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Mayorga-Burrezo P, Mayorga-Martinez CC, Kuchař M, Pumera M. Methamphetamine Removal from Aquatic Environments by Magnetic Microrobots with Cyclodextrin Chiral Recognition Elements. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306943. [PMID: 38239086 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The growing consumption of drugs of abuse together with the inefficiency of the current wastewater treatment plants toward their presence has resulted in an emergent class of pollutants. Thus, the development of alternative approaches to remediate this environmental threat is urgently needed. Microrobots, combining autonomous motion with great tunability for the development of specific tasks, have turned into promising candidates to take on the challenge. Here, hybrid urchin-like hematite (α-Fe2O3) microparticles carrying magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and surface functionalization with organic β-cyclodextrin (CD) molecules are prepared with the aim of on-the-fly encapsulation of illicit drugs into the linked CD cavities of moving microrobots. The resulting mag-CD microrobots are tested against methamphetamine (MA), proving their ability for the removal of this psychoactive substance. A dramatically enhanced capture of MA from water with active magnetically powered microrobots when compared with static passive CD-modified particles is demonstrated. This work shows the advantages of enhanced mass transfer provided by the externally controlled magnetic navigation in microrobots that together with the versatility of their design is an efficient strategy to clean polluted waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mayorga-Burrezo
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, Brno, CZ-616 00, Czech Republic
| | - Carmen C Mayorga-Martinez
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, Brno, CZ-616 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, Prague, 128 08, Czech Republic
- Advanced Nanorobots & Multiscale Robotics Lab, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17 listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava, 70800, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
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Evaluation of a Microbial Consortium and Selection of a Support in an Anaerobic Reactor Directed to the Bio-Treatment of Wastewater of the Textile Industry. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The dyeing processes of the textile industry generate waste products such as unfixed dyes, phenolic surfactants and heavy metals. These constitute an environmental problem for the bodies receiving their wastewater due to the interruption of the lighting in the aquatic environment and the release of toxic molecules by the decomposition of the dyes. There are several treatment methods, of which biological methods are the most feasible. In the current study, the I5-ESPE microbial consortium was obtained and evaluated on the components of textile wastewater, in addition to the selection of a support for an anaerobic reactor that is directed to the treatment of effluents from the textile industry. Two microbial consortia were achieved by exposure to air in Pseudomonas culture medium modified with direct dyes Red 23 and Blue 106, evaluating their removal capacity of the reactive dyes Navy 171, Red 141 and Yellow 84. The consortium I5-ESPE was selected for its greatest action, yielding approximately 95% removal. Its tolerance to phenol was also determined; we reached 98% removal of chromium(VI) and 67% of total chromium under anaerobic conditions and some 25% zinc in aerobiosis. The reduction in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was evaluated with (57.03%) and without (31.47%) aeration. The species Staphylococcus xylosus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis were identified prior to treatment of textile wastewater, as well as Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus megaterium after treatment. Bacillus subtilis was present throughout the process. We evaluated coconut shell as a support for an anaerobic reactor, and it demonstrated better physical characteristics than plastic and common rock, in addition to similar results in the reduction in COD of 50%, volatile suspended solids of 2545.46 mg/L and total suspended solids of 282.82 mg/L.
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