1
|
Elesawy AE, Abulsoud AI, Moustafa HAM, Elballal MS, Sallam AAM, Elazazy O, El-Dakroury WA, Abdel Mageed SS, Abdelmaksoud NM, Midan HM, Shahin RK, Elrebehy MA, Nassar YA, Elazab IM, Elballal AS, Elballal MS, Doghish AS. miRNAs orchestration of testicular germ cell tumors - Particular emphasis on diagnosis, progression and drug resistance. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154612. [PMID: 37327566 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Testicular cancer (TC) is one of the most frequently incident solid tumors in males. A growing prevalence has been documented in developed countries. Although recent advances have made TC an exceedingly treatable cancer, numerous zones in TC care still have divisive treatment decisions. In addition to physical examination and imaging techniques, conventional serum tumor markers have been traditionally used for the diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). Unlike other genital and urinary tract tumors, recent research methods have not been broadly used in TGCTs. Even though several challenges in TC care must be addressed, a dedicated group of biomarkers could be particularly beneficial to help classify patient risk, detect relapse early, guide surgery decisions, and tailor follow-up. Existing tumor markers (Alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotrophin, and lactate dehydrogenase) have limited accuracy and sensitivity when used as diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive markers. At present, microRNAs (miRNA or miR) play a crucial role in the process of several malignancies. The miRNAs exhibit pronounced potential as novel biomarkers since they reveal high stability in body fluids, are easily detected, and are relatively inexpensive in quantitative assays. In this review, we aimed to shed light on the recent novelties in developing microRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic markers in TC and discuss their clinical applications in TC management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Elesawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt.
| | - Hebatallah Ahmed Mohamed Moustafa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Elballal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Al-Aliaa M Sallam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ola Elazazy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Walaa A El-Dakroury
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Sherif S Abdel Mageed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | | | - Heba M Midan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Reem K Shahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elrebehy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Yara A Nassar
- Biology Department, School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M Elazab
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Elballal
- Department of Dentistry, Medical Administration, University of Sadat City Menoufia 32897, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khan T, El-Sockary Y, Hamilton WT, Shephard EA. Recognizing sinonasal cancer in primary care: a matched case-control study using electronic records. Fam Pract 2022; 39:354-359. [PMID: 34871409 PMCID: PMC9155150 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmab153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancers of the nasopharynx, nasal cavity, and accessory sinuses ("sinonasal") are rare in England, with around 750 patients diagnosed annually. There are no specific National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) referral guidelines for these cancers and no primary care research published. OBJECTIVE To identify and quantify clinical features of sinonasal cancer in UK primary care patients. METHODS This matched case-control study used UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) data. Patients were aged ≥40 years with a diagnosis of sinonasal cancer between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2009 and had consulted their GP in the year before diagnosis. Clinical features of sinonasal cancer were analysed using conditional logistic regression. Positive predictive values (PPVs) for single and combined features were calculated. RESULTS In total, 155 cases and 697 controls were studied. Nine symptoms and one abnormal investigation were significantly associated with the cancer: nasal mass; odds ratio, 95 (95% confidence interval 7.0, 1315, P = 0.001); head and neck lumps, 68 (12, 387, P < 0.001); epistaxis, 17 (3.9, 70, P < 0.001); rhinorrhoea, 14 (4.6, 44, P < 0.001); visual disturbance, 12 (2.2, 67, P = 0.004); sinusitis, 7.3 (2.2, 25, P = 0.001); sore throat, 6.0 (2.0, 18, P = 0.001); otalgia, 5.4 (1.6, 18, P = 0.007); headache, 3.6 (1.4, 9.5, P = 0.01); raised white cell count, 8.5 (2.8, 27, P < 0.001). Combined PPVs for epistaxis/rhinorrhoea, epistaxis/sinusitis, and rhinorrhoea/sinusitis were 0.62%. CONCLUSION This is the first primary care study identifying epistaxis, sinusitis, and rhinorrhoea as part of the clinical prodrome of sinonasal cancer. Although no PPVs meet the 3% NICE referral threshold, these results may help clinicians identify who warrants safety-netting and possible specialist referral, potentially reducing the number of advanced-stage diagnoses of sinonasal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Khan
- University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, Magdalen Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Yusera El-Sockary
- University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, Magdalen Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - William T Hamilton
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, College House, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Shephard
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, College House, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rovito MJ, Craycraft M, Adams WB, Maresca M, Saab MM, Cary C, Gooljar C, Martinez S, Abu Zanet R. A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Testicular Cancer Symptom Recognition and Stage of Diagnosis. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221104900. [PMID: 35723132 PMCID: PMC9344164 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221104900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to further explore the relationship between atypical symptom
reporting and stage diagnosis to help develop a clearer defined list of possible
testicular cancer (TC) symptoms that could assist physicians diagnose the
disease earlier. A cross-sectional study was employed to explore possible
associations between TC symptom presentation and stage of diagnosis. An original
40-item survey was distributed among 698 TC survivors to determine the potential
impact of several risk factors, experiences, and behaviors upon diagnosis. This
analysis aimed to explore how certain patient-driven experiences (e.g.,
symptoms, perceptions, and behaviors) could serve as catalysts for seeking
medical care for testicular health concerns. Experiencing hot flashes or having
no symptoms had a positive association with later-stage diagnosis while change
in shape had a significant negative association with later-stage diagnosis.
While the logistic regression model explained relatively low variance in the
data (R2 = .1415), it was statistically significant
(χ2p < .001). Pain (odds ratio [OR] = 1.6524,
p < .05), hot flashes (OR = 5.7893, p
< .01), and no symptoms experienced (OR = 12.4836, p <
.01) were all significant predictors of a more advanced stage diagnosis. The
concern around uncommon/atypical symptoms are that they are indistinct and do
not serve as clear signs that TC is present. However, perhaps in tandem with
other more overt symptoms, their discovery can serve in a more confirmatory role
for a suspect case. If observed with other uncommonly reported symptoms, these
uncommon symptoms could provide another pathway in the TC diagnostic process.
Clinical and patient education is warranted to increase awareness of uncommon TC
symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Rovito
- Testicular Cancer Research Collaborative, Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Wesley B Adams
- Testicular Cancer Research Collaborative, Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Michael Maresca
- Testicular Cancer Research Collaborative, Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Mohamad M Saab
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, Brookfield Health Sciences Complex, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Clint Cary
- Health Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chayna Gooljar
- Testicular Cancer Research Collaborative, Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Sydney Martinez
- Testicular Cancer Research Collaborative, Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Rama Abu Zanet
- Testicular Cancer Research Collaborative, Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Recognising laryngeal cancer in primary care: a large case-control study using electronic records. Br J Gen Pract 2019; 69:e127-e133. [PMID: 30692092 DOI: 10.3399/bjgp19x700997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 1700 people are diagnosed with laryngeal cancer annually in England. Current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines on referral for suspected laryngeal cancer were based on clinical consensus, in the absence of primary care studies. AIM To identify and quantify the primary care features of laryngeal cancer. DESIGN AND SETTING Matched case-control study of patients aged ≥40 years using data from the UK's Clinical Practice Research Datalink. METHOD Clinical features of laryngeal cancer with which patients had presented to their GP in the year before diagnosis were identified and their association with cancer was assessed using conditional logistic regression. Positive predictive values (PPVs) for each clinical feature were calculated for the consulting population aged >60 years. RESULTS In total, 806 patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer between 2000 and 2009 were studied, together with 3559 age-, sex-, and practice-matched controls. Ten features were significantly associated with laryngeal cancer: hoarseness odds ratio [OR] 904 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 277 to 2945); sore throat, first attendance OR 6.2 (95% CI = 3.7 to 10); sore throat, re-attendance OR 7.7 (95% CI = 2.6 to 23); dysphagia OR 6.5 (95% CI = 2.7 to 16); otalgia OR 5.0 (95% CI = 1.9 to 13); dyspnoea, re-attendance OR 4.7 (95% CI = 1.9 to 12); mouth symptoms OR 4.7 (95% CI = 1.8 to 12); recurrent chest infection OR 4.5 (95% CI = 2.4 to 8.5); insomnia OR 2.7 (95% CI = 1.3 to 5.6); and raised inflammatory markers OR 2.5 (95% CI = 1.5 to 4.1). All P-values were <0.01. Hoarseness had the highest individual PPV of 2.7%. Symptom combinations currently not included in NICE guidance were sore throat plus either dysphagia, dyspnoea, or otalgia, for which PPVs were >5%. CONCLUSION These results expand current NICE guidance by identifying new symptom combinations that are associated with laryngeal cancer; they may help GPs to select more appropriate patients for referral.
Collapse
|