1
|
Yévenes M, Gallardo-Escárate C, Gajardo G. Epigenetic variation mediated by lncRNAs accounts for adaptive genomic differentiation of the endemic blue mussel Mytiluschilensis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23695. [PMID: 38205306 PMCID: PMC10776947 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic variation affects gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence of genes controlling ecologically relevant phenotypes through different mechanisms, one of which is long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). This study identified and evaluated the gene expression of lncRNAs in the gill and mantle tissues of Mytilus chilensis individuals from two ecologically different sites: Cochamó (41°S) and Yaldad (43°S), southern Chile, both impacted by climatic-related conditions and by mussel farming given their use as seedbeds. Sequences identified as lncRNAs exhibited tissue-specific differences, mapping to 3.54 % of the gill transcriptome and 1.96 % of the mantle transcriptome, representing an average of 2.76 % of the whole transcriptome. Using a high fold change value (≥|100|), we identified 43 and 47 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) in the gill and mantle tissue of individuals sampled from Cochamó and 21 and 17 in the gill and mantle tissue of individuals sampled from Yaldad. Location-specific DE-lncRNAs were also detected in Cochamó (65) and Yaldad (94) samples. Via analysis of the differential expression of neighboring protein-coding genes, we identified enriched GO terms related to metabolic, genetic, and environmental information processing and immune system functions, reflecting how the impact of local ecological conditions may influence the M. chilensis (epi)genome expression. These DE-lncRNAs represent complementary biomarkers to DNA sequence variation for maintaining adaptive differences and phenotypic plasticity to cope with natural and human-driven perturbations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Yévenes
- Laboratorio de Genética, Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Cristian Gallardo-Escárate
- Centro Interdisciplinario para la Investigación en Acuicultura, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Gajardo
- Laboratorio de Genética, Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Contino M, Ferruggia G, Indelicato S, Pecoraro R, Scalisi EM, Salvaggio A, Brundo MV. Polystyrene Nanoplastics in Aquatic Microenvironments Affect Sperm Metabolism and Fertilization of Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamark, 1819). TOXICS 2023; 11:924. [PMID: 37999576 PMCID: PMC10675086 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The continuous and unregulated discharge of wastes and pollutants into the aquatic environment has required constant monitoring of the risks incurred by aquatic ecosystems. Alarmism arises from plastic pollution as larger artifacts release nanoscale fragments that can contact free-living stages such as gametes, embryos, and larvae. Specifically, the interaction between spermatozoa, released in water in externally fertilizing species, and the surrounding microenvironment is essential for successful fertilization. Activation and kinematics of movement, proper maintenance of ionic balance, and chemotactism are processes highly sensitive to even minimal perturbations caused by pollutants such as polystyrene nanoplastics. Spermatozoa of Mytilus galloprovincialis (M. galloprovincialis), an excellent ecotoxicological model, undergo structural (plasma membrane ruptures, DNA damage) and metabolic (reduced motility, fertilizing capacity) damage upon exposure to 50 nm amino-modified polystyrene nanoplastics (nPS-NH2). Nanoplastics of larger diameter (100 nm) did not affect sperm parameters. The findings highlighted the negative impact that plastic pollution, related to nanoparticle diameter and concentration, could have on sperm quality and reproductive potential of organisms, altering the equilibrium of aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Contino
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.F.); (S.I.); (R.P.); (E.M.S.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Greta Ferruggia
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.F.); (S.I.); (R.P.); (E.M.S.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Stefania Indelicato
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.F.); (S.I.); (R.P.); (E.M.S.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Roberta Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.F.); (S.I.); (R.P.); (E.M.S.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Elena Maria Scalisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.F.); (S.I.); (R.P.); (E.M.S.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Antonio Salvaggio
- Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Maria Violetta Brundo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.F.); (S.I.); (R.P.); (E.M.S.); (M.V.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bordalo D, Cuccaro A, Meucci V, De Marchi L, Soares AMVM, Pretti C, Freitas R. Will warmer summers increase the impact of UV filters on marine bivalves? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162108. [PMID: 36773902 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Marine organisms are constantly exposed to multiple stressors including pollutants released into the environment, such as personal care products (PCPs), and climate change-derived factors, namely warming, which are aggravated by anthropogenic drivers and pose increasing pressure on coastal ecosystems. Avobenzone (AVO) is one of the most used ultraviolet (UV) filters in PCPs which have been increasingly used and, thereby, identified in aquatic environments. However, data regarding the influence of warming on the impacts caused by AVO in bivalves is lacking. Mussels are considered good bioindicators thus being often employed in ecotoxicology studies. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of an environmentally relevant concentration of AVO (0.5 μg/L) and warming (21 °C), acting alone or in combination, on sperm and adults of the Mediterranean mussel species Mytilus galloprovincialis, through in vitro and in vivo tests, respectively. AVO and warming effects were evaluated by assessing oxidative status, viability, genotoxicity, motility, and kinetics in sperm, together with the quantification of energy content, metabolic capacity, biological defence mechanisms, cellular damage, and neurotoxicity in adults. AVO induced genotoxicity and increased respiration rate in sperm while enhancing the biotransformation enzymes' activity in adults. Exposure to warming led to an increase in respiration rate, ROS overproduction, cellular damage, and viability decrease in sperm whereas metabolic capacity increased in adults. AVO combined with warming caused oxidative stress, cellular damage, genotoxicity, and decreased motility in sperm, while only antioxidant enzymes' activity was enhanced in adults. Overall, the present study demonstrated that when acting in combination the effects of both stressors were more prominent. Furthermore, considering the multiple-stressor scenario tested, major toxic effects occurred in male gametes in comparison to adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bordalo
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Alessia Cuccaro
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122, San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
| | - Valentina Meucci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122, San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
| | - Lucia De Marchi
- Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci", 57128 Livorno, Italy
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122, San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy; Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci", 57128 Livorno, Italy
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mussels Repair Shell Damage despite Limitations Imposed by Ocean Acidification. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bivalves frequently withstand shell damage that must be quickly repaired to ensure survival. While the processes that underlie larval shell development have been extensively studied within the context of ocean acidification (OA), it remains unclear whether shell repair is impacted by elevated pCO2. To better understand the stereotypical shell repair process, we monitored mussels (Mytilus edulis) with sublethal shell damage that breached the mantle cavity within both field and laboratory conditions to characterize the deposition rate, composition, and integrity of repaired shell. Results were then compared with a laboratory experiment wherein mussels (Mytilus trossulus) repaired shell damage in one of seven pCO2 treatments (400–2500 µatm). Shell repair proceeded through distinct stages; an organic membrane first covered the damaged area (days 1–15), followed by the deposition of calcite crystals (days 22–43) and aragonite tablets (days 51–69). OA did not impact the ability of mussels to close drill holes, nor the microstructure, composition, or integrity of end-point repaired shell after 10 weeks, as measured by µCT and SEM imaging, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and mechanical testing. However, significant interactions between pCO2, the length of exposure to treatment conditions, the strength and inorganic content of shell, and the physiological condition of mussels within OA treatments were observed. These results suggest that while OA does not prevent adult mussels from repairing or mineralizing shell, both OA and shell damage may elicit stress responses that impose energetic constraints on mussel physiology.
Collapse
|
5
|
Transcriptional changes revealed water acidification leads to the immune response and ovary maturation delay in the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 39:100868. [PMID: 34171686 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, due to increasing carbon dioxide released, water acidification poses a series of serious impacts on aquatic organisms. To evaluate the effects of water acidification on crustaceans, we focused on the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis, which is a spawning migration and farmed species in China. Based on histological and oocyte transparent liquid observation, we found that the acidified environment significantly delayed the ovarian maturation of E. sinensis. Moreover, RNA-seq was applied to obtain gene expression profile from the crab's gills and ovaries in response to acidified environment. Compared with control groups, a total of 5471 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in acidified gills and 485 DEGs were identified in acidified ovaries. Enrichment analysis indicated that some pathways also responded to the acidified environment, such as PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Chemokine signaling pathway, apoptosis, and toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Subsequently, some DEGs involved in immune response (ALF, Cathepsin A, HSP70, HSP90, and catalase) and ovarian maturation (Cyclin B, Fem-1a, Fem-1b, and Fem-1c) were selected to further validate the influence of water acidification on gene expression by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the expression level of immune-related genes was significantly increased to response to the water acidification, while the ovarian maturation-related genes were significantly decreased. Overall, our data suggested that E. sinensis was sensitive to the reduced pH. This comparative transcriptome also provides valuable molecular information on the mechanisms of the crustaceans responding to acidified environment.
Collapse
|
6
|
Martins M, Carreiro-Silva M, Martins GM, Barcelos E Ramos J, Viveiros F, Couto RP, Parra H, Monteiro J, Gallo F, Silva C, Teodósio A, Guilini K, Hall-Spencer JM, Leitão F, Chícharo L, Range P. Ervilia castanea (Mollusca, Bivalvia) populations adversely affected at CO 2 seeps in the North Atlantic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142044. [PMID: 33254890 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sites with naturally high CO2 conditions provide unique opportunities to forecast the vulnerability of coastal ecosystems to ocean acidification, by studying the biological responses and potential adaptations to this increased environmental variability. In this study, we investigated the bivalve Ervilia castanea in coastal sandy sediments at reference sites and at volcanic CO2 seeps off the Azores, where the pH of bottom waters ranged from average oceanic levels of 8.2, along gradients, down to 6.81, in carbonated seawater at the seeps. The bivalve population structure changed markedly at the seeps. Large individuals became less abundant as seawater CO2 levels rose and were completely absent from the most acidified sites. In contrast, small bivalves were most abundant at the CO2 seeps. We propose that larvae can settle and initially live in high abundances under elevated CO2 levels, but that high rates of post-settlement dispersal and/or mortality occur. Ervilia castanea were susceptible to elevated CO2 levels and these effects were consistently associated with lower food supplies. This raises concerns about the effects of ocean acidification on the brood stock of this species and other bivalve molluscs with similar life history traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martins
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental - Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marina Carreiro-Silva
- IMAR - Instituto do Mar & OKEANOS Research Unit, Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | | | | | - Fátima Viveiros
- Research Institute for Volcanology and Risk Assessment, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Ruben P Couto
- cE3c - Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Hugo Parra
- IMAR - Instituto do Mar & OKEANOS Research Unit, Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - João Monteiro
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Francesca Gallo
- IITAA - University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Catarina Silva
- Research Institute for Volcanology and Risk Assessment, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal; Center for Information and Seismovolcanic Surveillance of the Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Teodósio
- Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Katja Guilini
- Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Jason M Hall-Spencer
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom; Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Francisco Leitão
- Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Pedro Range
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lymbery RA, Evans JP, Kennington WJ. Post-ejaculation thermal stress causes changes to the RNA profile of sperm in an external fertilizer. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20202147. [PMID: 33171088 PMCID: PMC7735278 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm cells experience considerable post-ejaculation environmental variation. However, little is known about whether this affects their molecular composition, probably owing to the assumption that sperm are transcriptionally quiescent. Nevertheless, recent evidence shows sperm have distinct RNA profiles that affect fertilization and embryo viability. Moreover, RNAs are expected to be highly sensitive to extracellular changes. One such group of RNAs are heat shock protein (hsp) transcripts, which function in stress responses and are enriched in sperm. Here, we exploit the experimental tractability of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis by exposing paired samples of ejaculated sperm to ambient (19°C) and increased (25°C) temperatures, then measure (i) sperm motility phenotypes, and (ii) messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of two target genes (hsp70 and hsp90) and several putative reference genes. We find no phenotypic changes in motility, but reduced mRNA levels for hsp90 and the putative reference gene gapdh at 25°C. This could reflect either decay of specific RNAs, or changes in translation and degradation rates of transcripts to maintain sperm function under stress. These findings represent, to our knowledge, the first evidence for changes in sperm RNA profiles owing to post-ejaculation environments, and suggest that sperm may be more vulnerable to stress from rising temperatures than currently thought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rowan A. Lymbery
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gallo A, Esposito MC, Cuccaro A, Buia MC, Tarallo A, Monfrecola V, Tosti E, Boni R. Adult exposure to acidified seawater influences sperm physiology in Mytilus galloprovincialis: Laboratory and in situ transplant experiments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:115063. [PMID: 32806401 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing increase of CO2 in the atmosphere is inducing a progressive lowering of marine water pH that is predicted to decrease to 7.8 by the end of this century. In marine environment, physical perturbation may affect reproduction, which is crucial for species' survival and strictly depends on gamete quality. The effects of seawater acidification (SWAc) on gamete quality of broadcast spawning marine invertebrates result largely from experiments of gamete exposure while the SWAc impact in response to adult exposure is poorly investigated. Performing microcosm and in field experiments at a naturally acidified site, we investigated the effects of adult SWAc exposure on sperm quality parameters underlying fertilization in Mytilus galloprovincialis. These animals were exposed to pH 7.8 over 21 days and collected at different times to analyze sperm parameters as concentration, motility, viability, morphology, oxidative status, intra- and extra-cellular pH and mitochondrial membrane potential. Results obtained in the two experimental approaches were slightly different. Under field conditions, we found an increase in total sperm motility and mitochondrial membrane potential on days 7 and 14 from the start of SWAc exposure whereas, in microcosm, SWAc group showed an increase of total motility on day 14. In addition, sperm morphology and intracellular pH were affected in both experimental approaches; whereas oxidative stress was detected only in spermatozoa collected from mussels under natural SWAc. The overall analysis suggests that, in mussels, SWAc toxic mechanism in spermatozoa does not involve oxidative stress. This study represents the first report on mussel sperm quality impairment after adult SWAc exposure, which may affect fertilization success with negative ecological and economic consequences; it also indicates that, although naturally acidified areas represent ideal natural laboratories for investigating the impact of ocean acidification, microcosm experiments are necessary for examining action mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gallo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Consiglia Esposito
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Cuccaro
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Buia
- Center of Villa Dohrn Ischia - Benthic Ecology, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, P.ta S. Pietro, Ischia, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Tarallo
- Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monfrecola
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tosti
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Boni
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chirgwin E, Marshall DJ, Monro K. Physical and physiological impacts of ocean warming alter phenotypic selection on sperm morphology. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evatt Chirgwin
- Centre for Geometric Biology/School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic Australia
| | - Dustin J. Marshall
- Centre for Geometric Biology/School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic Australia
| | - Keyne Monro
- Centre for Geometric Biology/School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lymbery RA, Kennington WJ, Cornwall CE, Evans JP. Ocean acidification during prefertilization chemical communication affects sperm success. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:12302-12310. [PMID: 31832161 PMCID: PMC6854328 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) poses a major threat to marine organisms, particularly during reproduction when externally shed gametes are vulnerable to changes in seawater pH. Accordingly, several studies on OA have focused on how changes in seawater pH influence sperm behavior and/or rates of in vitro fertilization. By contrast, few studies have examined how pH influences prefertilization gamete interactions, which are crucial during natural spawning events in most externally fertilizing taxa. One mechanism of gamete interaction that forms an important component of fertilization in most taxa is communication between sperm and egg-derived chemicals. These chemical signals, along with the physiological responses in sperm they elicit, are likely to be highly sensitive to changes in seawater chemistry. In this study, we experimentally tested this possibility using the blue mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, a species in which females have been shown to use egg-derived chemicals to promote the success of sperm from genetically compatible males. We conducted trials in which sperm were allowed to swim in gradients of egg-derived chemicals under different seawater CO2 (and therefore pH) treatments. We found that sperm had elevated fertilization rates after swimming in the presence of egg-derived chemicals in low pH (pH 7.6) compared with ambient (pH 8.0) seawater. This observed effect could have important implications for the reproductive fitness of external fertilizers, where gamete compatibility plays a critical role in modulating reproduction in many species. For example, elevated sperm fertilization rates might disrupt the eggs' capacity to avoid fertilizations by genetically incompatible sperm. Our findings highlight the need to understand how OA affects the multiple stages of sperm-egg interactions and to develop approaches that disentangle the implications of OA for female, male, and population fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rowan A. Lymbery
- Centre for Evolutionary BiologySchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
| | - W. Jason Kennington
- Centre for Evolutionary BiologySchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
| | | | - Jonathan P. Evans
- Centre for Evolutionary BiologySchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Falkenberg LJ, Styan CA, Havenhand JN. Sperm motility of oysters from distinct populations differs in response to ocean acidification and freshening. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7970. [PMID: 31138868 PMCID: PMC6538659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Species' responses to climate change will reflect variability in the effects of physiological selection that future conditions impose. Here, we considered the effects of ocean acidification (increases in pCO2; 606, 925, 1250 µatm) and freshening (reductions in salinity; 33, 23, 13 PSU) on sperm motility in oysters (Crassostrea gigas) from two populations (one recently invaded, one established for 60+ years). Freshening reduced sperm motility in the established population, but this was offset by a positive effect of acidification. Freshening also reduced sperm motility in the recently invaded population, but acidification had no effect. Response direction, strength, and variance differed among individuals within each population. For the established population, freshening increased variance in sperm motility, and exposure to both acidification and freshening modified the performance rank of males (i.e. rank motility of sperm). In contrast, for the recently invaded population, freshening caused a smaller change in variance, and male performance rank was broadly consistent across treatments. That inter-population differences in response may be related to environmental history (recently invaded, or established), indicates this could influence scope for selection and adaptation. These results highlight the need to consider variation within and among population responses to forecast effects of multiple environmental change drivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Falkenberg
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University College London, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia. .,Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Craig A Styan
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University College London, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Jon N Havenhand
- Department of Marine Sciences, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, 45296, Strömstad, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kong H, Jiang X, Clements JC, Wang T, Huang X, Shang Y, Chen J, Hu M, Wang Y. Transgenerational effects of short-term exposure to acidification and hypoxia on early developmental traits of the mussel Mytilus edulis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 145:73-80. [PMID: 30833041 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Transgenerational effects of multiple stressors on marine organisms are emerging environmental themes. We thus experimentally tested for transgenerational effects of seawater acidification and hypoxia on the early development traits of the mussel Mytilus edulis. Fertilization rate, embryo deformity rate, and larval shell length were negatively impacted by acidification, while hypoxia had little effect except for increasing deformity rates under control pH conditions. Offspring from low pH/O2 parents were less negatively affected by low pH/O2 conditions than offspring from control parents; however, low pH/O2 conditions still negatively affected developmental traits in offspring from acclimated parents compared to control seawater conditions. Our results demonstrate that experimental seawater acidification and hypoxia can adversely affect early developmental traits of M. edulis and that parental exposure can only partially alleviate these impacts. If experimental observations hold true in nature, it is unlikely that parental exposure will confer larval tolerance to ocean acidification for M. edulis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Kong
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jeff C Clements
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xizhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yueyong Shang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jianfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Youji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Boulais M, Suquet M, Arsenault-Pernet EJ, Malo F, Queau I, Pignet P, Ratiskol D, Le Grand J, Huber M, Cosson J. pH controls spermatozoa motility in the Pacific oyster ( Crassostrea gigas). Biol Open 2018; 7:bio031427. [PMID: 29483075 PMCID: PMC5898264 DOI: 10.1242/bio.031427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating the roles of chemical factors stimulating and inhibiting sperm motility is required to understand the mechanisms of spermatozoa movement. In this study, we described the composition of the seminal fluid (osmotic pressure, pH, and ions) and investigated the roles of these factors and salinity in initiating spermatozoa movement in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas The acidic pH of the gonad (5.82±0.22) maintained sperm in the quiescent stage and initiation of flagellar movement was triggered by a sudden increase of spermatozoa external pH (pHe) when released in seawater (SW). At pH 6.4, percentage of motile spermatozoa was three times higher when they were activated in SW containing 30 mM NH4Cl, which alkalinizes internal pH (pHi) of spermatozoa, compared to NH4Cl-free SW, revealing the role of pHi in triggering sperm movement. Percentage of motile spermatozoa activated in Na+-free artificial seawater (ASW) was highly reduced compared to ASW, suggesting that change of pHi triggering sperm motility was mediated by a Na+/H+ exchanger. Motility and swimming speed were highest in salinities between 33.8 and 42.7‰ (within a range of 0 to 50 ‰), and pH values above 7.5 (within a range of 4.5 to 9.5).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myrina Boulais
- CNRS, UMR 6539 Lemar (UBO-CNRS-IRD-Ifremer), IUEM, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Marc Suquet
- Ifremer, UMR 6539 Lemar (UBO-CNRS-IRD-Ifremer), Site expérimental d'Argenton, Landunvez 29840, France
| | | | - Florent Malo
- Ifremer, UMR 6539 Lemar (UBO-CNRS-IRD-Ifremer), Site expérimental d'Argenton, Landunvez 29840, France
| | - Isabelle Queau
- Ifremer, UMR 6539 Lemar (UBO-CNRS-IRD-Ifremer), Site expérimental d'Argenton, Landunvez 29840, France
| | | | - Dominique Ratiskol
- Ifremer, UMR 6539 Lemar (UBO-CNRS-IRD-Ifremer), Site expérimental d'Argenton, Landunvez 29840, France
| | - Jacqueline Le Grand
- Ifremer, UMR 6539 Lemar (UBO-CNRS-IRD-Ifremer), Site expérimental d'Argenton, Landunvez 29840, France
| | - Matthias Huber
- Ifremer, UMR 6539 Lemar (UBO-CNRS-IRD-Ifremer), Site expérimental d'Argenton, Landunvez 29840, France
| | - Jacky Cosson
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodnany 38925, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Castillo N, Saavedra LM, Vargas CA, Gallardo-Escárate C, Détrée C. Ocean acidification and pathogen exposure modulate the immune response of the edible mussel Mytilus chilensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:149-155. [PMID: 28870859 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) is one of the main consequences of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), impacting key biological processes of marine organisms such as development, growth and immune response. However, there are scarce studies on the influence of OA on marine invertebrates' ability to cope with pathogens. This study evaluated the single and combined effects of OA and bacterial infection on the transcription expression of genes related to antioxidant system, antimicrobial peptides and pattern recognition receptors in the edible mussel Mytilus chilensis. Individuals of M. chilensis were exposed during 60 days at two concentrations of pCO2 (550 and 1200 μatm) representing respectively current and future scenario of OA and were then injected with the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio anguillarum. Results evidenced an immunomodulation following the OA exposure with an up-regulation of C-type Lectin and Mytilin B and a down-regulation of Myticin A and PGRP. This immunomodulation pattern is partially counteracted after challenge with V. anguillarum with a down-regulation of the C-type lectin and Mytilin B and the up-regulation of Myticin A. In turn, these results evidence that pCO2-driven OA scenarios might triggers specific immune-related genes at early stages of infection, promoting the transcription of antimicrobial peptides and patterns recognition receptors. This study provides new evidence of how the immune response of bivalves is modulated by higher CO2 conditions in the ocean, as well one factor for the resilience of marine population upon global change scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Castillo
- Department of Aquatic System, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile; Center for the Study of Multiple-Drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luisa M Saavedra
- Department of Aquatic System, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile; Center for the Study of Multiple-Drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristian A Vargas
- Department of Aquatic System, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile; Center for the Study of Multiple-Drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Millennium Institute of Oceanography (IMO), University of Concepción, Concepcion, Chile
| | | | - Camille Détrée
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ong EZ, Briffa M, Moens T, Van Colen C. Physiological responses to ocean acidification and warming synergistically reduce condition of the common cockle Cerastoderma edule. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 130:38-47. [PMID: 28712827 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The combined effect of ocean acidification and warming on the common cockle Cerastoderma edule was investigated in a fully crossed laboratory experiment. Survival of the examined adult organisms remained high and was not affected by elevated temperature (+3 °C) or lowered pH (-0.3 units). However, the morphometric condition index of the cockles incubated under high pCO2 conditions (i.e. combined warming and acidification) was significantly reduced after six weeks of incubation. Respiration rates increased significantly under low pH, with highest rates measured under combined warm and low pH conditions. Calcification decreased significantly under low pH while clearance rates increased significantly under warm conditions and were generally lower in low pH treatments. The observed physiological responses suggest that the reduced food intake under hypercapnia is insufficient to support the higher energy requirements to compensate for the higher costs for basal maintenance and growth in future high pCO2 waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Z Ong
- Ghent University, Biology Department, Marine Biology Research Group, Krijgslaan 281-S8, B 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Marine Biology & Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - M Briffa
- Marine Biology & Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - T Moens
- Ghent University, Biology Department, Marine Biology Research Group, Krijgslaan 281-S8, B 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Van Colen
- Ghent University, Biology Department, Marine Biology Research Group, Krijgslaan 281-S8, B 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ocean acidification changes the male fitness landscape. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31250. [PMID: 27531458 PMCID: PMC4987666 DOI: 10.1038/srep31250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm competition is extremely common in many ecologically important marine taxa. Ocean acidification (OA) is driving rapid changes to the marine environments in which freely spawned sperm operate, yet the consequences of OA on sperm performance are poorly understood in the context of sperm competition. Here, we investigated the impacts of OA (+1000 μatm pCO2) on sperm competitiveness for the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Males with faster sperm had greater competitive fertilisation success in both seawater conditions. Similarly, males with more motile sperm had greater sperm competitiveness, but only under current pCO2 levels. Under OA the strength of this association was significantly reduced and there were male sperm performance rank changes under OA, such that the best males in current conditions are not necessarily best under OA. Therefore OA will likely change the male fitness landscape, providing a mechanism by which environmental change alters the genetic landscape of marine species.
Collapse
|
17
|
Life under Climate Change Scenarios: Sea Urchins’ Cellular Mechanisms for Reproductive Success. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse4010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
18
|
Boni R, Gallo A, Montanino M, Macina A, Tosti E. Dynamic changes in the sperm quality of Mytilus galloprovincialis under continuous thermal stress. Mol Reprod Dev 2015; 83:162-73. [PMID: 26663619 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is an increasingly serious problem underlying ecological change in marine flora and fauna. Mytilus galloprovincialis is an intertidal species that colonizes coasts in moderate and warm climates, and can thus withstand extreme climatic conditions; however, it successfully reproduces only within a certain temperature range. The effects of prolonged exposure to 28 °C, a temperature unsuitable for breeding activity, on sperm quality were evaluated in this study. Such heat stress induced the following: a significant reduction in concentration; a biphasic pattern of motility and mitochondrial membrane potential that first increased, and then collapsed; a decrease in the intracellular calcium concentration; a rapid increase in lipid peroxidation that was normalized after the third week of heat stress; an increase in DNA fragmentation after the third week of heat stress; and atypical morphology (i.e., sperm with a globular head, asymmetrical tail, and acrosome loss). Currently, these elevated-temperature conditions are achieved along the Mediterranean coast during the late summer, when the reproductive activity of M. galloprovincialis is suspended after massive spawning in the spring. The increasing global temperature, however, may shift their breeding season, thus significantly impacting marine ecosystems and mussel production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Boni
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gallo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Melania Montanino
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Macina
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tosti
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Reinhardt K, Dobler R, Abbott J. An Ecology of Sperm: Sperm Diversification by Natural Selection. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-120213-091611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Using basic ecological concepts, we introduce sperm ecology as a framework to study sperm cells. First, we describe environmental effects on sperm and conclude that evolutionary and ecological research should not neglect the overwhelming evidence presented here (both in external and internal fertilizers and in terrestrial and aquatic habitats) that sperm function is altered by many environments, including the male environment. Second, we determine that the evidence for sperm phenotypic plasticity is overwhelming. Third, we find that genotype-by-environment interaction effects on sperm function exist, but their general adaptive significance (e.g., local adaptation) awaits further research. It remains unresolved whether sperm diversification occurs by natural selection acting on sperm function or by selection on male and female microenvironments that enable optimal plastic performance of sperm (sperm niches). Environmental effects reduce fitness predictability under sperm competition, predict species distributions under global change, explain adaptive behavior, and highlight the role of natural selection in behavioral ecology and reproductive medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Reinhardt
- Applied Zoology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany;,
| | - Ralph Dobler
- Applied Zoology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany;,
| | - Jessica Abbott
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Impact of Ocean Acidification on Marine Organisms—Unifying Principles and New Paradigms. WATER 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/w7105592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
21
|
Li S, Liu C, Huang J, Liu Y, Zheng G, Xie L, Zhang R. Interactive effects of seawater acidification and elevated temperature on biomineralization and amino acid metabolism in the mussel Mytilus edulis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 218:3623-31. [PMID: 26417015 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.126748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Seawater acidification and warming resulting from anthropogenic production of carbon dioxide are increasing threats to marine ecosystems. Previous studies have documented the effects of either seawater acidification or warming on marine calcifiers; however, the combined effects of these stressors are poorly understood. In our study, we examined the interactive effects of elevated carbon dioxide partial pressure (P(CO2)) and temperature on biomineralization and amino acid content in an ecologically and economically important mussel, Mytilus edulis. Adult M. edulis were reared at different combinations of P(CO2) (pH 8.1 and 7.8) and temperature (19, 22 and 25°C) for 2 months. The results indicated that elevated P(CO2) significantly decreased the net calcification rate, the calcium content and the Ca/Mg ratio of the shells, induced the differential expression of biomineralization-related genes, modified shell ultrastructure and altered amino acid content, implying significant effects of seawater acidification on biomineralization and amino acid metabolism. Notably, elevated temperature enhanced the effects of seawater acidification on these parameters. The shell breaking force significantly decreased under elevated P(CO2), but the effect was not exacerbated by elevated temperature. The results suggest that the interactive effects of seawater acidification and elevated temperature on mussels are likely to have ecological and functional implications. This study is therefore helpful for better understanding the underlying effects of changing marine environments on mussels and other marine calcifiers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiguo Li
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingliang Huang
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yangjia Liu
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guilan Zheng
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Evolution of Marine Organisms under Climate Change at Different Levels of Biological Organisation. WATER 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/w6113545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
23
|
Cripps G, Lindeque P, Flynn K. Parental exposure to elevated pCO 2 influences the reproductive success of copepods. JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH 2014; 36:1165-1174. [PMID: 25221371 PMCID: PMC4161228 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbu052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Substantial variations are reported for egg production and hatching rates of copepods exposed to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations (pCO2). One possible explanation, as found in other marine taxa, is that prior parental exposure to elevated pCO2 (and/or decreased pH) affects reproductive performance. Previous studies have adopted two distinct approaches, either (1) expose male and female copepoda to the test pCO2/pH scenarios, or (2) solely expose egg-laying females to the tests. Although the former approach is more realistic, the majority of studies have used the latter approach. Here, we investigated the variation in egg production and hatching success of Acartia tonsa between these two experimental designs, across five different pCO2 concentrations (385-6000 µatm pCO2). In addition, to determine the effect of pCO2 on the hatching success with no prior parental exposure, eggs produced and fertilized under ambient conditions were also exposed to these pCO2 scenarios. Significant variations were found between experimental designs, with approach (1) resulting in higher impacts; here >20% difference was seen in hatching success between experiments at 1000 µatm pCO2 scenarios (2100 year scenario), and >85% at 6000 µatm pCO2. This study highlights the potential to misrepresent the reproductive response of a species to elevated pCO2 dependent on parental exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Cripps
- CSAR, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, West Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Penelope Lindeque
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, West Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Kevin Flynn
- CSAR, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Campbell AL, Mangan S, Ellis RP, Lewis C. Ocean acidification increases copper toxicity to the early life history stages of the polychaete Arenicola marina in artificial seawater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:9745-9753. [PMID: 25033036 DOI: 10.1021/es502739m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The speciation and therefore bioavailability of the common pollutant copper is predicted to increase within the pH range anticipated under near-future ocean acidification (OA), hence the potential exists for copper toxicity to marine organisms to also increase. We investigated the impact of OA (seawater pH values of 7.77 (pCO2 1400 μatm) and 7.47 (pCO2 3000 μatm)) upon copper toxicity responses in early life history stages of the polychaete Arenicola marina and found both synergistic and additive toxicity effects of combined exposures depending on life history stage. The toxicity of copper on sperm DNA damage and early larval survivorship was synergistically increased under OA conditions. Larval survival was reduced by 24% when exposed to both OA and copper combined compared to single OA or copper exposures. Sperm motility was negatively affected by both OA and copper singularly with additive toxicity effects of the two stressors when combined. Fertilization success was also negatively affected by both OA and copper individually, but no additive effects when exposed as combined stressors were present for this stage. These findings add to the growing body of evidence that OA will act to increase the toxicity of copper to marine organisms, which has clear implications for coastal benthic ecosystems suffering chronic metal pollution as pCO2 levels rise and drive a reduction in seawater pH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Campbell
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|