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Amin MN, Khan K, Javed MF, Ewais DYZ, Qadir MG, Faraz MI, Alam MW, Alabdullah AA, Imran M. Forecasting Compressive Strength of RHA Based Concrete Using Multi-Expression Programming. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113808. [PMID: 35683107 PMCID: PMC9181226 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Rice husk ash (RHA) is a significant pollutant produced by agricultural sectors that cause a malignant outcome to the environment. To encourage the re-use of RHA, this work used multi expression programming (MEP) to construct an empirical model for forecasting the compressive nature of concrete made with RHA (CRHA) as a cement substitute. Thus, the compressive strength of CRHA was developed comprising of 192 findings from the broad and trustworthy database obtained from literature review. The most significant characteristics, namely the specimen’s age, the percentage of RHA, the amount of cement, superplasticizer, aggregates, and the amount of water, were used as input for the modeling of CRHA. External validation, sensitivity analysis, statistical checks, and Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) analysis were used to evaluate the models’ performance. It was discovered that the most significant factors impacting the compressive strength of CRHA are the age of the concrete sample (AS), the amount of cement (C) and the amount of aggregate (A). The findings of this study have the potential to increase the re-use of RHA in the production of green concrete, hence promoting environmental protection and financial gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nasir Amin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (K.K.); (A.A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-13-589-5431; Fax: +966-13-581-7068
| | - Kaffayatullah Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (K.K.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Muhammad Faisal Javed
- Department of Civil Engineering, Abbottabad Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan;
| | - Dina Yehia Zakaria Ewais
- Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Muhammad Ghulam Qadir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Abbottabad Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Iftikhar Faraz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mir Waqas Alam
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Anas Abdulalim Alabdullah
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (K.K.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Muhammad Imran
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
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Abstract
Access to freshwater for rural populations is increasingly difficult worldwide. Even in coastal regions with abundantly available seawater, this is not suitable to meet the population’s basic needs. Desalination with solar stills represents a simple, inexpensive, and accessible alternative to obtaining freshwater. This research shows the results obtained with a mathematical model of a single slope solar still proposed by Dunkle, compared with experimental data. Field experiments were carried out in the coastal zone of the Gulf of Mexico to validate the mathematical model. Different operating parameters of the solar still and their performance depending on climatic variations of the study site were studied. The average yield of distilled water was 1.57 L/m2 d.
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