Phenotypic and Gene Expression Profiles of Embryo Development of the Ascidian Ciona robusta Exposed to Dispersants

Current knowledge of approval procedures of dispersant use at sea: looking for potential harmonization from global to Mediterranean scale

Dispersants are approved for use in many countries (UK, South Korea, Australia, Egypt, France, Greece, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Norway, Singapore, Spain, Thailand, and several coastal African, South American, and Middle Eastern countries). Here, the protocols of the most advanced (France, Norway, UK, Spain, Greece, Italy, USA, and Australia) are compared for identifying possible harmonization of approval procedures. Pre-toxicity testing, recognized oil datasets, common thresholds, standardized protocols, zoning, and monitoring are some of the aspects that can be discussed between countries.