1
|
Elfouly T, Alouani A. Harnessing the Heart's Magnetic Field for Advanced Diagnostic Techniques. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:6017. [PMID: 39338762 PMCID: PMC11435997 DOI: 10.3390/s24186017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Heart diseases remain one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating innovative diagnostic methods for early detection and intervention. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a well-known technique for the preliminary diagnosis of heart conditions. However, it can not be used for continuous monitoring due to skin irritation. It is well known that every body organ generates a magnetic field, and the heart generates peak amplitudes of about 10 to 100 pT (measured at a distance of about 3 cm above the chest). This poses challenges to capturing such signals. This paper reviews the different techniques used to capture the heart's magnetic signals along with their limitations. In addition, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the different approaches that use the heart-generated magnetic field to diagnose several heart diseases. This research reveals two aspects. First, as a noninvasive tool, the use of the heart's magnetic field signal can lead to more sensitive advanced heart disease diagnosis tools, especially when continuous monitoring is possible and affordable. Second, its current use is limited due to the lack of accurate, affordable, and portable sensing technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Elfouly
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA
| | - Ali Alouani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ashinze P, Akande E, Bethrand C, Obafemi E, David OOO, Akobe SN, Joyce NO, Izuchukwu OJ, Okoro NP. Artificial intelligence: transforming cardiovascular healthcare in Africa. Egypt Heart J 2024; 76:120. [PMID: 39242425 PMCID: PMC11379677 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-024-00551-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a significant global health concern, are responsible for 13% of all deaths particularly in Africa, where they contribute substantially to the global disease burden, taking several millions of lives globally and annually. Despite advancements in healthcare, the burden of CVDs continues to rise steadily. This comprehensive review critically examines the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) management in Africa. Drawing on a diverse gamut of scholarly literature and empirical evidence, the review assesses the prevalence, impact, and challenges of CVDs in the African context. MAIN BODY The review highlights the potential of AI technologies to revolutionize CVD care, offering insights into its applications in diagnosis, treatment optimization, and remote patient monitoring. It explores existing literature sourced from databases like PUBMED, Scopus and Google Scholar about the current state of AI implementation in African healthcare systems, which are majorly resource-constrained, discussing successes, limitations, and future prospects. The work includes the prevalence and impact of CVDs in Africa, noting the significant public health burden and economic implications. Current challenges in addressing CVDs are outlined, focusing on resource constraints, healthcare system challenges, and socioeconomic factors. Our review takes a dive into AI's role in healthcare, emphasizing its capabilities in disease diagnosis, treatment optimization, and patient monitoring, and presents current applications and case studies of AI in African cardiovascular healthcare. It also addresses the challenges and limitations of implementing AI in this context, such as inadequate infrastructure, lack of high-quality data, and the need for regulatory frameworks. CONCLUSION Our review emphasizes the urgent need for collaborative efforts among policymakers, healthcare providers, and researchers to overcome barriers to AI integration and ensure equitable access to innovative healthcare solutions. By fetching existing research and offering practical recommendations, this review contributes to the academic discourse on AI-driven healthcare interventions in Africa, offering an understanding of the opportunities and challenges in leveraging technology to address pressing public health concerns. It calls for increased research, investment, and collaboration to harness AI's full potential in transforming cardiovascular healthcare in Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ashinze
- Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Eniola Akande
- Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Chukwu Bethrand
- Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Eniola Obafemi
- Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Ngozi Peace Okoro
- Department of Medicine, David Umahi Federal University Teaching Hospital, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jagannatha GNP, Antara IMPS, Kosasih AM, Kamardi S, Pradnyana IWAS. P-wave peak time and P-wave dispersion in surface electrocardiography as initial predictors of new-onset atrial fibrillation in early-onset hypertension. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:137-148. [PMID: 37369850 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in hypertension, and electrophysiological remodelling may contribute to the early stage of the disease. This study aimed to develop electrocardiography (ECG) prediction models on new-onset AF (NAF) in early-onset hypertension (e-HTN). This matched case-control study included primary hypertension patients with onset <5 years defined as e-HTN and without documented AF. Developed NAF was the risk group and non-developed NAF was control group with 1:2 ratio. Group was matched according to age, gender, follow-up time, and duration of hypertension. Parameters of ECG and echocardiography between the groups at the baseline and end of follow-up will be compared. A total of 348 e-HTN with 116 developed NAF during follow-up (60.2 ± 14.5 months) were included. At baseline ECG, duration of QRS (100.84 ms ± 15.69 ms vs 94.80 ms ± 15.68 ms), Pmax (106.75 ms ± 7.93 ms vs 101.77 ms ± 6.78 ms), Pmin (70.24 ms ± 5.59 ms vs 68.17 ms ± 5.61 ms), P-wave dispersion (PD) (36.50 ms ± 5.25 ms vs 33.60 ms ± 5.46 ms), P-wave Peak Time (PWPT) II (62.01 ms ± 3.92 ms vs 54.29 ms ± 6.73 ms), and PWPT V1 (55.31 ms ± 2.89 ms vs 51.24 ms ± 4.05 ms) were significantly higher in developed NAF (all P-value < 0.05). LVMI was also significantly higher in bivariate analysis, but only Pmax, Pmin, PD, PWPT, non-RAAS inhibitor, and uncontrolled hypertension were independently associated with developed NAF. Baseline PWPT II with cut-off ≥57.9 ms and PD ≥ 35.5 ms has high sensitivity and specificity on NAF prediction. In conclusion, baseline PWPT and PD are potential electrophysiological parameters for predicting NAF in e-HTN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - I Made Putra Swi Antara
- Division of Electrophysiology and Cardiac Pacing, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Udayana University/Prof. dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Anastasya Maria Kosasih
- Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Prof. dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Stanly Kamardi
- Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Prof. dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bennett S, Stout M, Ingram TE, Pearce K, Griffiths T, Duckett S, Heatlie G, Thompson P, Tweedie J, Sopala J, Ritzmann S, Victor K, Skipper J, Robinson S, Potter A, Augustine DX, Colebourn CL. Clinical indications and triaging for adult transthoracic echocardiography: a consensus statement by the British Society of Echocardiography in collaboration with British Heart Valve Society. Echo Res Pract 2022; 9:5. [PMID: 35820954 PMCID: PMC9277869 DOI: 10.1186/s44156-022-00003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is widely utilised within many aspects of clinical practice, as such the demand placed on echocardiography services is ever increasing. In an attempt to provide incremental value for patients and standardise patient care, the British Society of Echocardiography in collaboration with the British Heart Valve Society have devised updated guidance for the indications and triaging of adult TTE requests for TTE services to implement into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadie Bennett
- University Hospitals of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 6QG, UK.
| | - Martin Stout
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Keith Pearce
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Simon Duckett
- University Hospitals of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 6QG, UK
| | - Grant Heatlie
- University Hospitals of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 6QG, UK
| | - Patrick Thompson
- Southern Health and Social Care Trust, Craigavon Area Hospital, Portadown, UK
| | - Judith Tweedie
- Southern Health and Social Care Trust, Craigavon Area Hospital, Portadown, UK
| | - Jo Sopala
- British Society of Echocardiography, London, UK
| | - Sarah Ritzmann
- Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust Doncaster Royal Infirmary, Doncaster, UK
| | | | - Judith Skipper
- Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Daniel X Augustine
- Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Falter M, Gruwez H, Young J. The future is more than a digital stethoscope. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. DIGITAL HEALTH 2021; 2:557-558. [PMID: 36713096 PMCID: PMC9707903 DOI: 10.1093/ehjdh/ztab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Falter
- Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Stadsomvaart 11, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Agoralaan gebouw D, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Faculty of Medicine, Naamsestraat 22, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Henri Gruwez
- Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Agoralaan gebouw D, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Faculty of Medicine, Naamsestraat 22, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Schiepse Bos 6, 3600 Genk, Belgium
| | - James Young
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, 9501 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rossouw L, Lalkhen H, Adamson K, Von Pressentin KB. The contribution of family physicians in coordinating care and improving access at district hospitals: The False Bay experience, South Africa. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2021; 13:e1-e4. [PMID: 34797119 PMCID: PMC8661290 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v13i1.3226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This short report describes three family physicians (FP)-led clinical governance interventions to strengthen the care access and coordination in an urban district hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. The actual experiences and their effects on health services are captured here. The report also describes a range of interventions from enhanced access to timely computer tomographic scans to determine definitive care, to creating a local referral forum between levels of care, which resulted in a renewed appreciation for the scope of services and illness burden managed by the district health system and to the establishment of an onsite echocardiology service at the local district hospital to enhance the identified burden of disease of the local community. Each of these interventions were planned and implemented based on local data in partnership with the team members at the different levels of care. By applying an inclusive and distributed leadership style as informed by care access to scarce resources was better coordinated for the local communities served. The importance of the building trusting relationships between FPs and referral hospital colleagues cannot be overemphasised. Family physicians should be integrated and collaborated in the clinical governance platforms across levels of care. The FP’s roles as primary care consultant and clinical governance leader are pivotal in enhancing service delivery efficiency and in providing quality healthcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liezel Rossouw
- Division of Family Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; and, False Bay District Hospital, Metro District Health Services, Western Cape Department of Health, Cape Town, South Africa; and, Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hinton W, Feher M, Munro N, de Lusignan S. Does Renal Function or Heart Failure Diagnosis Affect Primary Care Prescribing for Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes? Diabetes Ther 2020; 11:2169-2175. [PMID: 32671574 PMCID: PMC7434824 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-020-00878-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are a unique class of drugs currently used in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). There are emerging data from cardiovascular outcome trials confirming renal and heart failure benefits of these drugs independent of glucose lowering. By contrast, the current licencing indications of these drugs are mainly limited to their glucose-lowering effects, and not to renal or heart failure benefits. It is therefore timely to ascertain whether the presence of these clinical conditions may influence prescribing choices for patients with T2D. Our aims are to report prescribing of SGLT2is in people with T2D according to their renal function and presence of heart failure. Co-prescribing with diuretics will also be explored. METHODS We will perform a cross-sectional analysis of people with T2D in the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) network. The RCGP RSC includes more than 1500 volunteer practices throughout England and parts of Wales, and a representative sample of over 10 million patients. The proportion of adults with T2D ever prescribed an SGLT2i will be determined. Within this cohort, we will calculate the percentage of SGLT2is prescribed according to renal function, and the proportion of prescriptions in people with co-morbid heart failure, stratified by body mass index categories. The percentage of SGLT2is prescribed as an add-on to a diuretic or following discontinuation of prescribing for a diuretic will also be reported. Multilevel logistic regression will be performed to explore the association between heart failure and renal function, and propensity to prescribe SGLT2is. PLANNED OUTPUTS The study findings will be submitted to a primary care/diabetes-focused conference, and for publication in a peer reviewed journal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Hinton
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Michael Feher
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil Munro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Simon de Lusignan
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC), London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|