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Collado S, Oulego P, Vázquez S, Pola L, Díaz M. Characterization and reuse of waste from the magnesium nitrate fertilizer industry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162925. [PMID: 36934925 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, liquid fertilizers are considered strategic products in the sector, particularly those with nitrogen and magnesium in their composition. During their synthesis, the generated muddy and sticky residue is usually managed as a toxic waste because its properties and feasible valorization methods have not yet been studied. For the first time, this residue has been thoroughly characterized, and, on the results obtained, its possible reuse options have been discussed. This material, with 47 % moisture content, a neutral pH, and a specific density of 0.85, still contains 35 % dry weight of nitromagnesite. These findings, together with a high cation exchange capacity and the presence of iron, aluminium, calcium and silicon as minority components, make its reintroduction into the manufacturing process of fertilizers the most viable option for its valorization, having two alternatives for this purpose. The first is to use it as a feedstock for the production of solid fertilizers by adding 30 % quicklime to the residue to improve its mechanical properties, thus obtaining a fertilizer with 5.7 %, 5.0 % and 24.3 % (dry weight) of magnesium, nitrogen and calcium, respectively. The second option, which focused on obtaining a liquid fertilizer, allowed the recovery of approximately 86 % of the remaining nitromagnesite in the residue by washing it with nitric acid, reducing its initial dry mass by 77 %. Then, the resultant liquid phase, with 16 % magnesium nitrate, could be enriched to the 35 % concentration demanded by liquid fertilizer consumers by a subsequent acid attack of the raw rock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Collado
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Clavería s/n, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Paula Oulego
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Clavería s/n, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Silvia Vázquez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Clavería s/n, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lucía Pola
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Clavería s/n, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario Díaz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Clavería s/n, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain.
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Sánchez M, Laca A, Laca A, Díaz M. Cocoa Bean Shell: A By-Product with High Potential for Nutritional and Biotechnological Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051028. [PMID: 37237894 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocoa bean shell (CBS) is one of the main solid wastes derived from the chocolate industry. This residual biomass could be an interesting source of nutrients and bioactive compounds due to its high content in dietary fibres, polyphenols and methylxanthines. Specifically, CBS can be employed as a raw material for the recovery of, for example, antioxidants, antivirals and/or antimicrobials. Additionally, it can be used as a substrate to obtain biofuels (bioethanol or biomethane), as an additive in food processing, as an adsorbent and, even, as a corrosion-inhibiting agent. Together with the research on obtaining and characterising different compounds of interest from CBS, some works have focused on the employment of novel sustainable extraction methods and others on the possible use of the whole CBS or some derived products. This review provides insight into the different alternatives of CBS valorisation, including the most recent innovations, trends and challenges for the biotechnological application of this interesting and underused by-product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sánchez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Amanda Laca
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Adriana Laca
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario Díaz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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Ashrafi G, Nasrollahzadeh M, Jaleh B, Sajjadi M, Ghafuri H. Biowaste- and nature-derived (nano)materials: Biosynthesis, stability and environmental applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 301:102599. [PMID: 35066374 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to the environmental pollution issues and the supply of drinking/clean water, removal of both inorganic and organic (particularly dyes, nitroarenes, and heavy metals) to non-dangerous products and useful compounds are very important transformations. The deployment of sustainable and eco-friendly nanomaterials with exceptional structural and unique features such as high efficiency and stability/recyclability, high surface/volume ratio, low-cost production routes has become a priority; nonetheless, numerous significant challenges/restrictions still remained unresolved. The immobilization of green synthesized metal nanoparticles (NPs) on the natural materials and biowaste generated templates have been analyzed widely as a greener approach due to their environmentally friendly preparation methods, earth-abundance, cost-effectiveness with low energy consumption, biocompatibility, as well as adjustability in various cases of biomolecules as bioreducing agents. Natural and biowaste materials are widely considered as important sources to fabricate greener and biosynthesized types of metal, metal oxide, and metal sulfide nanomaterials using plant extracts. Integrating green synthesized nanoparticles with various biotemplates offers new practical composites for mitigating environmental challenges. In this review, degradation of dyes, reduction of toxic nitrophenols, absorption of heavy metals, and other hazardous/toxic environmental pollutants from contaminated water bodies using biowaste- and nature-derived nanomaterials are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Ashrafi
- Department of Physics, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65174 Hamedan, Iran
| | | | - Babak Jaleh
- Department of Physics, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65174 Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Mohaddeseh Sajjadi
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghafuri
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
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Wang A, Li B, Wang Y, Sun X, Huang Z, Bian S, Fan K, Shang H. Adsorption behavior of Congo red on a carbon material based on humic acid. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03926a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Humic acid is used as an inexpensive starting material to prepare a strong adsorbent for the removal of Congo red from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Boyuan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Yatong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Xiaoran Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Zhanbin Huang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Simeng Bian
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Kaili Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Hongzhou Shang
- School of material science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
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Baláž M, Boldyreva EV, Rybin D, Pavlović S, Rodríguez-Padrón D, Mudrinić T, Luque R. State-of-the-Art of Eggshell Waste in Materials Science: Recent Advances in Catalysis, Pharmaceutical Applications, and Mechanochemistry. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:612567. [PMID: 33585413 PMCID: PMC7873488 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.612567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eggshell waste is among the most abundant waste materials coming from food processing technologies. Despite the unique properties that both its components (eggshell, ES, and eggshell membrane, ESM) possess, it is very often discarded without further use. This review article aims to summarize the recent reports utilizing eggshell waste for very diverse purposes, stressing the need to use a mechanochemical approach to broaden its applications. The most studied field with regards to the potential use of eggshell waste is catalysis. Upon proper treatment, it can be used for turning waste oils into biodiesel and moreover, the catalytic effect of eggshell-based material in organic synthesis is also very beneficial. In inorganic chemistry, the eggshell membrane is very often used as a templating agent for nanoparticles production. Such composites are suitable for application in photocatalysis. These bionanocomposites are also capable of heavy metal ions reduction and can be also used for the ozonation process. The eggshell and its membrane are applicable in electrochemistry as well. Due to the high protein content and the presence of functional groups on the surface, ESM can be easily converted to a high-performance electrode material. Finally, both ES and ESM are suitable for medical applications, as the former can be used as an inexpensive Ca2+ source for the development of medications, particles for drug delivery, organic matrix/mineral nanocomposites as potential tissue scaffolds, food supplements and the latter for the treatment of joint diseases, in reparative medicine and vascular graft producing. For the majority of the above-mentioned applications, the pretreatment of the eggshell waste is necessary. Among other options, the mechanochemical pretreatment has found an inevitable place. Since the publication of the last review paper devoted to the mechanochemical treatment of eggshell waste, a few new works have appeared, which are reviewed here to underline the sustainable character of the proposed methodology. The mechanochemical treatment of eggshell is capable of producing the nanoscale material which can be further used for bioceramics synthesis, dehalogenation processes, wastewater treatment, preparation of hydrophobic filters, lithium-ion batteries, dental materials, and in the building industry as cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Baláž
- Department of Mechanochemistry, Institute of Geotechnics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Elena V. Boldyreva
- Department of Solid State Chemistry, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry Rybin
- Udmurt Federal Research Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhevsk, Russia
- Mezomax Inc., San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Stefan Pavlović
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, University of Belgrade – Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy – National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Tihana Mudrinić
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, University of Belgrade – Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy – National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rafael Luque
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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Removal of Sulfadiazine Using 3D Interconnected Petal-Like Magnetic Reduced Graphene Oxide (MrGO) Nanocomposites. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12071933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption has been regarded as one of the most efficient and economic methods for the removal of antibiotics from aqueous solutions. In this work, different graphene-based magnetic nanocomposites using a modified solvothermal method were synthesized and employed to remove sulfadiazine (SDZ) from water. The adsorption capacity of the optimal magnetic reduced graphene oxide (MrGO) was approximately 3.24 times that of pure Fe3O4. After five repeated adsorption cycles, the removal rate of SDZ (100 μg/L) by MrGO nanocomposites was still around 89.3%, which was only about a 3% decrease compared to that in the first cycle. Mechanism investigations showed that both chemical and physical adsorption contributed to the removal of SDZ. The excellent adsorption performance and recyclability of MrGO nanocomposites could be attributed to their wonderful 3D interconnected petal-like structures. The MrGO with SDZ could be easily recollected by magnetic separation. The MrGO also exhibited excellent adsorption performance in the purification of real polluted water.
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