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Verma K, Thattaramppilly RM, Manisha M, Jayakumar S, Marigoudar SR, Pranesh AT, Rao L. Determination of degradation/reaction rate for surface water quality of recycled water using Lake2K model for large-scale water recycling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:120207-120224. [PMID: 37936042 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30623-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The depletion of groundwater resources in the water-stressed regions has led to the overuse of surface water reservoirs. Recharging groundwater by rejuvenating dried surface reservoirs using recycled water is a new sustainable solution. To ensure the prevention of groundwater contamination and associated health risks (as recycled water is used), it is crucial to assess the surface reservoir water quality. The study for the first time suggests the Lake2K model, a one-dimensional mechanistic mass-balance model, to simulate the changes in water quality in a series of man-made surface water reservoirs where recycled water flows under an indirect groundwater recharge scheme (soil aquifer treatment system). The model was developed, calibrated, and validated using field observations to estimate degradation/reaction rate constants for various water quality parameters. The observed average degradation/reaction rate constants for parameters including ammonia-N, nitrate-N, total nitrogen, total organic carbon, and organic phosphorous were 0.043 day-1, 0.04 day-1, 0.043 day-1, 0.055 day-1, and 0.056 day-1, respectively, which were found to be relatively high compared to existing literature, indicating a greater degradation of these parameters in warmer climates. The results showed that the water quality improved significantly as the water progressed through the reservoirs, aligning with field observations. Additionally, the simulated seasonal variations revealed that the maximum growth rate of phytoplankton occurred during July, August, and September for each reservoir, while the nutrient pool (nitrate-N and orthophosphates) experienced the greatest depletion during this growth period. These findings shed light on the dynamics of surface water quality in regions facing water scarcity and contribute to the development of sustainable groundwater management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Verma
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India.
| | | | - Manjari Manisha
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shwetha Jayakumar
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | | | | | - Lakshminarayana Rao
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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Corline NJ, Bellido-Leiva F, Alarcon A, Dahlgren R, Van Nieuwenhuyse EE, Beakes M, Lusardi RA. Reservoir-derived subsidies provide a potential management opportunity for novel river ecosystems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118852. [PMID: 37647732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems world-wide are being irreversibly altered, suggesting that new and innovative management strategies are necessary to improve ecosystem function and sustainability. In river ecosystems degraded by dams environmental flows and selective withdrawal (SWD) infrastructure have been used to improve habitat for native species. Yet, few studies have quantified nutrient and food web export subsidies from upstream reservoirs, despite their potential to subsidize downstream riverine food webs. We sampled nutrient, phytoplankton, and zooplankton concentrations in outflows from the Shasta-Keswick reservoir complex in Northern California over a 12-month period to understand how SWD operation and internal reservoir conditions interact to influence subsidies to the Sacramento River. We found that nutrients, phytoplankton, and zooplankton were continuously exported from Shasta Reservoir to the Sacramento River and that gate operations at Shasta Dam were important in controlling exports. Further, our results indicate that gate operations and water-export depth strongly correlated with zooplankton community exports, whereas internal reservoir conditions (mixing and residence time) controlled concentrations of exported zooplankton biomass and chlorophyll a. These results demonstrate that reservoirs can be an important source of nutrient and food web subsidies and that selective withdrawal infrastructure may provide a valuable management tool to control ecosystem-level productivity downstream of dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Corline
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA; Center for Watershed Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Francisco Bellido-Leiva
- Center for Watershed Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Adriana Alarcon
- Center for Watershed Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Randy Dahlgren
- Center for Watershed Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | | | - Michael Beakes
- U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Bay Delta Office, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA
| | - Robert A Lusardi
- Center for Watershed Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Department of Wildlife, Fish, And Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, 95616, USA
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Joint Spatial Modeling of Nutrients and Their Ratio in the Sediments of Lake Balaton (Hungary): A Multivariate Geostatistical Approach. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication, water quality, and environmental status of lakes is a global issue that depends not only on external loadings from industrial, agricultural, and municipal sources but often also on internal loadings from lake sediments. In the latter case, in addition to the quality and quantity of nutrients stored in sediments, their relative content may be an important factor. In the example of Lake Balaton, we jointly modeled the spatial distribution of the nutrients nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and their ratio (i.e., N:P) in the sediments of the lake and then provided spatial predictions at different scales (i.e., point, basin, and entire lake) with the associated uncertainty. Our aim was to illustrate the merits of applying multivariate geostatistics when spatial modeling of more than one variable is targeted at various scales in water ecosystems. Variography confirmed that there is a spatial interdependence between the nutrients. The results revealed that multivariate geostatistics allows this interdependence to be taken into account and exploited to provide coherent and accurate spatial models. Additionally, stochastic realizations, reproducing the joint spatial variability, can be generated that allow providing spatially aggregated predictions with the associated uncertainty at various scales. Our study highlighted that it is worthy of applying multivariate geostatistics in case spatial modeling of two or more variables, which jointly vary in space, is targeted in water ecosystems.
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