cats with mild to moderate osteoarthritis. Further research with a larger sample size and longer duration is needed to expand these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Jan Corbee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Non-polar lipid from greenshell mussel (Perna canaliculus) inhibits osteoclast differentiation. Bone Rep 2021; 15:101132. [PMID: 34632003 PMCID: PMC8493498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The osteoclast-dependent bone resorption process is a crucial part of the bone regulatory system. The excessive function of osteoclasts can cause diseases of bone, joint, and other tissues such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Greenshell mussel oil (GSM), a good source of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFAs), was fractionated into total lipid, polar lipid, and non-polar lipid components and their anti-osteoclastogenic activity tested in RAW 264.7 cell cultures. Osteoclast differentiation process was achieved after 5 days of incubation with RANKL in 24-well culture plates. Introducing the non-polar lipid fraction into the culture caused a lack of cell differentiation, and a reduction in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and TRAP cell numbers in a dose-dependent manner (50% reduction at the concentration of 20 μg/mL, p < 0.001). Moreover, actin ring formation was significantly diminished by non-polar lipids at 10-20 μg/mL. The bone digestive enzymes released by osteoclasts into the pit formation were also compromised by downregulating gene expression of cathepsin K, carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). This study revealed that the non-polar lipid fraction of GSM oil contains bioactive substances which possess potent anti-osteoclastogenic activity.
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Key Words
- AA, Arachidonic acid
- ALA, Alpha linolenic acid
- CAII, Carbonic anhydrase II
- DHA, Docosahexaenoic acid
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DPA, Docosapentaenoic acid
- EPA, Eicosapentaenoic acid
- FFAR, Free fatty acid receptor
- GSM, Greenshell mussel
- Greenshell mussel
- LA, Linoleic acid
- LPS, Lipopolysaccharide
- MMP-9, Matrix metalloproteinase 9
- MUFA, Monounsaturated fatty acid
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor κB
- NFATc1, Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1
- OA, Osteoarthritis
- Omega 3 fatty acid
- Osteoarthritis
- Osteoclasts
- Osteoporosis
- PA, Palmitic acid
- PPAR, Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor
- PUFA, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
- RANKL, Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand
- SFA, Saturated fatty acid
- TRAP, Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
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Chadaeva I, Ponomarenko P, Kozhemyakina R, Suslov V, Bogomolov A, Klimova N, Shikhevich S, Savinkova L, Oshchepkov D, Kolchanov NA, Markel A, Ponomarenko M. Domestication Explains Two-Thirds of Differential-Gene-Expression Variance between Domestic and Wild Animals; The Remaining One-Third Reflects Intraspecific and Interspecific Variation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2667. [PMID: 34573632 PMCID: PMC8465180 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Belyaev's concept of destabilizing selection during domestication was a major achievement in the XX century. Its practical value has been realized in commercial colors of the domesticated fox that never occur in the wild and has been confirmed in a wide variety of pet breeds. Many human disease models involving animals allow to test drugs before human testing. Perhaps this is why investigators doing transcriptomic profiling of domestic versus wild animals have searched for breed-specific patterns. Here we sequenced hypothalamic transcriptomes of tame and aggressive rats, identified their differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and, for the first time, applied principal component analysis to compare them with all the known DEGs of domestic versus wild animals that we could find. Two principal components, PC1 and PC2, respectively explained 67% and 33% of differential-gene-expression variance (hereinafter: log2 value) between domestic and wild animals. PC1 corresponded to multiple orthologous DEGs supported by homologs; these DEGs kept the log2 value sign from species to species and from tissue to tissue (i.e., a common domestication pattern). PC2 represented stand-alone homologous DEG pairs reversing the log2 value sign from one species to another and from tissue to tissue (i.e., representing intraspecific and interspecific variation).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mikhail Ponomarenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (P.P.); (R.K.); (V.S.); (A.B.); (N.K.); (S.S.); (L.S.); (D.O.); (N.A.K.); (A.M.)
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Feng JH, Kim HY, Sim SM, Zuo GL, Jung JS, Hwang SH, Kwak YG, Kim MJ, Jo JH, Kim SC, Lim SS, Suh HW. The Anti-Inflammatory and the Antinociceptive Effects of Mixed Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge Extract. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061234. [PMID: 34204404 PMCID: PMC8234973 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Arthritis is a common condition that causes pain and inflammation in a joint. Previously, we reported that the mixture extract (ME) from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. (AP) and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SM) could ameliorate gout arthritis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of ME and characterize the mechanism. We compared the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of a positive control, Perna canaliculus powder (PC). The results showed that one-off and one-week treatment of ME reduced the pain threshold in a dose-dependent manner (from 10 to 100 mg/kg) in the mono-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA) model. ME also reduced the plasma TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP levels. In LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, ME inhibited the release of NO, PGE2, LTB4, and IL-6, increased the phosphorylation of PPAR-γ protein, and downregulated TNF-α and MAPKs proteins expression in a concentration-dependent (from 1 to 100 µg/mL) manner. Furthermore, ME ameliorated the progression of ear edema in mice. In most of the experiments, ME-induced effects were almost equal to, or were higher than, PC-induced effects. Conclusions: The data presented here suggest that ME shows anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities, indicating ME may be a potential therapeutic for arthritis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hui Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea; (J.-H.F.); (S.-M.S.)
- Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Yong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea; (H.-Y.K.); (G.-L.Z.); (S.-H.H.)
| | - Su-Min Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea; (J.-H.F.); (S.-M.S.)
- Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Guang-Lei Zuo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea; (H.-Y.K.); (G.-L.Z.); (S.-H.H.)
| | - Jeon-Sub Jung
- Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Seung-Hwan Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea; (H.-Y.K.); (G.-L.Z.); (S.-H.H.)
- R&D Center, Huons Co., Ltd., 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Youn-Gil Kwak
- Research Institute, Huons Nature, Geumsan 32742, Choong-cheong Nam-do, Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (M.-J.K.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Research Institute, Huons Nature, Geumsan 32742, Choong-cheong Nam-do, Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (M.-J.K.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Jeong-Hun Jo
- Research Institute, Huons Nature, Geumsan 32742, Choong-cheong Nam-do, Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (M.-J.K.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Sung-Chan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Soon-Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea; (H.-Y.K.); (G.-L.Z.); (S.-H.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.-S.L.); (H.-W.S.); Tel.: +82-33-248-2133 (S.-S.L.); +82-33-248-2614 (H.-W.S.)
| | - Hong-Won Suh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea; (J.-H.F.); (S.-M.S.)
- Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.-S.L.); (H.-W.S.); Tel.: +82-33-248-2133 (S.-S.L.); +82-33-248-2614 (H.-W.S.)
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Miller MR, Kruger MC, Wynne C, Waaka D, Li W, Frampton C, Wolber FM, Eason C. Bioavailability of Orally Administered Active Lipid Compounds from four Different Greenshell™ Mussel Formats. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18110524. [PMID: 33114125 PMCID: PMC7690812 DOI: 10.3390/md18110524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Greenshell™ mussel (GSM, Perna canaliculus) is New Zealand's most important aquaculture species. They are a good source of long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC PUFA). Beyond a traditional food product, GSMs are also sold as mussel powders and oil extract formats in the nutraceutical markets. In this study, a four-sequence, single dose, randomized crossover human trial with eight evaluable healthy male participants was undertaken to determine the bioavailability of the n-3 LC PUFA in four different GSM formats (oil, powder, food ingredient and half-shell unprocessed whole mussel) by measuring area under the curve (AUC) and maximal concentration (CMax). Blood samples were collected at baseline and up to 48 h after initiation of product consumption in each administration period. There were minor differences between the bioavailability of FA (fatty acid) between the different GSM formats. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) peak concentrations and plasma exposures were significantly lower with GSM oil compared to GSM half-shell and GSM powder formats, which resulted in AUC0-48 for the intake of GSM half-shell mussel and GSM powder being significantly higher than that for GSM oil (p = 0.013, f= 4.84). This equated to a 20.6% and 24.3% increase in the amount of EPA present in the plasma after consumption of half-shell mussels and mussel powder respectively compared to GSM oil. GSM oil produced the shortest median time to maximal plasma n-3 LC PUFA concentration of all evaluated products demonstrated by a shorter maximum measured plasma concentration (TMax = 5 h). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and n-3 LC PUFA plasma exposure parameters were statistically comparable across the four GSM products evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Miller
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7010, New Zealand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-3548-2319
| | - Marlena C. Kruger
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Chris Wynne
- Christchurch Clinical Studies Trust (CSST), Christchurch Central, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; (C.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Devonie Waaka
- Christchurch Clinical Studies Trust (CSST), Christchurch Central, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; (C.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Weili Li
- Department of Clinical Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK;
| | - Chris Frampton
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Fran M. Wolber
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Charles Eason
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7010, New Zealand;
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