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Paolini A, Vignoli M, Bernabò N, Bianchi A, Tamburro R, Pincelli MC, Del Signore F, De Bonis A, Rosto M, Collivignarelli F, Distefano C, Cerasoli I. A Comparison of the Intrarectal and Intramuscular Effects of a Dexmedetomidine, Ketamine and Midazolam Mixture on Tear Production in Cats: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:145. [PMID: 38200876 PMCID: PMC10778512 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cats are often easily stressed and uncooperative. The use of sedative agents in the feline species is widely used to perform even minor clinical and diagnostic procedures. The aim of this study is to assess the impact on tear film production of the intrarectal route (IR) administration of a mixture of dexmedetomidine, ketamine and midazolam in comparison with the intramuscular (IM) one. A group of twenty cats were involved in a randomized and blinded clinical trial. A clinical and ophthalmological examination was conducted on the cats. The IR group received dexmedetomidine 0.003 mg kg-1, ketamine 4 mg kg-1 and midazolam 0.4 mg kg-1; the IM group received dexmedetomidine 0.003 mg kg-1, ketamine 2 mg kg-1 and midazolam 0.2 mg kg-1. A Shirmer tear test I (STT- I) was conducted 1 h before sedation and 2', 10', 20', 30', 40', and 80' post drug administration. The reaction to STT-I administration was also evaluated. The IM group has a lower mean tear production than the IR group for all time points evaluated. Cats in the IM group showed less reaction to STT-I administration. This study may suggest that the effect of sedative agents administered by the IR route has a lower incidence on tear production than the IM one. The use of eye lubricant is recommended in any case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Paolini
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.V.); (N.B.); (A.B.); (M.C.P.); (F.D.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.R.); (F.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Massimo Vignoli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.V.); (N.B.); (A.B.); (M.C.P.); (F.D.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.R.); (F.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Nicola Bernabò
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.V.); (N.B.); (A.B.); (M.C.P.); (F.D.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.R.); (F.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Amanda Bianchi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.V.); (N.B.); (A.B.); (M.C.P.); (F.D.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.R.); (F.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Roberto Tamburro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.V.); (N.B.); (A.B.); (M.C.P.); (F.D.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.R.); (F.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Maria Cristina Pincelli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.V.); (N.B.); (A.B.); (M.C.P.); (F.D.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.R.); (F.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Francesca Del Signore
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.V.); (N.B.); (A.B.); (M.C.P.); (F.D.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.R.); (F.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Andrea De Bonis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.V.); (N.B.); (A.B.); (M.C.P.); (F.D.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.R.); (F.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Martina Rosto
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.V.); (N.B.); (A.B.); (M.C.P.); (F.D.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.R.); (F.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Francesco Collivignarelli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.V.); (N.B.); (A.B.); (M.C.P.); (F.D.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.R.); (F.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Clelia Distefano
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.V.); (N.B.); (A.B.); (M.C.P.); (F.D.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.R.); (F.C.); (C.D.)
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