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Kabriku PC, Ansah EW, Hagan JE. Positive Status Disclosure and Sexual Risk Behavior Changes among People Living with HIV in the Northern Region of Ghana. Infect Dis Rep 2023; 15:255-266. [PMID: 37218817 DOI: 10.3390/idr15030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate sexual behavior changes adopted by People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) on Antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the Northern Region of Ghana. METHODS We employed a cross-sectional survey with a questionnaire to collect data from 900 clients from 9 major ART centers within the region. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were applied to the data. RESULTS More than 50% of PLHIV on ART use condoms, reduce sexual partners, practice abstinence, reduce unprotected sex with married/regular partners, and avoid casual sex. Fear of others getting to know patients' HIV-positive status (χ2 = 7.916, p = 0.005), stigma (χ2 = 5.201, p = 0.023), and fear of loss of family support (χ2 = 4.211, p = 0.040) significantly predict non-disclosure of HIV-positive status among the participants. Change in sexual behavior is influenced by the following: "to avoid spreading the disease to others" (R2 = 0.043, F (1, 898) = 40.237, p < 0.0005), "to avoid contracting other STIs" (R2 = 0.010, F (1, 898) = 8.937, p < 0.0005), "to live long" (R2 = 0.038, F (1, 898) = 35.816, p < 0.0005), "to hide HIV-positive status" (R2 = 0.038, F (1, 898) = 35.587, p < 0.0005), "to achieve good results from ART treatment" (R2 = 0.005, F (1, 898) = 4. 282, p < 0.05), and "to live a Godly life" (R2 = 0.023, F (1, 898) = 20. 880, p < 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS High self-disclosure rate of HIV-positive status was identified, with participants disclosing to their spouses or parents. Reasons for disclosure and non-disclosure differed from person to person.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward Wilson Ansah
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - John Elvis Hagan
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Neurocognition and Action-Biomechanics-Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Sciences, Bielefeld University, Postfach 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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Than MW, Zaw NT, Minn K, Saw YM, Kiriya J, Jimba M, Win HH, Shibanuma A. Assessing depressive symptoms among people living with HIV in Yangon city, Myanmar: Does being a member of self-help group matter? PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248807. [PMID: 33735312 PMCID: PMC7971502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While self-help groups have been formed among people living with HIV, few studies have been conducted to assess the role of self-help groups in mitigating depressive symptoms. This study investigated the association between self-help group membership and depressive symptoms among people living with HIV in Yangon, Myanmar. Methods In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from people living with HIV at three antiretroviral therapy clinics in 2017. Multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out to examine the associations between having self-help group membership and depressive symptoms. Three ART clinics were purposively selected based on the recommendation from the National AIDS Program in Myanmar. At these clinics, people living with HIV were recruited by a convenience sampling method. Results Among people living with HIV recruited in this study (n = 464), 201 (43.3%) were members of a self-help group. The membership was not associated with having depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98–2.59). Factors associated with having depressive symptoms were female (AOR 3.70, 95% CI 1.54–8.88) and lack of social support (AOR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96–0.98) among self-help group members, and female (AOR 3.47, 95% CI 1.70–7.09), lack of social support (AOR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97–0.99), and internalized stigma (AOR 1.28, 95% 1.08–1.53) among non-members. Conclusions This study did not find evidence on the association between membership in self-help groups and depressive symptoms among people living with HIV. Social support was a protective factor against depressive symptoms both self-help group members and non-members, although the level of social support was lower among members than non-members. The activities of self-help groups and care provided by the ART clinics should be strengthened to address mental health problems among people living with HIV in the study site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myat Wint Than
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kyi Minn
- Myanmar Health and Development Consortium, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Yu Mon Saw
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Nagoya University Asian Satellite Campuses Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junko Kiriya
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamine Jimba
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hla Hla Win
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Akira Shibanuma
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Farias ODO, Guedes DDS, Freitas PCAD, Galvão MTG, Cunha GHD, Lima ICVD. Analysis of the needs for help of men who have sex with men and live with HIV. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2020; 54:e03650. [PMID: 33295530 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-220x2019010303650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the needs for help of men who have sex with men and live with HIV in the light of a Prescriptive Theory. METHOD Descriptive and qualitative study, conducted with men who have sex with men and live with HIV who were treated in a Specialized Outpatient Service in a capital in Northeastearn Brazil, between the months of November 2017 and May 2018. The study used the analysis of the discourse of the collective subject. RESULTS 49 men with HIV who self-identified as men who have sex with men participated in the study. Help was described as support, welcoming, psychosocial and family support. The desire to receive assistance was related to accepting and forgetting the diagnosis. The problems experienced were related to the acceptance of the diagnosis, fear and prejudice. Professionals and family members stood out as sources of support. Nursing care was cited as significant and the main help required was psychological. CONCLUSION The needs for help identified were mainly related to psychological support coming from health professionals and family members. Participants were willing to receive help, especially to cope with the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odaleia de Oliveira Farias
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Dayse da Silva Guedes
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | | | - Marli Teresinha Gimeniz Galvão
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Gilmara Holanda da Cunha
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Leogrande S, Alessandrini ER, Stafoggia M, Morabito A, Nocioni A, Ancona C, Bisceglia L, Mataloni F, Giua R, Mincuzzi A, Minerba S, Spagnolo S, Pastore T, Tanzarella A, Assennato G, Forastiere F. Industrial air pollution and mortality in the Taranto area, Southern Italy: A difference-in-differences approach. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 132:105030. [PMID: 31398654 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large steel plant close to the urban area of Taranto (Italy) has been operating since the sixties. Several studies conducted in the past reported an excess of mortality and morbidity from various diseases at the town level, possibly due to air pollution from the plant. However, the relationship between air pollutants emitted from the industry and adverse health outcomes has been controversial. We applied a variant of the "difference-in-differences" (DID) approach to examine the relationship between temporal changes in exposure to industrial PM10 from the plant and changes in cause-specific mortality rates at area unit level. METHODS We examined a dynamic cohort of all subjects (321,356 individuals) resident in the Taranto area in 1998-2010 and followed them up for mortality till 2014. In this work, we included only deaths occurring on 2008-2014. We observed a total of 15,303 natural deaths in the cohort and age-specific annual death rates were computed for each area unit (11 areas in total). PM10 and NO2 concentrations measured at air quality monitoring stations and the results of a dispersion model were used to estimate annual average population weighted exposures to PM10 of industrial origin for each year, area unit and age class. Changes in exposures and in mortality were analyzed using Poisson regression. RESULTS We estimated an increased risk in natural mortality (1.86%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.06, 3.83%) per 1 μg/m3 annual change of industrial PM10, mainly driven by respiratory causes (8.74%, 95% CI: 1.50, 16.51%). The associations were statistically significant only in the elderly (65+ years). CONCLUSIONS The DID approach is intuitively simple and reduces confounding by design. Under the multiple assumptions of this approach, the study indicates an effect of industrial PM10 on natural mortality, especially in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Leogrande
- Local Health Service Taranto, Viale Virgilio 31, Taranto, Italy.
| | - Ester Rita Alessandrini
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome - ASL Roma 1, Via Cristoforo Colombo, 112, Italy.
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome - ASL Roma 1, Via Cristoforo Colombo, 112, Italy.
| | | | | | - Carla Ancona
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome - ASL Roma 1, Via Cristoforo Colombo, 112, Italy.
| | | | - Francesca Mataloni
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome - ASL Roma 1, Via Cristoforo Colombo, 112, Italy.
| | | | - Antonia Mincuzzi
- Local Health Service Taranto, Viale Virgilio 31, Taranto, Italy.
| | - Sante Minerba
- Local Health Service Taranto, Viale Virgilio 31, Taranto, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome - ASL Roma 1, Via Cristoforo Colombo, 112, Italy; Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo, Italy; Environmental Research Group, King's College, Stamford Street, London, UK.
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Thapa R, Yang Y. Experiences, Emotions, and Adjustments of HIV-Infected Men in HIV-Concordant Marital Relationship in Cambodia. Am J Mens Health 2018; 12:1215-1225. [PMID: 29938560 PMCID: PMC6142155 DOI: 10.1177/1557988318784155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it has been well documented that the HIV infection experience can be problematic for those affected, the experiences and perceptions of living with HIV among married males in Cambodia have not yet been examined until now. This study's purpose was to describe the revelations, emotions, reactions, and adjustments to HIV diagnosis among infected Cambodian males in seroconcordant heterosexual relationship. Fifteen qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 HIV-positive males using unstructured, open-ended questions and in the local Khmer language. Conventional content analysis method was employed for analyzing data. After analysis, four main categories were developed: knowledge of HIV-positive status; realization of self-deeds; discouraging news for both partners; and comparative improvement of life. Participants reported the appearance of physical symptoms as the only reason for pursuing HIV testing. Feelings ranged from sadness and guilt to acceptance of HIV infection in their lives. The participants' wives expressed anger and worry about being infected by their husbands. However, sufficient inspiration from medical personnel and peer groups, as well as a shared concern for their children, helped couples adjust to their dyadic relationship. The study results highlight the link between individual and couple experiences and emotions post-infection, with implications for designing and implementing coping interventions for this population. The findings of this study have public health implications in the design of couple-based intervention and counseling programs for HIV prevention and treatment with the input of the HIV-positive individuals' voices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshna Thapa
- 1 School of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Chonbuk National University, deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngran Yang
- 1 School of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Chonbuk National University, deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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