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Wu X, Wang Q, Lu W, Wang Y, Han Z, Liang L, Gao S, Ma H, Luo X. The PCV3 Cap Virus-like Particle Vaccine with the Chimeric PCV2-Neutralizing Epitope Gene Is Effective in Mice. Vet Sci 2024; 11:264. [PMID: 38922011 PMCID: PMC11209062 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11060264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) infection can cause symptoms similar to those of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection, and coinfections with both PCV2 and PCV3 are observed in the swine industry. Consequently, developing chimeric vaccines is essential to prevent and control porcine circovirus infections. In this study, we used both E. coli and mammalian expression systems to express PCV3 Cap (Cap3) and a chimeric gene containing the PCV2-neutralizing epitope within the PCV3 Cap (Cap3-Cap2E), which were assembled into virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines. We found that Cap3 lacking nuclear localization signal (NLS) could not form VLPs, while Cap3 with a His-tag successfully assembled into VLPs. Additionally, the chimeric of PCV2-neutralizing epitopes did not interfere with the assembly process of VLPs. Various immunization approaches revealed that pCap3-Cap2E VLP vaccines were capable of activating high PCV3 Cap-specific antibody levels and effectively neutralizing both PCV3 and PCV2. Furthermore, pCap3-Cap2E VLPs demonstrated a potent ability to activate cellular immunity, protecting against PCV3 infection and preventing lung damage in mice. In conclusion, this study successfully developed a PCV3 Cap VLP vaccine incorporating chimeric PCV2-neutralizing epitope genes, providing new perspectives for PCV3 vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.W.)
| | - Qikai Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.W.)
| | - Wang Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.W.)
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.W.)
| | - Zehao Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.W.)
| | - Libin Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.W.)
| | - Shimin Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.W.)
| | - Haili Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.W.)
| | - Xiaomao Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.W.)
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan 030012, China
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Du Q, Shi T, Wang H, Zhu C, Yang N, Tong D, Huang Y. The ultrasonically treated nanoliposomes containing PCV2 DNA vaccine expressing gC1qR binding site mutant Cap is efficient in mice. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1077026. [PMID: 36713188 PMCID: PMC9874303 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1077026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, vaccines are broadly used to prevent porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection-induced expenditures, but the virus is still spreading among pigs. The current PCV2 vaccines all rely on the immunogenicity of Cap, yet our previous studies found that Cap is also the major component mediating the PCV2 infection-induced immune suppression through its interaction with host gC1qR. Thereby, new vaccines are still necessary for PCV2 prevention and control. In this study, we constructed a new PCV2 DNA vaccine expressing the gC1qR binding site mutant Cap. We introduced the Intron A and WPRE elements into the vector to improve the Cap expression level, and fused the IL-2 secretory signal peptides to the N-terminal of Cap to mediate the secretion of Cap. We also screened and selected chemokines CXCL12, CCL22, and CCL25 to migrate dendritic cells. In addition, we contained the vectors with PEI and then ultrasonic them into nano size to enhance the entrance of the vectors. Finally, the animal experiments showed that the new PCV2 DNA vaccine expressing the gC1qR binding site mutant Cap could induce stronger humoral and cellular immune responses than the PCV2 DNA vaccine expressing the wild-type Cap and the non-ultrasonic treated PCV2 DNA vaccine in mice, and protect the mice from PCV2 infection and lung lesions. The results indicate the new PCV2 DNA vaccine expressing the gC1qR binding site mutant Cap has a certain development value, and provide new insight into the development of novel PCV2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China,Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Ministry of Education, Xianyang, China
| | - Tengfei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China,Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Ministry of Education, Xianyang, China
| | - Huaxin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China,Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Ministry of Education, Xianyang, China
| | - Changlei Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China,Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Ministry of Education, Xianyang, China
| | - Nan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China,Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Ministry of Education, Xianyang, China
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China,Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Ministry of Education, Xianyang, China,*Correspondence: Dewen Tong,
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China,Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Ministry of Education, Xianyang, China,Yong Huang,
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Nan W, Wu J, Hu H, Peng G, Tan S, Deng Z. Prevalence and genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 in northern Guangdong Province during 2016–2021. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:932612. [PMID: 36032297 PMCID: PMC9399655 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.932612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and widespread of porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVADs), mainly caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), threatens the Chinese swine industry. In this study, to investigate the recent prevalence of PCV2 in northern Guangdong Province of China, 573 tissue samples from 132 pig farms were collected during 2016–2021 and analyzed via PCR. Overall, 51.38% (297/573, 95%CI 47.74–55.92) samples were tested PCV2 positive. The detection rate of PCV2 was significantly lower in samples collected before 2016-2018 than after the outbreak of African Swine Fever (2019-2021), being 59.85% (158/264, 95%CI 53.94–65.76) and 41.47% (141/340, 95%CI 36.43–46.71), respectively. On the other end, the genetic characteristics of 26 PCV2 strains were further analyzed. These PCV2 strains belonged to three genotypes, including PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d. Specifically, the predominant genotype prevalent during two periods (2016–2018 and 2019–2021) wasPCV2b (81.82%, 9/11) and PCV2d (80.0%, 12/15), respectively. The results above illustrated the high prevalence and the genetic evolution feature of PCV2 in Guangdong Province in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Nan
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention & Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, China
- North Guangdong Collaborative Innovation and Development Center of Pig Farming and Disease Control, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Jingbo Wu
- North Guangdong Collaborative Innovation and Development Center of Pig Farming and Disease Control, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Honghui Hu
- North Guangdong Collaborative Innovation and Development Center of Pig Farming and Disease Control, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Guoliang Peng
- North Guangdong Collaborative Innovation and Development Center of Pig Farming and Disease Control, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Simin Tan
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention & Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, China
| | - Zhibang Deng
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention & Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhibang Deng
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Hu X, Chen Z, Li Y, Ding Z, Zeng Q, Wan T, Wu H. Detection of Porcine Circovirus 1/2/3 and Genetic Analysis of Porcine Circovirus 2 in Wild Boar from Jiangxi Province of China. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162021. [PMID: 36009613 PMCID: PMC9404430 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of disorders that harm pig production are linked to porcine circoviruses, including PCV2. PCV2 infection is a substantial contributor to porcine-circovirus-associated illnesses (PCAS) and the post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), which have a significant negative economic impact on pig production. Additionally, PCV infection has been labeled as a global concern to cattle and wildlife. This study’s objectives were to examine the prevalence of PCV1/2/3 in Jiangxi Province, China, and to clarify the epidemiological significance of wild boar in PCV epidemiology. The 2020 hunting seasons resulted in the collection of 138 wild boar samples for PCV1/2/3 detection, which was followed by the genetic clarification of PCV2 strains. According to our data, 21.7% (30/138) of the population had PCV1 positivity, 22.5% (31/138) had PCV2 positivity, and 5.8% (8/138) had PCV3 positivity. Additionally, 10 out of 138 wild boar samples had PCV1 and PCV2 co-infections, while 5 out of 138 wild boar samples had PCV2 and PC3 co-infections. Nineteen full-length PCV2 genomes measuring 1767 nt were recovered from various animal tissues using conventional PCR. Eighteen out of nineteen PCV2 strains were identified as PCV2b by phylogenetic tree analysis, which was completed by the reference strain HLJ2015 obtained from domestic pigs in 2015. Additionally, one genotype of PCV2d JX11-2020 (MW889021) shared a sub-branch with the referenced strain TJ (AY181946), which was isolated in domestic pigs in 2002. This finding raises the possibility that domestic pigs could contract PCV2 strains from wild boar, posing a serious threat to the Jiangxi province of China’s pig production industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Hu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Street, Qingshan Lake, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Street, Qingshan Lake, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Street, Qingshan Lake, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Street, Qingshan Lake, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Qinghua Zeng
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Street, Qingshan Lake, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Tong Wan
- College of Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Street, Qingshan Lake, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Huansheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Street, Qingshan Lake, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Correspondence:
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Advances in Crosstalk between Porcine Circoviruses and Host. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071419. [PMID: 35891399 PMCID: PMC9315664 DOI: 10.3390/v14071419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circoviruses (PCVs), including PCV1 to PCV4, are non-enveloped DNA viruses with a diameter of about 20 nm, belonging to the genus Circovirus in the family Circoviridae. PCV2 is an important causative agent of porcine circovirus disease or porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVD/PCVAD), which is highly prevalent in pigs and seriously affects the swine industry globally. Furthermore, PCV2 mainly causes subclinical symptoms and immunosuppression, and PCV3 and PCV4 were detected in healthy pigs, sick pigs, and other animals. Although the pathogenicity of PCV3 and PCV4 in the field is still controversial, the infection rates of PCV3 and PCV4 in pigs are increasing. Moreover, PCV3 and PCV4 rescued from infected clones were pathogenic in vivo. It is worth noting that the interaction between virus and host is crucial to the infection and pathogenicity of the virus. This review discusses the latest research progress on the molecular mechanism of PCVs–host interaction, which may provide a scientific basis for disease prevention and control.
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