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Huang M, Li W, Hu C, Wu J, Wang H, Fu G, Shaaban M, Li Y, Li G. Coupled one-off alternate furrow irrigation with nitrogen topdressing at jointing optimizes soil nitrate-N distribution and wheat nitrogen productivity in dryland. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1372385. [PMID: 38872879 PMCID: PMC11175656 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1372385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The judicious management of water and nitrogen (N) is pivotal for augmenting crop productivity and N use efficiency, while also mitigating environmental concerns. With the advent of the High-Farmland Construction Program in China, one-off irrigation has become feasible for most dryland fields, presenting a novel opportunity to explore the synergistic strategies of water and N management. This study delves into the impact of one-off alternate furrow irrigation (AFI) and topdressing N fertilizer (TN) on soil nitrate-N distribution, and N productivity-including plant N accumulation, translocation, and allocation, and grain yield, protein content, N use efficiency of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. Experimental treatments administered at the jointing stage comprised of two irrigation methods-every (EFI) and alternative (AFI) furrow irrigation at 75 mm, and two topdressing N rates-0 (NTN) and 60 (TN) kg N ha-1. Additionally, a conventional local farmer practice featuring no irrigation and no topdressing N (NINTN) was served as control. Compared to NINTN, EFINTN substantially increased aboveground N accumulation, grain yield, and protein yield, albeit with a reduction in grain protein content by 8.1%-10.6%. AFI, in turn, led to higher nitrate-N accumulation in the 60-160 cm soil depth at booting and anthesis, but diminished levels at maturity, resulting in a significant surge in N accumulation from anthesis to maturity and its contribution to grain, N fertilizer partial factor productivity (PFPN), and N uptake efficiency (NUPE), thereby promoting grain yield by 9.9% and preserving grain protein content. Likewise, TN enhanced soil nitrate-N at key growth stages, reflected in marked improvements in N accumulation both from booting to anthesis and from anthesis to maturity, as well as in grain yield, protein content, and protein yield. The combination of AFI and TN (AFITN) yielded the highest grain yield, protein content, with PFPN, NUPE, and N internal efficiency outstripping those of EFINTN, but not AFINTN. In essence, one-off AFI coupled with TN at the jointing stage is a promising strategy for optimizing soil nitrate-N and enhancing wheat N productivity in dryland where one-off irrigation is assured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Huang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Wenna Li
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Chuan Hu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jinzhi Wu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Hezheng Wang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Guozhan Fu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Muhammad Shaaban
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Youjun Li
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Huang-Huai-Hai Smart Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Agricultural Information Technology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
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2
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Lu Y, Gao L, Hu J, Liu X, Jiang D, Cao W, Dai T, Tian Z. Low nitrogen priming improves nitrogen uptake and assimilation adaptation to nitrogen deficit stress in wheat seedling. PLANTA 2024; 259:107. [PMID: 38554244 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Early-stage low nitrogen priming promotes root growth and delays leaf senescence through gene expression, enhancing nitrogen absorption and assimilation in wheat seedlings, thereby alleviating growth inhibition under nitrogen deficit stress and supporting normal seedling development. Verifying the strategies to reduce the amount of nitrogen (N) fertilizer while maintaining high crop yields is important for improving crop N use efficiency (NUE) and protecting the environment. To determine whether low N (LN) priming (LNP) can alleviate the impact of N-deficit stress on the growth of wheat seedlings and improve their tolerance to N-deficit stress, we conducted hydroponic experiments using two wheat cultivars, Yangmai 158 (YM158, LN tolerant) and Zaoyangmai (ZYM, LN sensitive) to study the effects of LNP on wheat seedlings under N-deficit stress. N-deficit stress decreased the plant dry weight, leaf area, and leaf N content (LNC), while LNP could significantly reduce this reduction. Distinct sensitivities to N-deficit stress were observed between the wheat cultivars, with ZYM showing an early decrease in leaf N content compared to YM158, which exhibited a late-stage reduction. LNP promoted root growth, expanded N uptake area, and upregulated the expression of TaNRT1.1, TaNRT2.1, and TaNRT2.2 in wheat seedlings, suggesting that LNP can enhance root N uptake capacity to increase N accumulation in plants. In addition, LNP improved the activity of glutamine synthase (GS) to enhance the capacity of N assimilation of plants. The relative expression of TaGS1 in the lower leaves of priming and stress (PS) was lower than that of no priming and stress (NS) after LNP, indicating that the rate of N transfer from the lower leaves to the upper leaves became slower after LNP, which alleviated the senescence of the lower leaves. The relative expression of TaGS2 was significantly increased, which might be related to the enhanced photorespiratory ammonia assimilation capacity after LNP, which reduced the N loss and maintained higher LNC. Therefore, LNP in the early stage can improve the N absorption and assimilation ability and maintain the normal N supply to alleviate the inhibition of N-deficit stress in wheat seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingbo Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongwei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Středová H, Fukalová P, Chuchma F, Haberle J, Středa T. Nitrates directive restriction: To change or not to change in terms of climate change, that is the question. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170381. [PMID: 38280592 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The positive effect of nitrogen fertilization in agriculture inevitably increases residual nitrogen losses. Water pollution led to legal restrictions of some farm practices within the framework of the Nitrates Directive of the EU. Nevertheless, even several decades later, the situation has not improved significantly. We present a possible science-based explanation of such a state and provide it to farmers and government as a support for environmental management settings. This study aimed to compare an established approach to implementing the Nitrates Directive, specifically the climate-based zoning of nitrogen fertilization restrictions using data from the mid-20th century. We evaluated this approach by juxtaposing the initial climate data with more recent data spanning from 1991 to 2020. Subsequently, we examined this zoning framework from the perspective of the non-vegetative period, characterized by temperatures below 5 °C, which is widely acknowledged as a critical threshold for nitrogen intake by plants. We found out that i) the employed climate-born zoning does not correspond to recent climate data; ii) nonvegetation period is longer than nitrogen fertilization restrictions. Therefore, despite a noteworthy 22 day reduction in the nonvegetation period from 1961/1962 to 2019/2020, we cast doubt on the notion that the period limiting nitrogen fertilizer application should also be shortened, while admitting that there are other abiotic and biotic factors affecting nitrogen behaviour within the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Středová
- Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Fukalová
- Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Chuchma
- Czech Hydrometerological Institute, Kroftova 43, 616 67 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Haberle
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507/73, 161 06 Praha 6, Ruzyně, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Středa
- Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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4
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Khan MIR, Nazir F, Maheshwari C, Chopra P, Chhillar H, Sreenivasulu N. Mineral nutrients in plants under changing environments: A road to future food and nutrition security. THE PLANT GENOME 2023; 16:e20362. [PMID: 37480222 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant nutrition is an important aspect that contributes significantly to sustainable agriculture, whereas minerals enrichment in edible source implies global human health; hence, both strategies need to be bridged to ensure "One Health" strategies. Abiotic stress-induced nutritional imbalance impairs plant growth. In this context, we discuss the molecular mechanisms related to the readjustment of nutrient pools for sustained plant growth under harsh conditions, and channeling the minerals to edible source (seeds) to address future nutritional security. This review particularly highlights interventions on (i) the physiological and molecular responses of mineral nutrients in crop plants under stressful environments; (ii) the deployment of breeding and biotechnological strategies for the optimization of nutrient acquisition, their transport, and distribution in plants under changing environments. Furthermore, the present review also infers the recent advancements in breeding and biotechnology-based biofortification approaches for nutrient enhancement in crop plants to optimize yield and grain mineral concentrations under control and stress-prone environments to address food and nutritional security.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faroza Nazir
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Chirag Maheshwari
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Consumer-Driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Center, Rice Breeding and Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines
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5
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Inal B, Mirzapour M, Tufekci ED, Rustemoglu M, Kaba A, Albalawi MA, Alalawy AI, Sakran M, Alqurashi M, Ditta A. Drought-Induced miRNA Expression Correlated with Heavy Metal, Phenolic Acid, and Protein and Nitrogen Levels in Five Chickpea Genotypes. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:35746-35754. [PMID: 37810661 PMCID: PMC10552140 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a prime stress, drastically affecting plant growth, development, and yield. Plants have evolved various physiological, molecular, and biochemical mechanisms to cope with drought. Investigating specific biochemical pathways related to drought tolerance mechanisms of plants through biotechnology approaches is one of the quickest and most effective strategies for enhancing crop production. Among them, microRNAs (miRNAs) are the principal post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in plants during plant growth under biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, five different chickpea genotypes (İnci, Hasan bey, Arda, Seçkin, and Diyar 95) were grown under normal and drought stress. We recorded the expression levels of microRNAs in these genotypes and found differential expression (miRNA396, miR408, miRNA414, miRNA528, and miRNA1533) under contrasting conditions. Results revealed that miRNA414 and miRNA528 considerably increased in all genotypes under drought stress, and expression levels of miRNA418, miRNA1533, and miRNA396 (except for the Seçkin genotype) were found to be higher under the watered conditions. These genotypes were also investigated for heavy metal, phenolic acid, protein, and nitrogen concentrations under normal and drought stress conditions. The Arda genotype showed a significant increase in nitrogen (5.46%) and protein contents (28.3%), while protein contents were decreased in the Hasan bey and Seçkin genotypes subjected to drought stress. In the case of metals, iron was the most abundant element in all genotypes (İnci = 15.4 ppm, Hasan bey = 29.6 ppm, Seçkin = 37.8 ppm, Arda = 26.3 ppm, and Diyar 95 = 40.8 ppm) under normal conditions. Interestingly, these results were related to miRNA expression in the chickpea genotypes and hint at the regulation of multiple pathways under drought conditions. Overall, the present study will help us to understand the miRNA-mediated regulation of various pathways in chickpea genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behcet Inal
- Faculty
of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Siirt University, Siirt 56100, Turkey
| | - Mohsen Mirzapour
- Faculty
of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Siirt University, Siirt 56100, Turkey
| | - Ebru Derelli Tufekci
- Food
and Agriculture Vocational High School, Department of Field Crops, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri 18100, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Rustemoglu
- Faculty
of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Sirnak University, Sirnak 73000, Turkey
| | - Adem Kaba
- Faculty
of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Siirt University, Siirt 56100, Turkey
| | - Marzough Aziz Albalawi
- Department
of Chemistry, University College at Alwajh, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel I. Alalawy
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Tabuk, Tabuk 73000, Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Sakran
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Tabuk, Tabuk 73000, Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry
Section, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta31527,Egypt
| | - Mohammed Alqurashi
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif
University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir
Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir (U), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18000, Pakistan
- School
of Biological Sciences, The University of
Western Australia, 35
Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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6
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Ren M, Liu S, Mao G, Tang C, Gai P, Guo X, Zheng H, Wang W, Tang Q. Simultaneous Application of Red and Blue Light Regulate Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism, Induces Antioxidant Defense System and Promote Growth in Rice Seedlings under Low Light Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10706. [PMID: 37445882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of light quality on growth, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and antioxidant defense system of rice seedlings. Six light conditions were employed, including white (W), red (R), blue (B), combined LED of R and B at 3:1 (R3B1), combined LED of R and B at 1:1 (R1B1), as well as combined LED of R and B at 1:3 (R1B3). Combined application of red light and blue light could promote the growth of rice seedling leaves and roots under low light stress to varying degrees, increase the photosynthetic area by increasing the leaf area, improve the root characteristics by increasing the root volume, and increase the dry matter accumulation of rice seedlings. In addition, the combination of red light and blue light could increase carbon and nitrogen metabolites in rice seedling leaves, regulate the expression of genes related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism and enzyme activity, and enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity of rice seedlings. These results indicate that red light and blue light directly have synergistic effects which can regulate the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of rice seedlings, promote the morphogenesis of rice seedlings under low light stress, and promote growth, which has never been reported in previous studies. This study is a new discovery in the application of light quality in crop production and provides new avenues to enhance crop stress resistance. However, further study is needed to explore the physio-biochemical and molecular mechanisms of light quality in crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maofei Ren
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shanzhen Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Guiling Mao
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Chengzhu Tang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Panpan Gai
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Huabin Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Weiqin Wang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qiyuan Tang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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7
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Luo J, Yang Z, Zhang F, Li C. Effect of nitrogen application on enhancing high-temperature stress tolerance of tomato plants during the flowering and fruiting stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1172078. [PMID: 37360700 PMCID: PMC10285307 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1172078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application on growth, photosynthetic performance, nitrogen metabolism activities, and fruit quality of tomato plants under high-temperature (HT) stress. Three levels of daily minimum/daily maximum temperature were adopted during the flowering and fruiting stage, namely control (CK; 18°C/28°C), sub-high temperature (SHT; 25°C/35°C), and high-temperature (HT; 30°C/40°C) stress. The levels of nitrogen (urea, 46% N) were set as 0 (N1), 125 (N2), 187.5 (N3), 250 (N4), and 312.5 (N5) kg hm2, respectively, and the duration lasted for 5 days (short-term). HT stress inhibited the growth, yield, and fruit quality of tomato plants. Interestingly, short-term SHT stress improved growth and yield via higher photosynthetic efficiency and nitrogen metabolism whereas fruit quality was reduced. Appropriate nitrogen application can enhance the high-temperature stress tolerance of tomato plants. The maximum net photosynthetic rate (P Nmax), stomatal conductance (g s), stomatal limit value (LS), water-use efficiency (WUE), nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), soluble protein, and free amino acids were the highest in N3, N3, and N2, respectively, for CK, SHT, and HT stress, whereas carbon dioxide concentration (C i), was the lowest. In addition, maximum SPAD value, plant morphology, yield, Vitamin C, soluble sugar, lycopene, and soluble solids occurred at N3-N4, N3-N4, and N2-N3, respectively, for CK, SHT, and HT stress. Based on the principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation, we found that the optimum nitrogen application for tomato growth, yield, and fruit quality was 230.23 kg hm2 (N3-N4), 230.02 kg hm2 (N3-N4), and 115.32 kg hm2 (N2), respectively, at CK, SHT, and HT stress. Results revealed that the high yield and good fruit quality of tomato plants at high temperatures can be maintained by higher photosynthesis, nitrogen efficiency, and nutrients with moderate nitrogen.
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Zhao L, Tang Q, Song Z, Yin Y, Wang G, Li Y. Increasing the yield of drip-irrigated rice by improving photosynthetic performance and enhancing nitrogen metabolism through optimizing water and nitrogen management. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1075625. [PMID: 36909451 PMCID: PMC9997648 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1075625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Drip irrigation under plastic film mulching is an important technique to achieve water-conserving and high-efficiency rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in arid areas, but the grain yield of drip-irrigated rice is much lower than the expected yield (10.9-12.05 t·hm-2) in practical production applications. Therefore, we hope to further understand the photosynthetic physiological mechanism of drip-irrigated rice yield formation by optimizing water and nitrogen management during the growth period and provide a scientific reference for improving yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of drip-irrigated rice in arid areas. In 2020 and 2021, T-43 (a drought-resistant; V1) and Liangxiang-3 (a drought-sensitive cultivar; V2) were cultivated under two water treatments (W1: limited drip irrigation, 10200 m3·hm-2; W2: deficit drip irrigation, 8670 m3·hm-2) and three nitrogen fertilization modes with different ratios of seedling fertilizer:tillering fertilizer:panicle fertilizer:grain fertilizer (N1, 30%:50%:13%:7%; N2, 20%:40%:30%:10%; and N3, 10%:30%:40%:20%). The photosynthetic characteristics, nitrogen metabolism, yield, and NUE were analysed. The results showed that compared with other treatments, the W1N2 resulted in 153.4-930.3% higher glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) contents and 19.2-49.7% higher net photosynthetic rates (P n) in the leaves of the two cultivars at 20 days after heading, as well as higher yields and NUE. The two cultivars showed no significant difference in the physiological changes at the panicle initiation stage, but the P n, abscisic acid (ABA), indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), and zeatin riboside (ZR) levels of V1 were higher than those of V2 by 53.1, 25.1, 21.1, 46.3 and 36.8%, respectively, at 20 days after heading. Hence, V1 had a higher yield and NUE than V2. Principal component analysis revealed that P n and GDH were the most important physiological factors affecting rice yield performance. In summary, the W1N2 treatment simultaneously improved the yield and NUE of the drought-resistant rice cultivar (T-43) by enhancing the photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen transport capacity and coordinating the balance of endogenous hormones (ABA, IAA, GA3, and ZR) in the leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qingyun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhiwen Song
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yongan Yin
- Xinjiang Tianye Group Ltd., Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Institute of Farmland Water Conservancy and Soil-Fertilizer, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Science or Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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9
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Chaudhary S, Devi P, HanumanthaRao B, Jha UC, Sharma KD, Prasad PVV, Kumar S, Siddique KHM, Nayyar H. Physiological and Molecular Approaches for Developing Thermotolerance in Vegetable Crops: A Growth, Yield and Sustenance Perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:878498. [PMID: 35837452 PMCID: PMC9274134 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.878498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables are a distinct collection of plant-based foods that vary in nutritional diversity and form an important part of the healthy diet of the human being. Besides providing basic nutrition, they have great potential for boosting human health. The balanced consumption of vegetables is highly recommended for supplementing the human body with better nutrition density, dietary fiber, minerals, vitamins, and bioactive compounds. However, the production and quality of fresh vegetables are influenced directly or indirectly by exposure to high temperatures or heat stress (HS). A decline in quality traits and harvestable yield are the most common effects of HS among vegetable crops. Heat-induced morphological damage, such as poor vegetative growth, leaf tip burning, and rib discoloration in leafy vegetables and sunburn, decreased fruit size, fruit/pod abortion, and unfilled fruit/pods in beans, are common, often rendering vegetable cultivation unprofitable. Further studies to trace down the possible physiological and biochemical effects associated with crop failure reveal that the key factors include membrane damage, photosynthetic inhibition, oxidative stress, and damage to reproductive tissues, which may be the key factors governing heat-induced crop failure. The reproductive stage of plants has extensively been studied for HS-induced abnormalities. Plant reproduction is more sensitive to HS than the vegetative stages, and affects various reproductive processes like pollen germination, pollen load, pollen tube growth, stigma receptivity, ovule fertility and, seed filling, resulting in poorer yields. Hence, sound and robust adaptation and mitigation strategies are needed to overcome the adverse impacts of HS at the morphological, physiological, and biochemical levels to ensure the productivity and quality of vegetable crops. Physiological traits such as the stay-green trait, canopy temperature depression, cell membrane thermostability, chlorophyll fluorescence, relative water content, increased reproductive fertility, fruit numbers, and fruit size are important for developing better yielding heat-tolerant varieties/cultivars. Moreover, various molecular approaches such as omics, molecular breeding, and transgenics, have been proved to be useful in enhancing/incorporating tolerance and can be potential tools for developing heat-tolerant varieties/cultivars. Further, these approaches will provide insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms that govern thermotolerance and pave the way for engineering "designer" vegetable crops for better health and nutritional security. Besides these approaches, agronomic methods are also important for adaptation, escape and mitigation of HS protect and improve yields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poonam Devi
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bindumadhava HanumanthaRao
- World Vegetable Center, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Greater Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
- Marri Channa Reddy Foundation (MCRF), Hyderabad, India
| | - Uday Chand Jha
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Kamal Dev Sharma
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, India
| | - P. V. Vara Prasad
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Shiv Kumar
- International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The University of Western Australia Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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